↑Ulbe Bosma et Remco Raben, Being "Dutch" in the Indies : A History of Creolisation and Empire, 1500–1920, National University of Singapore Press, , 11 avril 1996 éd., 186–286 p. (ISBN978-0-89680-261-2)
↑(en) Charles A. Coppel, Diaspora and hybridity: Peranakan Chinese culture in Indonesia, Routledge Handbook of the Chinese Diaspora, Chee-Beng Tan, p. 346-347