Kellis

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Kellis antique

L'ancienne Kellis, désormais située sur le territoire de la commune égyptienne d'Ismant el-Kharab (Ismant ruiné), était un village de Haute-Égypte pendant les périodes hellénistique, romaine et byzantine. La ville était située à près de 2,5 kilomètres à l'est-sud-est de l'actuel Ismant, dans l'oasis de Dakhleh, et à environ 11 km au nord-est du village de Mut (plus complètement Mut el-Kharab), qui est le chef-lieu de l'oasis[1],[2]. Dans les temps anciens, Mut s'appelait Mothis, et Kellis appartenait donc au nome Mothite[3].

Structures[modifier | modifier le code]

Le village s'étendait sur un peu plus d'un kilomètre de long sur 650 mètres de large. Les bâtiment étaient construits presque entièrement en brique crue sur une terrasse basse, bordée d'oueds au sud-est et au nord-ouest et entourée de champs[4].

L'activité économique se concentrait sur le tissage, la poterie artisanale et la forge. Plusieurs sites d'intérêt de Kellis attiraient la population, notamment le temple de Tutu et trois églises ; la Petite Église de l'Est (le plus ancien bâtiment église connu en Égypte). Le site a été occupé dès la fin de la période ptolémaïque, a été abandonné quelque temps après l'an 392 et est resté inoccupé depuis lors, à l'exception d'une période dans les années 1940, où des Bédouins y ont campé[5],[6].

Le temple dédié à tutu permet de donner une indication chronologique puisque la première mention faite à ce dieu remonte à la XXVIe dynastie, à Saïs, soit 700 ans avant notre ère. La popularité de Tutu s'est répandue au cours de l'ère ptolémaïque, souvent associé aux déesses Neith ou Bastet. On notera qu'il est l'unique exemple de temple dédié à ce dieu qui nous soit parvenu à ce jour et c'est de lui dont proviennent la plupart des images et informations dont on dispose aujourd'hui concernant cette divinité[7]. Le temple a été développé au cours du Ier siècle de notre ère, comme en témoigne une inscription dédicace à l'empereur Néron, ainsi que la découverte de papyri en démotique d'une période similaire.

Plusieurs autre bâtiments ont été découverts, dont un particulièrement large, comportant plus de 200 salles.

Abandonnée depuis longtemps, la ville n'a été encore que partiellement fouillée et beaucoup de lieux y sont mal délimités, de nombreux bâtiments sont encore ensevelis sous le sable. Les sommets de certains sont visibles depuis la surface ; d'autres sont totalement recouverts. Parfois fragilisés, certains bâtiments présentent des risques d'effondrement lorsqu'un touriste imprudent traverse la cité en ruine.

Les fouilles[modifier | modifier le code]

L'exploration archéologique de Kellis a commencé en 1986[8]. Depuis 1991, les fouilles de Kellis sont financées par le Conseil australien de la recherche, administré par l'Université Monash[9]. Des milliers de fragments d'écriture sur des ostraca ont été découverts, dont beaucoup font référence au manichéisme, une ancienne religion dont les adeptes à Kellis vivaient apparemment aux côtés des chrétiens dans les temps anciens[10],[11].

Les archéologues ont également trouvé des livres en bois, des récipients en verre, des outils, d'autres objets domestiques, ainsi que des cimetières avec des momies recouvertes de masques[5] et d'autres éléments de cartonnage[12],[13].

Voir également[modifier | modifier le code]

Lectures complémentaires[modifier | modifier le code]

Monographies[modifier | modifier le code]

  • Bagnall, R. S., ed., The Kellis Agricultural Account Book, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 1997.
  • Gardner, I., ed., Kellis Literary Texts, Volume 1, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 1996. Volume 2, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2007.
  • Gardner, I., A. Alcock and W.-P. Funk, eds, Coptic Documentary Texts from Kellis, Volume 1, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 1999.Volume 2, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2014.
  • Worp, K. A., ed., Greek Ostraka from Kellis, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2004.
  • Worp, K. A., ed., (in collaboration with J. E. G. Whitehorne and R. W. Daniel), Greek Papyri from Kellis: I, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 1995.
  • Worp, K. A. and A. Rijksbaron, eds, The Kellis Isocrates Codex, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 1997.

