Ismat Chughtai

Ismat Chughtai

Ismat Chughtai (21 ut 1915 - 24 oktoobar 1991) ko winndiyanke Urdu, binndoowo daartol, humanist liberal e waɗoowo filmuuji. Puɗɗagol e kitaale 1930, o winndii ko heewi e tiitooɗe ko wayi no jokkondiral rewɓe e rewɓe, jikkuuji hakkundeeji, e luural hakkunde yimɓe, heewɓe heen ko e yiyannde Marx. E mbaadi ndi nganndu-ɗaa ko goonga binndol, Chughtai tabitinii hoore mum no daande maantiniinde e nder binndol Urdu teeminannde noogasɓere, e hitaande 1976 laamu leydi Indiya rokki mo njeenaari Padma Shri.

Nguurndam

Fuɗɗoode nguurndam mum e golle mum (1915–41)

Ismat Chughtai jibinaa ko ñalnde 21 ut 1915 to Badayun, Uttar Pradesh, e galle Nusrat Khanam e Mirza Qaseem Baig Chughtai; ko kanko woni nayaɓo e nder ɓiɓɓe sappo—miñiraaɓe jeegom e miñiraaɓe rewɓe nayo.[1] Galle oo ina heewi yahde nde tawnoo baaba Chughtai ko golloowo laamu; o waɗi cukaagu makko e nder gure bayɗe no Jodhpur, Agra, e Aligarh—ko ɓuri heewde ko e fedde banndiraaɓe makko nde tawnoo banndiraaɓe makko rewɓe fof resndiino nde o woni suka no feewi. Chughtai siftinii batte banndiraaɓe mum ko huunde himmunde baɗnde neɗɗaagal makko e duuɓi makko gonɗi e ƴellitaare. O miijii ko miñiiko ɗiɗaɓo, hono Mirza Azim Beg Chughtai (kañum ne ko winndiyanke), ko o jannginoowo. Ɓesngu nguu jooɗiima haa Agra, caggal nde baaba Chughtai woppi golle laamu leydi Indiya.[2]

Chughtai heɓi jaŋde mum leslesre to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde rewɓe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde juulɓe Aligarh, o heɓi kadi seedantaagal makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Isabella Thoburn e hitaande 1940.[3] Hay so tawii ɓesngu makko ina haɓana ɗum no feewi, o timminii jaŋde makko leslesre to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde juulɓe Aligarh hitaande rewtunde ndee.[2] Ko e oon sahaa Chughtai jokkondiri e Fedde Winndooɓe Progressive, nde tawnoo o tawtoraama batu makko gadano e hitaande 1936 ɗo o hawri e Rashid Jahan, gooto e winndooɓe rewɓe ɓurɓe mawnude e nder dillere ndee, mo caggal ɗuum o heɓi njeenaari ngam wallitde Chughtai winndude " jikkuuji rewɓe goonga, caɗtuɗi".[4][5] Chughtai fuɗɗii winndude e nder suudu hedde oon sahaa, kono o ɗaɓɓaani bayyinaango ngam golle makko haa caggal ɗuum.[5]

Nde puɗɗii-mi winndude, wonno ko mbaydi -- winndude geɗe njimri walla winndude no Progressive nii. Nde puɗɗii-mi winndude, yimɓe ɓee mbeltiima no feewi sabu mi winndii ko laaɓti no feewi [...] Mi winndaani ko mbiyaten "literarily." Mi winndii miɗo waɗa winndude no kaaldirmi nii, e ɗemngal laaɓtungal no feewi, wonaa ɗemngal binndol.

