ભારતીય એક્સપ્રેસમાર્ગો

This article is about ભારતીય એક્સપ્રેસમાર્ગો. For ભારતીય રાષ્ટ્રીય ધોરીમાર્ગો, see રાષ્ટ્રીય ધોરીમાર્ગો (ભારત).
The Mumbai-Pune Expressway as seen from Khandala

An expressway is a controlled-access highway; it is a highway that controls entrances to it and exits from it by incorporating the design of the slip roads for entry and exit into the design of the highway itself.[૧] Access-control should not be confused with collection of toll. An expressway may be free to use and may not collect toll at all. Expressways are the highest class of roads in the Indian Road Network. These are six- or eight-lane highways with controlled-access. India has approximately 942 km expressways.

National Highway system of India consists of approximately 10,000 kilometres (6,200 mi) of four-laned highways that collect toll from users but do not have control of access and cannot be called expressways. Currently, a massive project is underway to expand the highway network and the Government of India plans to add an additional 18,637 kilometres (11,580 mi) of expressways to the network by the year 2022.[૨] These roads will be access-controlled roads and will feature between four and six lanes with 3,530 kilometres (2,190 mi) km to come up by 2015. The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways is already in the process of preparing a draft for creation of a National Expressways Authority of India (NEAI) on the lines of NHAI.[૩]

Expressways

[ફેરફાર કરો]
Durgapur Expressway in the Indian state of West Bengal, part of NH 2

Existing

[ફેરફાર કરો]

This list includes roads without access-control. Such a road cannot be called "expressway" though the name of the road may include the word "expressway" and may be a misnomer. Such a road should be excluded from this list. Eastern and Western Express Highways in Mumbai are two examples of such roads. Ambala-Chandigarh NH is another such example as it does not have access control for entry and exit at predetermined points. As stated above, access-control is different from collection of toll.