Livre[modifier | modifier le code]

  • Kaper, O. E., The Egyptian God Tutu: A Study of the Sphinx-God and Master of Demons with a Corpus of Monuments, Peeters, Leuven, 2003.

Chapitres ou sections dans les ouvrages[modifier | modifier le code]

  • Alcock, A. and I. Gardner, “The Coptic Economic Texts from Kellis (Dakhleh Oasis)”, in S. Emmel, M. Krause, S. G. Richter and S. Schaten, eds, Ägypten und Nubien in spätantiker und christlicher Zeit 2: Akten des 6. Internationalen Koptologenkongresses Münster, 20.-26. Juli 1996, Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden, 1999, 231-238.
  • Alcock, A., I. Gardner and P. Mirecki, “Magical Spell, Manichaean Letter”, in P. Mirecki and J. BeDuhn, eds, Emerging from Darkness to Light, Brill, Leiden, 1997, 1-32.
  • Aufderheide, A. C., L. Cartmell and M. Zlonis, “Bio-anthropological Features of Human Mummies in Kellis 1 Cemetery: The Database for Mummification Methods”, in G. E. Bowen and C. A. Hope, eds, The Oasis Papers 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2003, 137-151.
  • Bagnall, R. S. and K. A. Worp, “Family Papers from Second-Century A.D. Kellis”, in A. J. Mills, ed., Oasis Papers 4, in press.
  • Bagnall, R. S. and K. A. Worp, “An Inscribed Pedestal from the Temple of Tutu”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 49-51.
  • Bagnall, R. S. and K. A. Worp, “Two 4th Century Accounts from Kellis”, in H. Malaerts, ed., Papyri in honorem Johannis Bingen Octogenarii, Peeters, Leuven, 2000, 495-509.
  • Berry, M., “The Study of Pigments from Shrine I at Ismant el-Kharab”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 53-60.
  • Birrel, M., “Excavations in the Cemeteries of Ismant el-Kharab”, in C. A. Hope and A. J. Mills, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1992-1993 and 1993-1994 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 1999, 29-41.
  • Blondaux, L., “Conservation of Archaeological Wall Paintings in the Temple of Tutu”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 61-63.
  • Bowen, G. E., “The Small East Church at Ismant el-Kharab”, in G. E. Bowen and C. A. Hope, eds, The Oasis Papers 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2003, 153-165.
  • Bowen, G. E., “Some Observations on Christian Burial Practices at Kellis”, in G. E. Bowen and C. A. Hope, eds, The Oasis Papers 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2003, 167-182.
  • Bowen, G. E., “The Fourth-Century Churches at Ismant el-Kharab”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 65-85.
  • Bowen, G. E., “Textiles, Basketry and Leather Goods from Ismant el-Kharab”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 87-104.
  • Bowen, G. E., “A suggested interpretation of the coin-finds of Ismant el-Kharab”, in C. A. Marlow and A. J. Mills, eds, Oasis Papers 1: The Proceedings of the First Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2001, 60-64.
  • Bowen, G. E., “The Coinage: A Preliminary Report”, in C. A. Hope and A. J. Mills, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1992-1993 and 1993-1994 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 1999, 43-47.
  • Churcher, C. S., “Faunal Remains from Kellis”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 105-113.
  • Coombs, C. E., A. L. Woodhead and J. S. Church, “Report on the Characterization of Three Fabric Samples from Ismant el-Kharab”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 115-119.
  • Dobrowolski, J., “Remarks on the Construction Stages of the Main Temple and Shrines I-II”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 121-128.
  • Dunsmore, A., “Ceramics from Ismant el-Kharab”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 129-142.
  • Dupras, T. L. and M. W. Tocheri, “A Preliminary Analysis of the Human Skeletal Remains from North Tombs 1 and 2”, in G. E. Bowen and C. A. Hope, eds, The Oasis Papers 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2003, 183-196.
  • Dupras, T. L. and M. W. Tocheri, “Preliminary Analysis of the Human Skeletal Remains from South Tomb 4”, in G. E. Bowen and C. A. Hope, eds, The Oasis Papers 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2003, 197-199.
  • Eccleston, M. A. J., “Metalworking at Kellis: A Preliminary Report”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 143-149.
  • Gardner, I., “Report on the editing of both the Coptic and the Manichaean Texts from Ismant el-Kharab”, in G. E. Bowen and C. A. Hope, eds, The Oasis Papers 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2003, 201-205.
  • Gardner, I., “The Coptic Texts from Ismant el-Kharab: Report on Work in Progress 1995-1997”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 151-152.