—Chghtai e binndanɗe mum gadane, e nder yeewtere nde o waɗdunoo e Mahfil e hitaande 1972.[6]

Chughtai winndi drama ina wiyee Fasādī (Caɗeele) ngam jaaynde Urdu Saqi e hitaande 1939, ko ɗum woni deftere makko adannde yaltinnde. Nde yalti, janngooɓe ɓee njuumti ko e pijirlooji miñiiko Chughtai biyeteeɗo Azeem Beg, winndi e innde fenaande.[7] Caggal ɗuum, o fuɗɗii winndude e jaayɗe e jaayɗe goɗɗe. Won e golle makko gadane ina jeyaa heen Bachpan (Cukaagu), deftere nde o winndi e nguurndam makko, Kafir (Kafirɗo), daartol makko gadanol, e Dheet (Stubborn), ko o haala tan, e woɗɓe.[8] E nder jaabawol daartol ngol o winndi e jaaynde, Chughtai wiyi wonde golle makko ina njuumta, ina mbonna Quraan.[9] Oon noon, o jokki e winndude ko fayti e "geɗe ɗe o nanata".[9]

Jokkude jokkondiral Chughtai e Diɗɗal Winndooɓe Yahruɓe yeeso ina joginoo batte keewɗe e mbaadi binndol makko ; o ɓuri heen welde ko Angarey, deftere nde terɗe fedde nde mbinndi e ɗemngal Urdu, ina jeyaa heen Jahan, Sajjad Zaheer, Sahibzada Mahmuduzaffar e Ahmed Ali. Woɗɓe e batte mum gadane ina njeyaa heen winndooɓe hono Wiliyaam Sidney Porter, Joorji Bernard Shaw, e Anton Chekhov.[9] Kalyān (Buds) e Cōtēn (Gaañiiɓe), ɗiɗo e nder defte Chughtai gadane, njaltinaama e hitaande 1941 e hitaande 1942.[8]

Deftere Chughtai adannde wiyeteende Ziddi, nde o winndi e duuɓi makko capanɗe jeegom, nde o winndi e hitaande 1941. Deftere ndee ina haala giɗli hakkunde debbo gooto, golloowo e ballal galle e nder galle alɗuɗo, e ɓiy jom golle mum. Chughtai caggal mum yeewtidii e nanondiral e tiitooɗe e mbaadi deftere ndee e golle winndiyanke romantik biyeteeɗo Hijab Imtiaz Ali, o siftini mo wonde ko o baawɗo goɗɗo e fuɗɗoode. Miijooji ɗii njettii novella oo, sabu "prose compelling"[10] e rokkude "[glimpses] e nder aduna ɗo rewɓe etotoo yaltude e kaɓirɗe ɗe rewɓe woɗɓe tagi, wonaa worɓe".[11] Winndiyanke e winndiyanke daartol juutngol biyeteeɗo Aamer Hussein, e nder ƴeewndo mum 2015, nanndini Chughtai "daande oracular, nde haalataa walla firtaani, kono nde janngini daartol ngol e teskagol yimre" e daande winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Toni Morrison.[10] Ziddi caggal mum firtaama e ɗemngal Engele ko Wild at Heart, o waɗtaa e filmo 1948 mo innde mum nanndi.[1]

Weltaare e waylude filmo (1942-60)

Caggal nde o timmini dipolom makko Bachelor of Education, Chughtai heɓiino ɗaɓɓude golle gardiiɗo duɗal sukaaɓe rewɓe to Aligarh. Ko ɗoon o hawri e Shaheed Latif, o woni e janngude master to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde juulɓe Aligarh e oon sahaa.[7] Chughtai jokki winndugo ngam defte feere-feere wakkati o woni haa Aligarh. O heɓi nafoore e daartol juutngol ko wayi no Gainda e Khidmatgaar e pijirlooji Intikhab, ɗiin fof njaltinaama e nder yonta oo.[12] Ndeen o ummiima Bombay e hitaande 1942, o fuɗɗii golloraade ko Inspectre duɗe.[7] E darorɗe hitaande ndee, o resi Latif, mo jooni woni binndoowo kaaldigal to Bollywood, e nder kewu keeriiɗo

