Hipitéis substráit Ghaeilise

Dar le Hipitéis substráit Ghaeilise, tá tionchar theangacha a bhí ann i nÉirinn roimh theacht na nGael san Iarnnaois le feiceáil sna Teangacha Gaelacha.

Teangacha neamh-Ind-Eorpacha

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Lonnaíodh Éire tar éis chúlú na clúid oighir c. 10,500 BC.[1] Meastar gur tháinig na teangacha Ind-Eorpacha i bhfad níos deireanaí, ag teacht in áit na teangacha dúchais. Moltar ámh go bhfuil tionchar na (d)teang(each)a úd fós ann trí fhianaise logainmneacha agus ainmneach pearsanta ach go háirithe,[2][3][4] bunaithe ar ainmneacha in Geografaíocht le Tolamaes.

Tá trí smaoineamh ann maidir le teacht na teangacha Ghaeilise go hÉirinn:

  1. le cultúr Bell Beaker c. 2500 BC
  2. ag tús na hIarnnaoise (c. 500 RC).[5]
  3. ach amháin sa chéad aois AD, le himirce tar éis choncas Rómhánach na Breataine.[6]

Focail neamh-Ind-Eorpach sa Ghaeilge

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Molann Gearóid Mac Eoin na focail a leanas:

  • bréifin
  • cufar, cuifre, cuipre[7]
  • fafall, fubhal[8]
  • lufe
  • slife[9]
  • strophais[10]

agus na logainmneacha a leanas:[11]

  • Bréifne
  • Crufait
  • Dún Gaifi
  • Faffand
  • Grafand
  • Grafrenn
  • Life/Mag Liphi
  • Máfat

Molann Peter Schrijver na focail a leanas:[12]

I staidéar eile, pléann sé roinnt smaoineamh mar mhalairt ar cháintí le Graham Isaac.[17]

Molann Ranko Matasović na focail a leanas:[18]

Cuireann sé in úil fosta go bhfuil focail ann i dteangacha Ceilteacha eile agus bunús neamh-Ind-Eorpach. Más fíor, is léir go raibh an substráit bhí le Gaeilge Chianach féin ach le Prótai-Cheiltis.[21]

Molann Gerry Smyth gur focal den substráit é Dothar[22] na Sean-Ghaeilge (An Dothra).[23]

Examples of words found in more than one branch of Celtic but with no obvious cognates outside Celtic include:

  • Meán-Ghaeilge ainder 'ógbhean', Meán-Bhreatnais Welsh anneir 'bearach', Gaillis anderon (Bascais andere 'bean')
  • Sean-Ghaeilge berr[24], Meán-Bhreatnais byrr, Gaillis Birrus (ainm)
  • Sean-Ghaeilge bran, Meán-Bhreatnais bran, Gaillis Brano- (m.s. Bran Ardchenn, Bran Becc mac Murchado agus Bran the Blessed)
  • Meán-Ghaeilge brocc, Meán-Bhreatnais broch, Gaillis Broco-, Béarla brock
  • Sean-Ghaeilge carpat 'carbad', Breatnais cerbyd, Gaillis carpento-, Carbanto-
  • Sean-Ghaeilge eó 'bradán', Meán- Breatnais ehawc, Gaillis *esoks, Laidin esox), Bascais izokin[25]
  • Sean-Ghaeilge cuit 'cuid', Meán-Breatnais peth, Gaulish * pettia, Latin petia, Francais pièce)
  • Sean-Ghaeilge molt, Meán-Breatnais mollt, Gaillis Moltus (ainm), Francais mouton, Béarla mutton
  • Sean-Ghaeilge adarc, Bascais adar.[18]

Féach freisin

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Tagairtí

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  1. ↑ "Bear bone opens new chapter in Ireland's archaeology". The Irish Times (21ú Márta 2016).
  2. ↑ Stephen Oppenheimer, The Origins of the British (2009).
  3. ↑ Indo-European and non-Indo-European aspects to the languages and place-names in Britain and Ireland: the state of the art, le George Broderick, in 'From the Russian rivers to the North Atlantic' (2010), ll. 29–63.
  4. ↑ Adams, G.B. (1980). "Place-names from pre-Celtic languages in Ireland and Britain". Nomina 4: 46–63. 
  5. ↑ Villar Liébana, Francisco (2001). "Celtas y Vettones" (as es): 115–121. Diputación Provincial de Ávila. 
  6. ↑ Schrijver, Peter (2014). "Language Contact and the Origins of the Germanic Languages": 79–85. Nua Eabhrac, Londain: Routledge. 
  7. ↑ ? cuipre, carthanach, ar eDIL
  8. ↑ fafall, brocamas(?), ar eDIL
  9. ↑ slife?, ar eDIL
  10. ↑ strophais[nasc briste go buan], clúdach tuí, ar eDIL
  11. ↑ "The Celtic Languages in Contact" (26–27 July 2007). Potsdam University Press. 
  12. ↑ Schrijver, Peter. "Non-Indo-European surviving in Ireland in the first millennium AD". Ériu 51. 
  13. ↑ patu, giorra, ar eDIL
  14. ↑ 2 pell, capall, ar eDIL
  15. ↑ pít, roinnt bia, ar eDIL
  16. ↑ 1 pluc, toirt/meall cruinn, ar eDIL
  17. ↑ Schrijver, Peter. "More on Non-Indo-European surviving in Ireland in the first millennium AD". Ériu 55. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Matasović, Ranko (2019-04-15). "The substratum in Insular Celtic" (as en). Gorgias Press. doi:10.31826/9781463235406-010. 
  19. ↑ 1 dega, ciaróg, ar eDIL
  20. ↑ 1 nes(s), eas (ainmhí), ar eDIL
  21. ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009). "Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic". Leiden: Brill. 
  22. ↑ dothar ar eDIL
  23. ↑ Smyth, Gerry (18ú Iúil 2001). "Space and the Irish Cultural Imagination". Springer. 
  24. ↑ berr, gearr, ar eDIL
  25. ↑ Trask, R. Larry (2008). "Etymological Dictionary of Basque". Falmer, UK: University of Sussex.  Curtha i gcartlann 2011-06-07 ar an Wayback Machine