  • Gardner, I., “He has Gone to the Monastery..”, in R. E. Emmerick, W. Sundermann and P. Zieme, eds, Studia Manichaica: Proceedings of the IVth International Conference of Manichaean Studies, Berlin 1997, Berlin, 2000, 247-257.
  • Gardner, I., “Progress on the Coptic Texts from Ismant el-Kharab”, in C. A. Hope and A. J. Mills, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1992-1993 and 1993-1994 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 1999, 49-51.
  • Gardner, I., “The Manichaean Community at Kellis”, in P. Mirecki and J. BeDuhn, eds, Emerging from Darkness to Light, Brill, Leiden, 1997, 161-175.
  • Gardner, I., “Personal Letters from the Manichaean Community at Kellis”, in L. Cirillo and A. van Tongerloo, eds, Atti del Terzo Congresso Internationale di Studi “Manicheismo e Oriente Christiano Antico”, Arcavacata di Rende – Amantea, 31 agosto – 5 settembre 1993, Brepols, Leuven, 1997, 77-94.
  • Gardner, I., “An abbreviated version of the Medinet Madi psalm LXVIII found at Kellis”, in A. van Tongerloo, ed., The Manichaean ΝΟΥΣ, Peeters, Leuven, 1995, 129-338.
  • Gardner, I., “Glory be to Mani”, in Divitiae Aegypti, Harrasowitz, Weisbaden, 1995, 115-112.
  • Hickson, K., “Excavations in Area C at Ismant el-Kharab in 1996-1997”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 157-166.
  • Hope, C. A., "The Kellis 1 Cemetery: Roman period burial practices in Dakhleh Oasis" in G Tallet & C Zivie-Coche (eds) Le Myrte & La Rose: Mélanges offerts à Françoise Dunand par ses élèves, collègues et amis, Montpellier.
  • Hope, C. A., “Ostraka and the Archaeology of Ismant el-Kharab”, in K. A. Worp, ed., Greek Ostraka from Kellis, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2004, 5-27.
  • Hope, C. A., (with contributions by O. E. Kaper and H. Whitehouse), “The Excavations at Ismant el-Kharab from 2000 to 2002”, in G. E. Bowen and C. A. Hope, eds, The Oasis Papers 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2003, 207-289.
  • Hope, C. A., (with an Appendix by G. E. Bowen), “Excavations in the Settlement of Ismant el-Kharab in 1995-1999”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 167-208.
  • Hope, C. A., “Observations on the dating of the occupation at Ismant el-Kharab”, in C. A. Marlow and A. J. Mills, eds, Oasis Papers 1: The Proceedings of the First Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2001, 43-59.
  • Hope, C. A., “Dakhla Oasis, Ismant el-Kharab”, in K. Bard, ed.,Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, Routledge, London and New York, 1999, 222-226.
  • Hope, C. A., “Pottery Manufacture in the Dakhleh Oasis”, in C. S. Churcher and A. J. Mills, eds, Reports from the Survey of the Dakhleh Oasis, Western Desert of Egypt, 1978-1987, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 1999, 215-243.
  • Hope, C. A., “The Archaeological Context”, in I. Gardner, A. Alcock and W.-P. Funk, eds, Coptic Documentary Texts from Kellis, Volume 1, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 1999, 96-122.
  • Hope, C. A., “Objects from the Temple of Tutu”, in W. Clarysse, A. Schoors and H. Willems, eds, Egyptian Religion: The Last Thousand Years, Part II. Studies Dedicated to the Memory of Jan Quaegebeur, Peeters, Leuven, 1998, 803-858.
  • Hope, C. A., “The Find Context of the Kellis Agricultural Account Book”, in R. S. Bagnall, ed., The Kellis Agricultural Account Book, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 1997, 5-16.
  • Hope, C. A. and J. McKenzie, “Interim Report on the West Tombs”, in C. A. Hope and A. J. Mills, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1992-1993 and 1993-1994 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 1999, 53-68.
  • Hope, C. A. and H. V. Whitehouse, "A painted residence at Ismany el-Kharab (Kellis) in the Dakhleh Oasis", Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2006.
  • Hope, C. A. and H. V. Whitehouse, “The Gladiator Jug from Ismant el-Kharab”, in G. E. Bowen and C. A. Hope, eds, The Oasis Papers 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2003, 291-310.
  • Jenkins, G., “Papyrus 1 from Kellis. A Greek text with affinities to the Acts of John”, in J. N. Bremmer, ed., The Apocryphal Acts of John, Kok Pharos, Kampen, 1995, 197-229.
  • Kaper, O. E., “The God Tutu at Kellis: On Two Stelae Found at Ismant el-Kharab in 2000”, in G. E. Bowen and C. A. Hope, eds, The Oasis Papers 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2003, 311-321.
  • Kaper, O. E., “The Decoration of North Tomb 1”, in G. E. Bowen and C. A. Hope, eds, The Oasis Papers 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2003, 323-330.