Ismat Chughtai

ɓii aadama

Jinsu	debbum
Ɓii-leydiyankaaku	Hinndi, British Raj, Dominion of India
Innde	Ismat
Innde ɓesngu	Chughtai
Ɗuubi daygo	21 Juko 1911, 15 Juko 1915, 15 Juko 1911, 21 Juko 1915
Ɗoforde	Budaun
Date of death	24 Yarkomaa 1991
Place of death	Mumbai
Dee/goriiwo	Shaheed Latif
Wolde	Urdu
Sana'aji	writer, screenwriter, film director
Janngi to	Aligarh Muslim University
Diina	Diina Lislaama
List of works	list of works by Ismat Chughtai
Notable work	Lihaaf
Movement	Progressive Writers' Movement
Award received	Filmfare Awards, Padma Shri in literature and education

Batte e mbaadi binndol

windugoBatte e mbaadi binndol

Chughtai ko juulɗo liberal mo ɓiyum debbo, ɓiyiiko gorko, e ɓiyiiko gorko ina resndaa hindu en. E konngol makko, Chughtai ummorii ko e galle "Hindu en, juulɓe e Kerecee'en ɓe fof nguurdi e jam".[50] O wii o janngataa Qur’aana tan, kono kadi Gita e Biibal e udditaare.[50]

Daartol Chughtai ngol ina hollita pinal diiwaan mo o hoɗi oo. Ɗuum hollitaama no feewi e daartol makko "Sacred Duty", ɗo o haali ko fayti e caɗeele renndo e nder leydi Indiya, o tuugnii e aadaaji ngenndiiji, diineeji e pinal keertiiɗi.[51][52]

E nder duuɓi Chughtai, Nazar Sajjad Hyder tabitinii hoore mum daande rewɓe jeytaare, e daartol juutngol rewɓe ɗiɗo ceertuɓe no feewi, Hijab Imtiaz Ali e Rashid Jehan, kadi ko batte maantinɗe e fuɗɗoode.[53]

Heewɓe e binndanɗe makko, haa arti noon e Angarey e Lihaaf, ngoppaama e nder Asii fuɗnaange sabu ko woni e mum koo ko reformist e feministe ina mettini e konservatiif en (yeru, miijo makko wonde Niqab, woni mbaydi ndi rewɓe ɓoornotoo e nder renndooji juulɓe, ina foti ustude rewɓe juulɓe sabu ɗum ko tooñannge e fedde).[54][55]

E nder pinal yimɓe

E nder filmo Saadat Hasan Manto mo hitaande 2018, tiitoonde mum, Manto, jikku makko ko Rajshri Deshpande holliri ɗum.

Filmu drama mo ɗemngal hindi Indiya hitaande 2019, Lihaaf: The Quilt tuugnii ko e daartol ngol, hoodereeji ɗii ko Anushka Sen, Tannishtha Chatterjee, Mir Sarwar, Sonal Sehgal, Shoib Nikash Shah, Namita Lal, e Virendra Saxena. Ardii ɗum ko Rahat Kazmi.[57]

Binndanɗe ko faati e Ismat Chughtai

Ismat: Nguurndam makko, jamaanu makko. Sukrita Paul Kumar, Katha, New Delhi, 2000. ISBN 81-85586-97-7.

Ismat Chughtai, Daande Kulaani. Manjulaa Negi, Rupa e Co, 2003.81-29101-53-X.

"Torchbearer revolution binndol". Hindu, Alet 21 lewru Mbooy 2000.[1][usurped]

Kashmir Uzma Urdu yontere, Srinagar, 27 Duujal 2004, 2 Yarkomaa 2005.[2]

“Ismat Chughtai – Pakistaan-Inndo (1915-1991)”, Yimɓe Duniyaaru, 5 May 2006.[3]

Eyad N. Al-Samman, “Ismat Chughtai: Debbo juulɗo mo alaa ɗo haaɗi e fiction Urdu”, Yemem Times, 13 lewru Abriil 2009

Teddungal

Ñalnde 21 ut 2018, Google mawninii duuɓi mum 107 e Google Doodle.[58]

