Gordon, Matthew S. (April–June 2001). "The Khāqānid Families of the Early ʿAbbasid Period". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 121 (2): 236–255. doi:10.2307/606563. JSTOR606563.
Al-Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir (1985–2007). Ehsan Yar-Shater (ed.). The History of Al-Ṭabarī. Vol. 40 vols. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.