  • Kaper, O. E., “A Group of Priestly Dipinti in Shrine IV at Ismant el-Kharab”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 209-216.
  • Kaper, O. E., “Pharaonic-Style Decoration in the Mammisi at Ismant el-Kharab: New Insights after the 1996-1997 Field Season”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 217-223.
  • Kaper, O. E., “Epigraphy at Ismant el-Kharab: Interim Observations”, in C. A. Hope and A. J. Mills, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1992-1993 and 1993-1994 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 1999, 69-74.
  • Kaper, O. E., “Temple Building in the Egyptian deserts during the Roman Period”, in O. E. Kaper, ed., Life on the Fringe, Centre for Non-Western Studies, Leiden, 1998, 139-158.
  • Kaper, O. E., “The God Tutu in Behbeit el-Hagar and in Shenhur”, in W. Clarysse, A. Schoors and H. Willems, eds, Egyptian religion: The Last Thousand Years, Part I. Studies Dedicated to the Memory of Jan Quaegebeur, Peeters, Leuven, 1998, 139-157.
  • Kaper, O. E., “A painting of the gods of Dakhla in the temple of Ismant el-Kharab”, in S. Quirke, ed., The Temple in Ancient Egypt, British Museum Press, London, 1997, 204-215.
  • Kaper, O. E., “The Statue of Penbast. On the Cult of Seth in the Dakhleh Oasis”, in J. van Dijk, ed., Essays on Ancient Egypt in Honour of Herman te Velde, Styx Publications, Groningen, 1997, 231-240.
  • Kaper, O. E., “Doorway Decoration Patterns in the Dakhleh Oasis”, in D. Kuhrt, ed., 3. Ägyptologishe Tempeltagung, Harrasowitz, Weisbaden, 1995, 99-114.
  • Knudstad, J. E. and R. A. Frey, “Kellis: The Architectural Survey of the Romano-Byzantine Town at Ismant el-Kharab”, in C. S. Churcher and A. J. Mills, eds, Reports from the Survey of the Dakhleh Oasis 1977-1987, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 189-214.
  • Maggiano, C., T. L. Dupras and J. Biggerstaff, “Ancient Antibiotics: Evidence of Tetracycline in Human and Animal Bone from Kellis”, in G. E. Bowen and C. A. Hope, eds, The Oasis Papers 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2003, 331-344.
  • Marchini, C., “Glass from the 1993 Excavations at Ismant el-Kharab”, in C. A. Hope and A. J. Mills, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1992-1993 and 1993-1994 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 1999, 75-82.
  • Marlow, C. A., “Miscarriages and infant burials in the Dakhleh cemeteries: an archaeological examination of status”, in C. A. Marlow and A. J. Mills, eds, Oasis Papers 1: The Proceedings of the First Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2001, 105-110.
  • McGregor, C. C. “Reconstructing the Temple of Tutu using Three-Dimensional Computer Modelling”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 225-238.
  • McGregor, C. C., “The North and South Tomb Groups of Ismant el-Kharab, Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt”, in T. Denham and S. Blau, eds, Proceedings of the Second National Archaeology Students’ Conference 1999, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, 2000, 23-29.
  • Molto, J. E., “Bio-archaeological Research of Kellis 2: An overview”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 239-255.
  • Molto, J. E., “Leprosy in Roman Period Burials from Kellis 2, Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt”, in C. Roberts, M. Lewis and K. Manchester, eds, Past and Present of Leprosy: Archaeological, Historical, Paleopathological and Clinical Approaches, Archaeopress, Oxford, 2002, 186-196.
  • Molto, J. E., “The comparative skeletal biology and paleoepidemiology of the people from Ein Tirghi and Kellis, Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt”, in C. A. Marlow and A. J. Mills, eds, Oasis Papers 1: The Proceedings of the First Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2001, 81-100.
  • Molto, J. E., P. Sheldrick, A. Cerroni and S. Haddow, “Late Roman Period Human Skeletal Remains from Areas D/6 and D/7 and North Tomb 1”, in G. E. Bowen and C. A. Hope, eds, The Oasis Papers 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2003, 345-363.
  • Molto, J. E., J. D. Stewart and P. J. Reimer, “The Chronology of Kellis 2: The Interpretative Significance of Radiocarbon Dating of Human Remains”, in G. E. Bowen and C. A. Hope, eds, The Oasis Papers 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2003, 373-378.
  • Parr, R. L., “Mitochonrial DNA Sequence Analysis of Skeletal Remains from the Kellis 2 Cemetery”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 257-261.