Bibliografi

Winndannde mawnde: Doggol golle Ismat Chughtai

Filmogaraafi

windugo

Vidiyo

Hitaande Tiitoonde Role Notes

1948 Shikayat – Winndiyanke kaaldigal

1948 Ziddi –

1950 Arzoo –

1951 Busdil –

1952 Siisaa –

1953 Fareb – Kadi ko gardiiɗo

1954 Darwaaza –

1955 Renndo –

1958 Sone Ki Chidiya – Kadi peewnoowo

1958 Lala Rukh – Kadi ko gardiiɗo e peewnoowo

1966 Baharen Fir Bhi Ayengi –

1973 Garam Hawa – njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e daartol (renndini ko e Kaifi Azmi)

1978 Junoon Mariyam Labadoor Cameo feeñde

Caught ai ko juulɗo liberal mo ɓiyum debbo, ɓiyiiko gorko, e ɓiyiiko gorko ina resndaa hindu en. E konngol makko, Chughtai ummorii ko e galle "Hindu en, juulɓe e Kerecee'en ɓe fof nguurdi e jam".[50] O wii o janngataa Qur’aana tan, kono kadi Gita e Biibal e udditaare.[50]

Daartol Chughtai ngol ina hollita pinal diiwaan mo o hoɗi oo. Ɗuum hollitaama no feewi e daartol makko "Sacred Duty", ɗo o haali ko fayti e caɗeele renndo e nder leydi Indiya, o tuugnii e aadaaji ngenndiiji, diineeji e pinal keertiiɗi.[51][52]

E nder duuɓi Chughtai, Nazar Sajjad Hyder tabitinii hoore mum daande rewɓe jeytaare, e daartol juutngol rewɓe ɗiɗo ceertuɓe no feewi, Hijab Imtiaz Ali e Rashid Jehan, kadi ko batte maantinɗe e fuɗɗoode.[53]

Heewɓe e binndanɗe makko, haa arti noon e Angarey e Lihaaf, ngoppaama e nder Asii fuɗnaange sabu ko woni e mum koo ko reformist e feministe ina mettini e konservatiif en (yeru, miijo makko wonde Niqab, woni mbaydi ndi rewɓe ɓoornotoo e nder renndooji juulɓe, ina foti ustude rewɓe juulɓe sabu ɗum ko tooñannge e fedde).[54][55]

E nder pinal yimɓe

E nder filmo Saadat Hasan Manto mo hitaande 2018, tiitoonde mum, Manto, jikku makko ko Rajshri Deshpande holliri ɗum.

Filmu drama mo ɗemngal hindi Indiya hitaande 2019, Lihaaf: The Quilt tuugnii ko e daartol ngol, hoodereeji ɗii ko Anushka Sen, Tannishtha Chatterjee, Mir Sarwar, Sonal Sehgal, Shoib Nikash Shah, Namita Lal, e Virendra Saxena. Ardii ɗum ko Rahat Kazmi.[57]

Binndanɗe ko faati e Ismat Chughtai

Ismat: Nguurndam makko, jamaanu makko. Sukrita Paul Kumar, Katha, New Delhi, 2000. ISBN 81-85586-97-7.

Ismat Chughtai, Daande Kulaani. Manjulaa Negi, Rupa e Co, 2003.81-29101-53-X.

"Torchbearer revolution binndol". Hindu, Alet 21 lewru Mbooy 2000.[1][usurped]

Kashmir Uzma Urdu yontere, Srinagar, 27 Duujal 2004, 2 Yarkomaa 2005.[2]

“Ismat Chughtai – Pakistaan-Inndo (1915-1991)”, Yimɓe Duniyaaru, 5 May 2006.[3]

Eyad N. Al-Samman, “Ismat Chughtai: Debbo juulɗo mo alaa ɗo haaɗi e fiction Urdu”, Yemem Times, 13 lewru Abriil 2009

Teddungal

Ñalnde 21 ut 2018, Google mawninii duuɓi mum 107 e Google Doodle.[58]

