IPA don Ghaeilge

Aicearra

• WP:IPA-ga

Taispeánann na cairteanna thíos Aibítir Idirnáisiúnta Foghraíochta (AIF) fuaimnithe na Gaeilge in ailt ar an Vicipéid. Féach fóineolaíocht na Gaeilge le tuilleadh plé ar an bhfóineolaíocht a fheiceáil.

Consain
leathan[1]		caol[2]		Neasleaganacha sa Bhéarla
IPA	Sampla	IPA	Sampla
b	bain, scuab	bʲ	béal, cnáib	boot; beautiful
d	dorn, nead	dʲ	dearg, cuid	do (but dental), though in Hiberno-English; dew
f	fós, graf pholl	fʲ	fíon, stuif phríosún	fool; fuel
ɡ	gasúr, bog	ɟ	geata, carraig	goose; argue
ɣ	dhorn ghasúr	j	dhearg gheata	(no equivalent); yellow
h[3]	Shasana, shean thaisce, theanga hata, na héisc			hand
k	cáis, mac	c	ceist, mic	coot; cute
l̪ˠ}}[4]	labhair, balla	l̠ʲ[4]	leabhair, goilleadh	filth; million
lˠ[4]	fhlaith, bealach	lʲ[4]	fhleasc, goile	pool; leaf
m	mór, am	mʲ	milis, im	moot; mute
n̪ˠ[5]	naoi, donna	n̠ʲ[5]	ní, bainne	tenth; inch
nˠ[5]	dona	nʲ[5]	bainis	noon; new
ŋ	ngasúr	ɲ	ngeata	lasagna
p	poll, stop	pʲ	príosún, truip	poor; pure
ɾ	rí, cuairt, barr, cairr	ɾʲ	fhréamh, tirim	rule (but tapped); real (but tapped)
s	Sasana, tús, speal	ʃ	sean, cáis	soon; sheet
t	taisce, ceart	tʲ	tír, beirt	tool (but dental), thorn in Hiberno-English; tune
w[6]	bhain, dubh mhór, léamh vóta	vʲ	bhéal, sibh mhilis, nimh veidhlín	have or wallow; view
x	cháis, taoiseach	ç	cheist, deich	loch (Scottish English); hue (pronounced strongly)

Gutaí
IPA	Samplaí	Neasleagan sa Bhéarla
a	mac	up
aː	tá	father
ɛ	ceist	best
eː	mé, Gael	air
ɪ	ith, duine	kit
iː	mín	mean
ɔ	olc, deoch	cloth
oː	bó, ceol	roll
ʊ	dubh, fliuch	good
uː	tú	too
ə	solas, milis	sofa
iə[7]	bia	idea
uə[7]	fuar	truer
əi[7]	saghas	light (pronounced lazily)
əu[7]	leabhar	boat

Suprasegmentals
IPA	Explanation
ˈ	Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable); usually the first syllable except in Munster
ˌ	Secondary stress (usually found only in compounds)

Comparison to other phonetic transcription schemes

Materials published elsewhere use somewhat different conventions from those used at Wikipedia. Mar shampla, it is a longstanding tradition to leave velarized ("broad") consonants unmarked and mark palatalized ("slender") consonants leis an phrím, cé nach gnáthúsáid IPA é seo .

This section compares the IPA system used at Wikipedia (which is based on that used by Ailbhe Ní Chasaide in her description of Irish in the Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, ISBN 0-521-63751-1) with the system used in some other works.