  • Patten, S. F., “Brief Report on the Study of the Ceramics”, in C. A. Hope and A. J. Mills, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1992-1993 and 1993-1994 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 1999, 83-88.
  • Ross, A. and B. Stern, “A Preliminary Report on the Analysis of Organic Materials from Ismant el-Kharab”, in G. E. Bowen and C. A. Hope, eds, The Oasis Papers 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2003, 365-371.
  • Schweitzer, A., “Les parures de cartonnage des momies d’une nécropole d’Ismant el-Kharab”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 269-276.
  • Sharpe, J. L., III, “Codicological Observations”, in K. A. Worp and A. Rijksbaron, eds, The Kellis Isocrates Codex, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 1997, 9-21.
  • Sharpe, J. L., III, “Codicology”, in R. S. Bagnall, ed., The Kellis Agricultural Account Book, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 1997, 17-20.
  • Sharpe, J. L., III, “The Dakhleh Tablets and Some Codicological Considerations”, in É. Lalou, ed., Les tablettes à écrire de l'antiquitié à l'époque moderne. Actes du colloque international du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris, Institut de France, 10-11 octobre 1990, Brepols, Turnhout, 1992, 127-148.
  • Sheldrick, P. G. and M. L. Cook, “Microns, microbes, microscopes and molecules”, in C. A. Marlow and A. J. Mills, eds, Oasis Papers 1: The Proceedings of the First Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2001, 101-104.
  • Stevens, A., “Terracottas from Ismant el-Kharab”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 277-295.
  • Stewart, J. D., J. E. Molto and P. J. Reimer, “The Chronology of Kellis 2: The Interpretative Significance of Radiocarbon”, in G. E. Bowen and C. A. Hope, eds, The Oasis Papers 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2003, 373-378.
  • Thanheiser, U., (with contributions by J. Walter and C. A. Hope), “Roman Agriculture and Gardening in Egypt as seen from Kellis”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 299-310.
  • Thanheiser, U., “Plant Remains from Ismant el-Kharab: First Results”, in C. A. Hope and A. J. Mills, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1992-1993 and 1993-1994 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 1999, 89-93.
  • Whitehorne, J., “The Kellis writing tablets: their manufacture and use”, in D. M. Bailey, ed., Archaeological Research in Roman Egypt: The Proceedings of the Seventeenth Classical Colloquium of the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities, British Museum, held on 1-4 December, 1993, Journal of Roman Archaeology, Supplementary Series 19, Ann Arbor, MI, 1996, 240-245.
  • Whitehorne, J., “A postscript about a wooden tablet book (P. Kellis 63)”, in A. Bülow-Jacobsen, ed., Proceedings of the 20th International Congress of Papyrology, Copenhagen, 23-29 August 1992, Museum Tusculanum Press, Copenhagen, 1994, 277-283.
  • Whitehouse, H., “Wall Paintings in Shrine IV of the Temple of Tutu”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 311-321.
  • Whitehouse, H., “Roman in Life, Egyptian in Death: the Painted Tomb of Petosiris in the Dakhleh Oasis”, in O. E. Kaper, ed., Life on the Fringe, Centre for Non-Western Studies, Leiden, 1998, 252-270.
  • Whitehouse, H., (with a note by C. A. Hope), “A Painted Panel of Isis”, in C. A. Hope and A. J. Mills, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1992-1993 and 1993-1994 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 1999, 95-100.
  • Worp, K. A., “A Mythological Ostrakon from Kellis”, in G. E. Bowen and C. A. Hope, eds, The Oasis Papers 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2003, 379-382.
  • Worp, K. A., “Short Texts from the Main Temple”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 333-349.
  • Worp, K. A., “The Greek documentary papyri from Kellis (Ismant el-Kharab): an interim report”, in C. A. Marlow and A. J. Mills, eds, Oasis Papers 1: The Proceedings of the First Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2001, 65-69.
  • Worp, K. A., “An Enigmatic Inscription”, in W. Clarysse, A. Schoors and H. Willems, eds, Egyptian Religion: The Last Thousand Years, Part II. Studies Dedicated to the Memory of Jan Quaegebeur, Peeters, Leuven, 1998, 843-844.
  • Worp, K. A. and C. A. Hope, “Dedication Inscriptions from the Main Temple”, in C. A. Hope and G. E. Bowen, eds, Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1999 Field Seasons, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, 323-331.
  • Worp, K. A. and C. A. Hope, “A Greek account on a clay tablet from the Dakhleh Oasis”, in H. Malaerts, ed., Papyri in honorem Johannis Bingen Octogenarii, Peeters, Leuven, 2000, 471-486.

