سن قانونی ازدواج

سن قانونی ازدواج یعنی حداقل سن ازدواج برای پسرها و دخترها.

سن قانونی ازدواج در ایران

با توجه به ماده ۱۰۴۱ قانون مدنی ایران، سن قانونی ازدواج برای دخترها ۱۳ سال و برای پسرها ۱۵ سال شمسی است. تا قبل از انقلاب اسلامی، سن قانونی ازدواج برای دخترها ۱۵ سال و برای پسرها ۱۸ سال بود.
ماده ۱۰۴۱
عقد نکاح دختر قبل از رسیدن به سن ۱۳ سال تمام شمسی و پسر قبل از رسیدن به سن ۱۵ سال تمام شمسی منوط است به اذن ولی به شرط رعایت مصلحت با تشخیص دادگاه صالح.^[۱]

سن قانونی ازدواج در کشورهای مختلف

قاره آفریقا

کشور	سن پسر	سن دختر	توضیح
الجزایر	19		[۲]
آنگولا	18		16 با اجازه والدین برای پسرها، 15 با اجازه والدین برای دخترها.[۳]
کامرون	15	18	[۴]
مصر	21		18 با اجازه والدین .[۵]
اتیوپی	18		[۶]
کنیا	18		16 با اجازه والدین برای پسرها.[۷]
لسوتو	21		18 با اجازه والدین برای پسرها، 16 با اجازه والدین برای دخترها .[۸]
لیبریا	21	18	18 با اجازه والدین برای پسرها، 16 با اجازه والدین برای دخترها [۹]
لیبی	20		But lower with judicial permission on grounds of benefit or necessity and with wali's agreement.[۱۰]
موریس	18		16 با اجازه والدین [۱۱]
ماداگاسکار	18	17	[۱۲]
مالی	18	16	[۱۳]
موریتانی	18		Despite legislation defining marriageable age, judges can use their discretionary powers to marry even minors.[۱۴]
مراکش	18		[۱۵] This is not always followed in rural areas and many judges do not uphold this law and let women younger than 18 marry.^[نیازمند منبع]
موزامبیک	18		16 با اجازه والدین [۱۶]
نامیبیا	21		18 با اجازه والدین [۱۷]
نیجر	18	15	under با اجازه والدین [۱۸]
نیجریه	18		[۶]
سائوتومه و پرنسیپ	18		16 با اجازه والدین برای پسرها، 14 با اجازه والدین برای دخترها.[۱۹]
سنگال	18	16	[۲۰]
سومالی	18	16	For برای دخترها with guardian's consent. Court may grant exemption from minimum age requirements in case of necessity.[۲۱]
آفریقای جنوبی	18		For a marriage under the Marriage Act, 1961, parental consent is required for the marriage of a party under the age of majority,[۲۲] which was formerly 21 but is now 18. The special consent of the Minister of Home Affairs is also required for the marriage of a girl under the age of 15 or a boy under the age of 18.[۲۳] Under the Civil Union Act, 2006, which allows for same-sex or opposite-sex marriages, both parties must be 18 or older.[۲۴] Under the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act, 1998, a customary marriage entered into after the passage of the act will only be recognised if both parties were 18 or older.[۲۵]
سودان	Puberty		With requirement for willing consent of both parties.[۲۶]
سودان جنوبی	18		With the consent of both parties, under the South Sudan Child Act 2008.[۲۷]
سوازیلند	21		18 با اجازه والدین برای پسرها، 16 با اجازه والدین برای دخترها.[۲۸]
تانزانیا	18		14 با اجازه والدین [۲۹]
توگو	20	17	[۳۰]
تونس	18		Lower with judicial special permission for pressing reasons and with a clear interest for both spouses.[۳۱]
زامبیا	21		[۳۲]
زیمبابوه	18		16با اجازه والدین .[۳۳]

قاره آسیا

تابلوی دیوار نویسی شده در یک روستا که حداقل سن را برای پسر 22 و برای دختر 20 سال مشخص می کند. درهوبئی کشور چین .