IPA	Ní Chasaide (1999)[8] (Gaoth Dobhair)	Quiggin (1906)[9] (Na Gleannta)	Breatnach (1947)[10] (Rinn)	Ó Sé (2000)[11] (Corca Dhuimhne)	Mhac an Fhailigh (1968)[12] (Iorras)	Ó Siadhail (1988)[13] (Cois Fharraige)	Foclóir Póca (1993)[14] (Lárchanúint)
Teimpléad:Már	a	æ, α	a	a	a	æ:, a:	a
Teimpléad:Ard	æ	α:	a:	ɑː	a:	ɑ:	a:
Teimpléad:Ard	bˠ	b	b	b	b	b	b
Teimpléad:Ard	bʲ	b′	b′	b′	b′	b′	b′
Teimpléad:Ard	c	k′	k′	k′	k′	k′	k′
Teimpléad:Ard	ç	ç	ç	x′	ç	x′	x′
Teimpléad:Ard	d̪ˠ	d	d	d	d	d	d
Teimpléad:Ard	d̠ʲ	d′	d′	d′	d′	d′	d′
Teimpléad:Ard	e	e:	e:	eː	e:	e:	e:
Teimpléad:Ard	ɛ	ɛ, e	e	e	e	e	e
Teimpléad:Ard	ə	ə	ə	ə, ɪ	ə	ə	ə
Teimpléad:Ard	—	αi	əi	ai	əi	ai	ai
Teimpléad:Ard	au	αu	əu	ou	əu	au	au
Teimpléad:Ard	fˠ	f	f	f	f	f	f
Teimpléad:Ard	fʲ	f′	f′	f′	f′	f′	f′
Teimpléad:Ard	ɡ	g	g	ɡ	g	g	g
Teimpléad:Ard	ɣ	ℊ	γ	ɣ	ɣ	ɣ	γ
Teimpléad:Ard	h	h	h, h′	h	h	h	h
Teimpléad:Ard	i	i:	i:	iː	i:	i:	i:
Teimpléad:Ard	ɪ	ï, i, y	i	i	i	i	i
Teimpléad:Ard	ia	iə	iə	iːə	iə	i:ə	iə
Teimpléad:Ard	j	j	j	ɣ′	j	ɣ′	γ′
Teimpléad:Ard	ɟ	g′	g′	ɡ′	g′	g′	g′
Teimpléad:Ard	k	k	k	k	k	k	k
Teimpléad:Ard	l̪ˠ	L	l	l	L	L	l
Teimpléad:Ard		l			l
Teimpléad:Ard	l̠ʲ	L′	l′	l′	L′	L′	l′
Teimpléad:Ard	l	l′			l′	l′
Teimpléad:Ard	mˠ	m	m	m	m	m	m
Teimpléad:Ard	mʲ	m′	m′	m′	m′	m′	m′
Teimpléad:Ard	n̪ˠ	N	n	n	N	N	n
Teimpléad:Ard	n	n			n
Teimpléad:Ard	n̠ʲ	N′	n′	n′	N′	N′	n′
Teimpléad:Ard		n′			n′	n′
Teimpléad:Ard	ɲ	ɲ	ŋ′	ŋ′	ŋ′	ŋ′	ŋ′
Teimpléad:Ard	ŋ	ŋ	ŋ	ŋ	ŋ	ŋ	ŋ
Teimpléad:Ard	o	o:, ɔ:	o:	oː	o:	o:	o:
Teimpléad:Ard	ʌ	ɔ, o̤	o	o	o	o	o
Teimpléad:Ard	pˠ	p	p	p	p	p	p
Teimpléad:Ard	pʲ	p′	p′	p′	p′	p′	p′
Teimpléad:Ard	ɾˠ	r, R	r	r	r	r	r
Teimpléad:Ard	ɾʲ	r′	r′	r′	r′	r′	r′
Teimpléad:Ard	sˠ	s	s	s	s	s	s
Teimpléad:Ard	ɕ	ʃ	ʃ	ʃ	ʃ	s′	s′
Teimpléad:Ard	t̪ˠ	t	t	t	t	t	t
Teimpléad:Ard	t̠ʲ	t′	t′	t′	t′	t′	t′
Teimpléad:Ard	u	u:	u:	uː	u:	u:	u:
Teimpléad:Ard	ɤ	U	u	u	u	u	u
Teimpléad:Ard	ua	uə	uə	uːə	uə	u:ə	uə
Teimpléad:Ard	vʲ	v	v′	v′	v′	w′	v′
Teimpléad:Ard	w	w	v	v	w	w	v
Teimpléad:Ard	x	χ	x	x	x	x	x

Notes

1. Irish makes contrasts between velarized ("broad") and palatalized ("slender") consonants. Velarized consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ‹ˠ›, are pronounced with the back of the tongue raised toward the velum, which happens to the /l/ in English pill in some accents, like RP and General American, but not in Hiberno-English. In Irish orthography, broad consonants are surrounded by the letters ‹a›, ‹o›, ‹u›. Note that the superscript character ‹ˠ› is not a capital "Y" but a Greek lowercase gamma, ‹γ›.
2. "Slender" (palatalized) consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ‹ʲ›, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate, in a manner similar to the articulation of the ‹y› sound in yes. In Irish orthography, slender consonants are surrounded by the letters ‹e›, ‹i›.
3. /h/ is neither broad nor slender.
4. Few if any modern dialects of Irish distinguish all four types of "l" sound. Most dialects have merged /l̪ˠ/ and /lˠ/ as /l̪ˠ/, and some have also merged /l̠ʲ/ and /lʲ/ as /lʲ/. Still others have merged /lˠ/ and /lʲ/ as /l/.
5. Few if any modern dialects of Irish distinguish all four types of "n" sound. Most dialects have merged /n̪ˠ/ and /nˠ/ as [n̪ˠ], and some have also merged /n̠ʲ/ and /nʲ/ as [nʲ]. Still others have merged /nˠ/ and /nʲ/ as Teimpléad:IPAblink. In parts of Munster, /n̠ʲ/ has merged with /ɲ/ in non-initial position.
6. Also v in some positions in some dialects.
7. All Irish diphthongs have falling sonority; they could therefore more precisely be transliterated as iə̯, uə̯, əi̯, əu̯.
8. Ní Chasaide, Ailbhe (1999). "Handbook of the International Phonetic Association": 111–16. Cambridge University Press. Dáta rochtana: 2009-01-21. 
9. Quiggin, E. C. (1906). "A Dialect of Donegal: Being the Speech of Meenawannia in the Parish of Glenties". Cambridge University Press. 
10. Breatnach, Risteard B. (1947). "The Irish of Ring, Co. Waterford". Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. 
11. Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000). "Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne" (as Irish). Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann. 
12. Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn (1968). "The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo". Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. 
13. Ó Siadhail, Mícheál (1988). "Learning Irish: An Introductory Self-tutor". New Haven: Yale University Press. 
14. "Foclóir póca: English-Irish/Irish-English dictionary" (1993). Dublin: An Gúm. 

Teimpléad:IPA keys horizontal