Articles[modifier | modifier le code]

  • Aufderheide, A. C., M. Zlonis, L. Cartmell, M. R. Zimmerman, P. Sheldrick, M. Cook and J. E Molto, “Human Mummification Practices at Ismant el-Kharab”, Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 85, 1999, 193-210.
  • Bowen, G. E., “Early Christian Burial Practices at Kellis, Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt”, The Artefact 26, 2003, 77-88.
  • Bowen, G. E., “Texts and Textiles: A study of the textile industry at ancient Kellis”, The Artefact 24, 2001, 18-28.
  • Bowen, G. E., “The Small Church at Ismant el-Kharab”, Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 11, 2000, 29-34.
  • Bowen, G. E., “Textiles from Ismant el-Kharab”, Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 10, 1999, 7-12.
  • Bowen, G. E., T. Chandler, C. A. Hope and D. Martin, “Reconstructing Ancient Kellis Part II”, Buried History 42, 2006, 17-24.
  • Bowen, G. E., T. Chandler and D. Martin, “Reconstructing Ancient Kellis”, Buried History 41, 2005, 51-64.
  • Bowen, G. E., W. Dolling, C. A. Hope and P. Kucera, “Brief Report on the 2007 Excavations at Ismant el-Kharab”,Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 18, 2007, 21-52.
  • Bowen, G. E. and C. A. Hope, “The Excavations at Ismant el-Kharab in 1995/6 and 1996/7: A Brief Report”, Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 8, 1997, 49-64.
  • Bowen, G. E., C. A. Hope and O. E. Kaper, “A Brief Report on the Excavations at Ismant el-Kharab in 1992-1993”,Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 4, 1993, 17-28.
  • Gardner, I., “An Old Coptic Ostracon from Ismant el-Kharab?”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 125, 1999, 195-200.
  • Gardner, I., “A Manichaean Liturgical Codex found at Kellis”, Orientalia 62, 1993, 30-59.
  • Gardner, I., “The Manichaean Community at Kellis: Progress Report”, Manichaean Studies Newsletter 11, 1993, 18-26.
  • Gardner, I. and K. A. Worp, “Leaves from a Manichaean Codex”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 117, 1997, 139-155.
  • Gardner, I. M. F. and S. N. C. Lieu, “From Narmouthis (Medinet Madi) to Kellis (Ismant el-Kharab): Manichaean Documents from Roman Egypt”, Journal of Roman Studies LXXXVI, 1996, 146-169.
  • Hope, C. A., (with Appendices by H. Whitehouse and A. Warfe), “Report on the Excavations at Ismant el-Kharab and Mut el-Kharab in 2005”, Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 16, 2005, 35-83.
  • Hope, C. A., “The Excavations at Ismant el-Kharab and Mut el-Kharab in 2004”, Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 15, 2004, 19-49.
  • Hope, C. A., (with contributions by O. E. Kaper, H. Whitehouse and K. A. Worp), “Excavations at Mut el-Kharab and Ismant el-Kharab in 2001-2”, Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 13, 2002, 85-107.
  • Hope, C. A., “The Excavations at Ismant el-Kharab and Mut el-Kharab in 2001”, Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 12, 2001, 35-63.
  • Hope, C. A., “The Excavations at Ismant el-Kharab in 2000: A Brief Report”, Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 11, 2000, 49-66.
  • Hope, C. A., “The Excavations at Ismant el-Kharab in 1998/9: A Brief Report”, Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 10, 1999, 59-66.
  • Hope, C. A., “The Archaeological Context of the Discovery of Leaves from a Manichaean Codex”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 117, 1997, 156-161.
  • Hope, C. A., “Ismant el-Kharab (Ancient Kellis) in the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt”, Mediterranean Archaeology 8, 1995, 138-143.
  • Hope, C. A., “The Excavations at Ismant el-Kharab in 1995: A Brief Report”, Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 6, 1995, 51-58.
  • Hope, C. A., “Isis and Serapis at Kellis: A Brief Note”, Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 5, 1994, 37-42.