Expressway Name Distance State
1 Ahmedabad Vadodara Expressway 95 kilometres (59 mi) ગુજરાત
2 Mumbai-Pune Expressway 93 kilometres (58 mi) મહારાષ્ટ્ર
3 Jaipur-Kishangarh Expressway 90 kilometres (56 mi) રાજસ્થાન
4 Allahabad Bypass Expressway 86 kilometres (53 mi) ઉત્તર પ્રદેશ
5 Durgapur Expressway 65 kilometres (40 mi) પશ્ચિમ બંગાળ
6 Ambala-Chandigarh Expressway 35 kilometres (22 mi) હરિયાણા/પંજાબ
7 Chennai Bypass 32 kilometres (20 mi) તમિલનાડુ
8 Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway 28 kilometres (17 mi) દિલ્હી/હરિયાણા
9 Noida-Greater Noida Expressway 24.53 kilometres (15.24 mi) દિલ્હી/ઉત્તર પ્રદેશ
10 Delhi Noida Direct Flyway 9.2 kilometres (5.7 mi) દિલ્હી/ઉત્તર પ્રદેશ
11 Hyderabad Elevated Expressways 11.6 kilometres (7.2 mi) આંધ્ર પ્રદેશ
12 Hosur Road Elevated Expressway(Bangalore) 9.985 kilometres (6.204 mi) કર્ણાટક
13 Kona Expressway 8 kilometres (4.97 mi)* પશ્ચિમ બંગાળ
14 Outer Ring Road (Hyderabad) 158 kilometres (98 mi) આંધ્ર પ્રદેશ
15 Raipur-Bhilai-Durg Expressway 26 kilometres (16 mi) છત્તીસગઢ
16 Yamuna Expressway 165 kilometres (103 mi) ઉત્તર પ્રદેશ
17 Bangalore–Mysore Infrastructure Corridor 111 kilometres (69 mi) કર્ણાટક
18 Lucknow Amar Shaheed Path, Elevated access controlled stretch 49 kilometres (30 mi) ઉત્તર પ્રદેશ
19 Mumbai Nashik Expressway 150 kilometres (93 mi) મહારાષ્ટ્ર
20 City of Kanpur's Elevated Bypass 25 kilometres (16 mi) ઉત્તર પ્રદેશ
21 Bangalore-Outer Ring Road] 62 kilometres (39 mi) કર્ણાટક
22 Bangalore-Nelamangala Elevated expressway on Tumkur Road 19.5 kilometres (12.1 mi) કર્ણાટક
23 Eastern Freeway 22 kilometres (14 mi) મહારાષ્ટ્ર
કુલ 1,208.19 kilometres (750.73 mi)
  • Ambala Chandigarh Expressway The Ambala Chandigarh Expressway is four-lane 35 km long,[1] high-traffic density corridor of Ambala-Chandigarh section (km 5.735 to km 39.960 on NH-22 and 0 km to 0.871 km on NH 21) on BOT basis, was completed in 30 months at a cost of 298 crore (US$55 million)[2] The expressway has been operational since December 2009 and was constructed by the GMR Group with assistance from the World Bank.
  • Mumbai Pune Expressway The Mumbai-Pune Expressway is India's first six-lane, concrete, high-speed, tolled, access-controlled, 93 kilometres (58 mi) long expressway. It connects Mumbai, the commercial capital of India, to the neighbouring educational and information technology-oriented city of Pune. With its smoothly paved concrete construction, this highway is unlike most other roads in India. This expressway offers a scenic drive between Mumbai and Pune and reduced the travel time between these two commercially important cities from 4–5 hours on the old NH4 to 2–3 hours.
    • Highway features
      • 6-lane concrete highway with 7m-wide divider. An extra lane provided on each side as a hard shoulder.
      • Separate tunnels for traffic in each direction.
      • Complete fencing to avoid humans and animals crossing the expressway.
      • No two-wheelers, three-wheelers or tractor vehicles allowed.
      • Provision of petrol pumps, motels, workshops, toilets, emergency phones, first aid, breakdown vans, etc.
      • Proposed planting of 80,000 trees along the Expressway.
  • Ahmedabad Vadodara Expressway is also known as National Expressway 1 (India). It was originally planned during the 1970s, but was delayed for decades due to land-usage and political issues. These issues were resolved in the 1990s, and the expressway opened in 2004. The expressway cuts the journey between the two cities to less than 1-hour. This expressway was India's first four-lane expressway project, and includes minor bridges and canal crossings, interchanges at Nadiad and Anand, cross-drainage works, rest areas, and related structures, for a length of 95 kilometres (59 mi).[૪][૫]
  • Mumbai Nashik Expressway is a 6-lane (extendable to 8 lanes), 150 kilometres (93 mi) km long, expressway connecting Mumbai to Nashik. [2] The total cost of the project is 40 billion (US$728 million). [1] At the time when this project was awarded, it was the largest BOT road project in India. The project involves increasing the number of lanes on the 99.5 km Vadape-Gonde (Mumbai-Nasik) section of the National Highway-3 to four. It also includes an elevated corridor at Nashik, The Pimpalgaon-Nasik-Gonde road project will serve Nashik with a 6 km long elevated corridor, seven flyovers, two major bridges, six vehicular under passes, six pedestrian under passes and a subway. The project is a part of the Mumbai-Agra National Highway-3 route. The seven flyovers will ensure smooth flow of traffic towards Mumbai as well as Agra. The flyover at Pathardi will be India's longest integrated flyover. Once the construction of the elevated corridor is complete, Nashik will get India's first externally strutted segmental box girder.
  • Yamuna Expressway is a 6-lane (extendable to 8 lanes), 165 kilometres (103 mi) km long, controlled-access expressway, connecting Greater Noida with Agra in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.[૬][૭] It is India's longest six-laned controlled-access expressway stretch.
  • Durgapur Expressway is 65 kilometres (40 mi) long,[૮] linking Dankuni with Memari on Grand Trunk Road, now allows fast communication between Kolkata and Durgapur.