Bibliografi

Winndannde mawnde: Doggol golle Ismat Chughtai

Filmogaraafi

Vidiyo

Hitaande Tiitoonde Role Notes

1948 Shikayat – Winndiyanke kaaldigal

1948 Ziddi –

1950 Arzoo –

1951 Busdil –

1952 Siisaa –

1953 Fareb – Kadi ko gardiiɗo

1954 Darwaaza –

1955 Renndo –

1958 Sone Ki Chidiya – Kadi peewnoowo

1958 Lala Rukh – Kadi ko gardiiɗo e peewnoowo

1966 Baharen Fir Bhi Ayengi –

1973 Garam Hawa – njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e daartol (renndini ko e Kaifi Azmi)

1978 Junoon Mariyam Labadoor Cameo feeñde

Njeenaaje e teddungal

Hitaande golle Njeenaari Categori Njeñtudi Ref.

1974 Terhi Lakeer Ghalib heɓi njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e filmo urdu [59].

1974-75 Garam Hawa heɓi njeenaari filmuuji ngenndiiji daartol ɓurngol moƴƴude

Njeenaari Filmfare Taariindi ɓurndi moƴƴude heɓi

– Njeenaari laamu leydi Indiya – Won

1976 – njeenaaje siwil en Inndonaajo biyeteeɗo Padma Shri Won [60].

1979 – Njeenaari binndol Makhdoom heɓi

1982 – Njeenaari Nehru leydi Sowiyet – heɓi [61].

1990 – Iqbal Samman heɓi jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Urdu to Rajasthan [61].

Ƴeew kadi

Doggol winndooɓe Inndo

Tuugnorgal

Teskorɗe

^ Fuɗɗoode.[13][44][45][46]

Ciimtol

^ Juppude haa: a b c d Gopal, Priyamvada (2012). Radikalism binndol e nder leydi Indiya: Jinnaaɗo, ngenndi e waylude jeytaare. Jaaynde Ruutledge. 83-84. ISBN 978-1-134-33253-3. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 23 oktoobar 2018. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 26 abriil 2018.

^ Juppude haa: a b c d Parekh, Rauf (30 ut 2015). "Binndol: Ismat Chughtai: nguurndam mum, miijo mum e naalankaagal mum". Fajiri. Moƴƴinaama gila e asli mum ñalnde 6 Duujal 2017. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 24 Abriil 2018.

^ Namita (11 noowammbar 2014). "Binndi laaɓtundi rowrowre defterdu AMU". Mint. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 12 oktoobar 2017. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 24 abriil 2018.

^ Juppude haa: a b c Bahuguna, Urvasi (15 ut 2017). "Jbinaa ko e ñalawma jeytaare leydi Indiya garoowo, Ismat Chughtai winndi ko fayti e aduna mo o yiyi, mo o yiɗaa". Yillo.nder. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 16 oktoobar 2017. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 25 abriil 2017.

^ Juppude haa: a b Maklan, Karlin. "Fantaas ko keeri: Goonga, Fantastik e tooñannge e nder fijirde Urdu hakkunde teeminannde noogas" (PDF). Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Teksas, to Austin. Arsiif (PDF) gila e asli mum ñalnde 4 Duujal 2013. Ƴeewtaa ko 11 Yarkomaa 2012.

^ Juppude haa: a b c Koppola, Karlo (1972). "Yewtere e Ismat Chughtai". Mahfil. 8 (2–3);

^ Juppude haa: a b c d Naqwi, Tahira (1993). "Ismat Chughtai–Teddungal" (PDF). Hitaande jaŋde Urdu. 8. Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Wiskonsin. Arsiif (PDF) gila e asli mum ñalnde 26 abriil 2018. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 25 abriil 2018.

^ Juppude haa: a b c d e f g Bano, Farhat (2013). "Feñgol hakkille rewɓe e nder rewɓe juulɓe haala Aligarh" (PDF). Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Calcutta. Arsiwiraa ko e asli (PDF) ñalnde 14 mee 2018. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 13 mee 2018 – e laawol Shodhganga.