  • Hope, C. A., “Excavations at Ismant el-Kharab in the Dakhleh Oasis”, Egyptian Archaeology 5, 1994, 17-18.
  • Hope, C. A., “The 1991 Excavations at Ismant el-Kharab in the Dakhleh Oasis”, Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 2, 1991, 41-50.
  • Hope, C. A., “Excavations at Ismant el-Kharab in the Dakhleh Oasis”, Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology1, 1990, 43-54.
  • Hope, C. A., “Three Seasons of Excavation at Ismant el-Gharab in Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt”, Mediterranean Archaeology1, 1988, 160-178.
  • Hope, C. A., “The Dakhleh Oasis Project: Ismant el-Kharab 1989-1990”, Journal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities XVII, 1987, 157-176.
  • Hope, C. A., “Dakhleh Oasis Project: Report on the 1987 Excavations at Ismant el-Gharab”, Journal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities XVI, 1986, 74-91.
  • Hope, C. A., “Dakhleh Oasis Project: Report on the 1986 Excavations at Ismant el-Gharab”, Journal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities XV, 1985, 114-125.
  • Hope, C. A. and G. E. Bowen, “The Excavations at Ismant el-Kharab in 1995/6 and 1996/7: A Brief Report”, Bulletin of the Centre for Egyptology 8, 1997, 49-64.
  • Hope, C. A., G. E. Bowen, W. Dolling, C. Hubschmann, P. Kucera, R. Long and A. Stevens, “Report on the Excavations at Ismant el-Kharab and Mut el-Kharab in 2006”, Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 17, 2006, 23-67.
  • Hope, C. A., O. E. Kaper and G. E. Bowen, “Excavations at Ismant el-Kharab – 1992”, Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 3, 1992, 41-49.
  • Hope C. A., O. E. Kaper, H. Whitehouse and K. A. Worp, “Excavations at Mut el-Kharab and Ismant el-Kharab in 2001-2”, Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 13, 2002, 85-107.
  • Hope, C. A. and H. Whitehouse, “A painted residence at Ismant el-Kharab (Kellis) in the Dakhleh Oasis”, Journal of Roman Archaeology 19, 2006, 312-328.
  • Hussein, A. and G. Wagner, “Une dédicace grecque du grand temple d’Esment el-Kharab”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 101, 1994, 109-112.
  • Jenkins, G., “The prayer of the emanations in Greek from Kellis (T.Kellis 22)”, Le Muséon 108, 1995, 243-263.
  • de Jong, T. and K. A. Worp, “More Greek Horoscopes from Kellis (Dakhleh Oasis)”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 137, 2001, 203-214.
  • Kaper, O. E. and K. A. Worp, “A Bronze representing Tapsais of Kellis”, Revue d’Égyptologie 46, 1995, 107-118.
  • McGregor, C. C., “A virtual reconstruction of the inner enclosure of the Temple of Tutu, Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt”,Archaeological Computing Newsletter 56, 2000, 7-16.
  • Melaerts, H., “Les textes de Kellis”, Chronique d’Égypte LXXVI, 2001, 290-299.
  • Mills, A. J., ’31/420-D6-1′ in “The Dakhleh Oasis Project. Report on the Fourth Season of Survey. October 1981 – January 1982”, Journal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities XII, 1981, 93-101.
  • Molto, J. E., “Humeral Varus Deformity in Roman Period Burials from Kellis 2 Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 113, 103-109.
  • Patten, S. F., “Dakhleh Oasis, Ismant el-Kharab. Notes on pottery manufacture in Dakhleh Oasis; ancient and modern”, Bulletin du Groupe International d’Étude de la Céramique Égyptienne 15, 1991, 37-40.
  • Rijksbaron, A. and K. A. Worp, “Isocrates Bilinguis Berolinensis”, Mnemosyne LI, 1998, 718-722.
  • Sharpe, J. L., III, “Dakhleh Oasis Project: The Kellis codicies”, Journal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities XVII, 1987, 192-197.
  • Tocheri, M. W., T. L. Dupras, P. Sheldrick and J. E. Molto, “Roman Period Fetal Skeletons from the East Cemetery (Kellis 2) of Kellis, Egypt”, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 15, 2005, 326-341.
  • Worp, K. A., “A new wooden board from the temple at Kellis”, Arciv für Papyrusforschung 3, 1997, 1014-1020.