کشور	سن پسر	سن دختر	توضیح
افغانستان	18	16	در بعضی از موارد حتی دختران 8 ساله را مجبور به ازدواج می‌کنند .^[نیازمند منبع]
بنگلادش	21	18	Bangladeshi law provides penal sanctions for the contraction of under-age marriages, although such unions are not considered invalid.[۳۴] Despite the law, child marriage rates in Bangladesh are among the highest in the world. Every 2 out of 3 marriages involve child marriages.[۳۵]
بوتان	18		[۳۶]
برونئی	18		Minimum legal age for marriage without parental consent varies across states/provinces, ethnic groups, religious groups or forms of marriage.[۳۷]
چین	22	20	[۳۸]
هنگ کنگ	21		16 با اجازه والدین .[۳۹][۴۰]
هند	21	18	If any partner(s) engages in marriage at a younger age, (s)he can ask for the marriage to be declared void. A recent recommendation by the Law Commission aims to equalize the marriage age for برای پسرها and برای دخترها to 16.[۴۱] Official policy automatically declares marriages under 15 as "null and void", while marriages at the age of 14 or 15 are "voidable". In 2012, the high court declared that Muslim women can marry at 15.[۴۱] Additionally, the report declares that "In spite of these legal provisions, child marriage is still widely practiced and a marriage solemnized in contravention of these provisions is not void even under the new PCMA, 1929, the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 and also under the Muslim Law."[۴۱]
اندونزی	19	16	با اجازه والدین ازدواج در سنین پایین تر نیز قانونی است and judicial approval.[۴۲]
ایران	15	13	سن قانونی برای پسرها 15 و برای دخترها 13 سال است (برای سنین کمتر با اجازه والدین و دادگاه),[۴۳][۴۴] قبل از انقلاب برای پسرها 18 و برای دخترها 15 سال بود[۴۵]
عراق	18		15 with judicial permission if fitness, physical capacity and guardian's consent (or unreasonable objection on part of guardian) are established. (These rules may have been revised after صدام حسین's fall.)[۴۶]
اسرائیل	18		Minimum marriageable age increased from 17 to 18 in November 2013. Family courts able to recognise marriage for 16 and above in special cases.[۴۷]
ژاپن	20		18 for برای پسرها and 16 for برای دخترها با اجازه والدین .[۴۸]
اردن	18		[۴۹]
قزاقستان	18	17	16 با اجازه والدین .[۵۰]
کره جنوبی	19		18 با اجازه والدین
کویت	17	15	[۵۱]
قرقیزستان	18		16 با اجازه والدین [۵۲]
لبنان	18	17	15, or 9 with judicial permission for Shi'a. 18 or 17 and 16 or 15 with judicial permission for Druze.[۵۳]
مالزی	21		18 دختران مسلمان می توانند با اجازه والدین در سن کمتر از 16 سال ازدواج کنند. authorities.[۵۴]
مالدیو	18		According to custom, the minimum age for marriage is 15. The Law on the Protection of the Rights of the Child discourages marriage before the age of 16.[۵۵]
نپال	20		18 با اجازه والدین .[۵۶]
کره شمالی	18	17	[۵۷]
عمان	18		While the legal minimum age is 18, "custom still recognises marriages below the age of 18".[۵۸]
پاکستان	18	16 (18 in ایالت سند)[۵۹]	Despite the law[۶۰] against child marriage, the practice is widespread. According to two 2013 reports, over 50% of all marriages in پاکستان involve girls less than 18 years old.[۶۱][۶۲] Another UNICEF report claims 70 per cent of girls in Pakistan are married before the age of 16.[۶۳] Another custom in Pakistan, called swara or vani, involves village elders solving family disputes or settling unpaid debts by marrying off girls. The average marriage age of swara girls is between 5 and 9.[۶۳][۶۴]
فلسطین	16	15	with parent consent.
مغولستان	18		[۶۵]
فلیپین	21		18 with parent consent.[۶۶]
قطر	18	16	Under با اجازه والدین . No minimum age for marriage با اجازه والدین , and permitted only when in conformity with religious and cultural norms and with permission of a competent court.[۶۷]
روسیه	18		16 in special circumstances; may vary in different regions.
عربستان سعودی	ندارد		[۶۸]
سنگاپور	21		18 با اجازه والدین ; below 18 with special marriage license.
سریلانکا	18		However, the parties must have a قاضی (شریعت)'s permission to marry before contracting into marriage if they are Muslims.[۶۹]
سوریه	18		Thomson Reuters Foundation notes that child marriage occurs from 13 years.[۷۰]
تایوان	20		18 for برای پسرها and 16 for برای دخترها with statutory agent's consent.[۷۱][۷۲]
تاجیکستان	18		17 با اجازه والدین .[۷۳]
تایلند	20		17 با اجازه والدین .[۷۴]
امارات متحده عربی	18		While UAE is based on Sharia law, a minimum age for marriage exists.[۷۵]
ازبکستان	17		[۷۶]
ویتنام	20	18
یمن	15		HRW notes no legal minimum age for marriage under Sharia law, and UNSD notes that child marriage is permitted where "such marriage will entail some clear benefit." [۷۷]

اروپا

سن قانونی ازدواج به عنوان یک حق در تمام کشورهای اروپایی بجز چند کشور، ۱۸ سال است.

جستارهای وابسته

• ازدواج کودکان
• ازدواج نوجوانان
• سن قانونی
• بارداری نوجوانان

منابع

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