^ Juppude haa: a b c d Patel, Aakar (14 ut 2015). "Penndol Ismat Chughtai ngol hulaani". Mint wuurɗo. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 26 abriil 2018. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 25 abriil 2018.

^ Juppude haa: a b c d e f g Huseyn, Aamer (4 ut 2015). "Hol no foti balɗe maayo waawi jogaade baraas?". Jaaynde Kindle. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 4 suwee 2018. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 17 suwee 2019.

^ Afif Siddiqi, Shams (5 suwee 2014). "Laamu ɓernde". Telegaraam oo. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 19 suwee 2019.

^ Juppude haa: a b Gupta, Neeta. "Haalaaji juutɗi". Duɗal Janngugol Udditiingol. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 6 mee 2018. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 27 abriil 2018.

^ Juppude haa: a b c Kumar, Kuldeep (20 lewru Yarkomaa 2017). "Siftorde ƴaañoowo". Hindu en. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 14 lewru Mbooy 2018. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 8 lewru Mbooy 2018.

^ Mitra, Ipshita (28 suwee 2012). "Eeraango jinnaaɗo gooto e nder binndol". Jamanuuji leydi Indiya. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 7 lewru Mbooy 2018.

^ Juppude haa: a b Asadudiin, M (1 abriil 2012). "Dude, ɗum wonaa ko boni". Telegaraam oo. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 7 lewru Mbooy 2018. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 7 lewru Mbooy 2018.

^ Shamsie, Muneeza (27 noowammbar 2016). "Daande rewɓe Ismat Chughtai". Fajiri. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 7 lewru Mbooy 2018. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 7 lewru Mbooy 2018.

^ Pool Kumar, Sukrita; Saadiik, Saadiik (2000). Ismat: Nguurndam makko, jamaanu makko. Defte Katha. p. 65. ISBN 9788185586977. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 18 suwee 2019.

^ Jump up to: a b "Jalngu jibinannde Ismat Chughtai: Ƴeewto golle makko ciftorteeɗe". Ekspres indiyanke. 21 lewru bowte 2018. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 23 suwee 2018. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 17 suwee 2019.

^ Zakariya, Rafiya (26 oktoobar 2013). "Ismat Chughtai: Adunaaji nder rewɓe jannguɓe". Fajiri. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 20 abriil 2018. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 5 mee 2018.

^ Gautam, Nista (22 lewru bowte hitaande 2015). "Ismat Chughtai, a jaaraama sabu ko a Tedhi Lakeer men". Ñalawma kalaO. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 6 lewru Mbooy 2018. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 5 lewru Mbooy 2018.

^ Juppude haa: a b Rajadyaksha, Ashish; Wilemen, Pool (2014). Ansiklopedi Sinema Indiya. Routledge. p. 80. ISBN 9781135943189. Nde ƴettaa ko ñalnde 7 mee 2018.

↑ Hayder, Kuraatulaayin (25 lewru bowte hitaande 2017). "Ismat Chughtai cuusi ƴellitde mbaydi naafigaagal e nder renndo Inndo". Ñalawma kalaO. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 12 lewru Mbooy 2018. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 11 lewru Mbooy 2018.

^ Sadiik, Daktar; Paul Kumar, Sukrita (2000). Ismat: Nguurndam makko, jamaanu makko. Defte Katha. p. 92. ISBN 9788185586977. Nde ƴettaa ko ñalnde 12 mee 2018. Nde ƴettaa ko ñalnde 11 mee 2018.

^ Gahlot, Deepa (2015). Take-2: 50 Filmuuji potɗi ƴeewteede. Hay House, Inc. ISBN 9789384544850. Moƴƴinaama e asli mum ñalnde 12 lewru Mbooy 2018. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 11 lewru Mbooy 2018.

^ "Nutan haa abada". Rediff.com. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 12 lewru Mbooy 2018. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 11 lewru Mbooy 2018.

^ Somaaya, Bhawana (2016). Nde wootere Dow