Notes et références[modifier | modifier le code]

  1. ↑ (en) G. Wagner, « Kellis: a Pleiades place resource », sur Pleiades: a gazetteer of past places, (consulté le )
  2. ↑ (en) Colin A. Hope et Gillian E. Bowen, Kellis : a Roman-period village in Egypt's Dakhleh Oasis, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, , 480 p. (ISBN 978-0-521-19032-9, DOI 10.1017/9780511844362, lire en ligne)
  3. ↑ (en) « Ismant el-Kharab, Ancient Kellis », sur School of Philosophical, Historical and International Studies (consulté le )
  4. ↑ Knudstad, J. E & R.A. Frey 1999, "Kellis, the Archaeological Survey of the Romano-Byzantine Town at Ismant el-Kharab", Reports from the Survey of the Dakhleh Oasis 1977-1987, C.S. Churcher and A.J. Mills eds, pages 95–96, Oxbow Books: Oxford.
  5. ↑ a et b Schweitzer, A. 2002, "Les parures des cartonnage des momies d’une nécrople d’Ismant el-Kharab", Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1998 Field Seasons, C.A. Hope & G.E. Bowen eds., page 270, Oxbow Books: Oxford.
  6. ↑ Hope, C.A. 2002 "Excavations in the Settlement of Ismant el-Kharab in 1995-1999", Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1994-1995 to 1998-1998 Field Seasons, C.A. Hope & G.E. Bowen eds., pages 205–206, Oxbow Books: Oxford.
  7. ↑ (en) Kaper, O. E., The Egyptian God Tutu : A Study of the Sphinx-God and Master of Demons with a Corpus of Monuments, Louvain, Peeters, , p.319
  8. ↑ Hope, C. A., 1988, "Three Seasons of Excavation at Ismant el-Gharab in Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt", Mediterranean Archaeology, vol. 1, pp. 160–178.
  9. ↑ « Egypt - Rare Books Exhibition » [archive du ], Lib.monash.edu.au, (consulté le )
  10. ↑ Håkon Teigen, The Manichaean church in Kellis, Brill, (ISBN 978-90-04-45977-9, OCLC 1240264765)
  11. ↑ (en-US) Mariam Sami, « Illuminating an Ancient Emissary of Light », sur Los Angeles Times, (consulté le )
  12. ↑ Rindi Nuzzolo, Carlo, 2017 "Graeco-Roman cartonnage from the Kellis 1 cemetery (Ismant el-Kharab - Dakhleh Oasis): the case of Tombs 10 and 25." In Burial and mortuary practices in late period and Graeco-Roman Egypt : proceedings of the International Conference held at Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest, 17-19 July 2014, Ed. Katalin Anna Kóthay, 307-311, pls. 70-72. Budapest: Museum of Fine Arts. DOI:10.26180/7835480.v1
  13. ↑ Rindi Nuzzolo, Carlo, 2020 "Broken faces: investigating evidence of regionalism in mummy mask fragments from the Kellis 1 cemetery", Dust, Demons and Pots Studies in Honour of Colin A. Hope, Peeters: Leuven. DOI:10.2307/j.ctv1q26ngg.53

Liens externes[modifier | modifier le code]