Under construction

[ફેરફાર કરો]
Expressway Name Distance State
1 Western Freeway Mumbai 25.33 kilometres (15.74 mi)* Maharashtra
2 Sion Panvel Expressway 25 kilometres (16 mi) Maharashtra
3 Nagpur–Aurangabad–Mumbai Expressway 700 kilometres (430 mi) Maharashtra
4 Kundli ManesarPalwal Expressway(KMP) 135.6 kilometres (84.3 mi) Haryana
5 Delhi Eastern Peripheral Expressway 135 kilometres (84 mi) Uttar Pradesh/Haryana
6 Pathankot Ajmer Expressway 600 kilometres (370 mi) Punjab/Rajasthan
7 Ganga Expressway 1,047 kilometres (651 mi) Uttar Pradesh
8 Bamroli Althan Expressway 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) Gujarat
9 Upper Ganga Canal Expressway 150 kilometres (93 mi) Uttar Pradesh
10 Chennai Port Maduravoyal Expressway 19 kilometres (12 mi) Tamil Nadu
11 Hyderabad ORR 158 kilometres (98 mi) Andhra Pradesh
12 Raipur-Bilaspur Expressway[૯] 126 kilometres (78 mi) Chhattisgarh
13 Ganga Expressway 21.5 kilometres (13.4 mi) Uttar Pradesh
14 Jaipur-Delhi Expressway 235 kilometres (146 mi) Rajasthan/Haryana/Delhi
15 Pune-Solapur Expressway 110 kilometres (68 mi)[૧૦] Maharashtra
Total length of Expressways 3,401.93 kilometres (2,113.86 mi) 16 Loknayak Ganga Path 21.5 kilometres (13.4 mi)[૧૧] Bihar
Total length of Expressways 3,401.93 kilometres (2,113.86 mi)
  • Nagpur–Aurangabad–Mumbai expressway This highway is a project connecting two major cities Nagpur & Aurangabad in Maharashtra to the capital city of Mumbai via the same link-route and in less than the distance covered by the NH 6. The new road theoretically saves 65 km distance between the two cities and the travel time of nearly one-and-half hours.[1] Though said so, ironically, if developed with 4 lane basis, as declared earlier by the State Public Works Dept., this highway can save more than 8 hrs of time between Nagpur and Mumbai, as compared to NH 6.Though approved on 23 Dec 1999,[2] its major development started in late 2002 and it is now completed almost 60%, by the end of 2011. The Aurangabad – Mumbai sector is already started with full flow of traffic, while the Nagpur – Aurangabad sector is still under construction and expected to be completed soon (by the end of 2015 ). It is expected to share the major direct road traffic between these cities, including almost 30–40% of traffic from NH 6. Proposed expessway alignment is Nagpur – (via NH7) – Butibori – (via MSH3 / NH204) – Wardha – Pulgaon – Talegaon(S) – Karanja Lad – Malegaon(Washim) –Mehkar – Sindhkhedraja – Jalna – Aurangabad – Vaijapur – Sawantsar – Pun-tamba – Zagade – Sinnar – Ghoti – (via NH 3) – Kalyan – Mumbai.
  • Kundli Manesar Palwal Expressway(KMP) Delhi Western Peripheral Expressway, also known as the Kundli-Manesar-Palwal (KMP) expressway, will act as a bypass for vehicles transiting Delhi and relieve Delhi of congestion of heavy night traffic. It takes off from NH1 at Kundli (Haryana), crosses NH1, NH10, NH8 and SH57 and meets NH-2 beyond Palwal. Cloverleaf flyovers are being proposed at places where the expressway crosses national highways. The construction of the six-lane 135.6 kilometres (84.3 mi) long road is progressing at a snail's pace. The construction started in 2007 and was expected to be completed by June 2009 but is not likely to be over before 2012.
  • Delhi Eastern Peripheral Expressway It will have two six-lane sections: 49 kilometres (30 mi) long Kundli-Ghaziabad section and 56 kilometres (35 mi) long Ghaziabad—NOIDA-Palwal section. It will take off from NH1 at 36.1 km stone at Kundli (Haryana), cross Yamuna river near Mawikalan and Hindon river near Sharfabad (both in Baghpat district, U.P.), NH-58 near Duhai, NH-24 near Dasna, NH-91 near Beel Akbarpur, again cross Yamuna near Fajjupur Khadar and meet NH-2 beyond Palwal at km 64.33 stone. The construction has not started. No contractor has been finalised.
  • Pathankot Ajmer Expressway – Expressway will begin from Pathankot in Punjab and pass through Haryana and end at the Holy city of Ajmer in Rajasthan. The total length of this expressway is 600 kilometres (372.82 mi)*[૧૬]
  • Ganga Expressway – This project was announced in 2007 by Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Mayawati. At 1,047 kilometres (651 mi), it will be India's longest expressway. It will link Noida, on Uttar Pradesh's western border with Delhi to Ballia, on Uttar Pradesh's eastern border with Bihar. The expressway will run along the left bank of the Ganges river, in contrast to the Grand Trunk Road which is on the right bank. The expected cost is ₹૪૦૦ billion (US$૫.૨ billion). This expressway should reduce the travel time between Delhi and Varanasi to 8 hours. The project is expected to be completed in 2011.[૧૭] Private firms have shown their interest in the Ganga Expressway as twenty companies have placed their bids for this project.[૧૮]
  • Upper Ganga Canal Expressway The eight-lane 150 kilometres (93 mi)-long[૧૯] Upper Ganga Canal Expressway, popularly known as the Hindon Expressway, will stretch from Noida to Hardwar through Muzaffarnagar and Roorkee.[૨૦]

Planned

[ફેરફાર કરો]
  • Agra Lucknow Expressway is an expressway scheduled to be constructed between the cities of Agra and Lucknow. Its cost of project is expected to be ₹૧૦,૫૦૦ crore (US$૧.૪ billion). It would cut travel time between Lucknow and Agra from 6 hours to 3:30 hours.
  • Mumbai Vadodara Expressway is an expressway scheduled to be constructed between the cities of Vadodara (Gujarat) and Mumbai (Maharashtra). Its cost of the project is expected to be ₹૬૬.૭૨ billion (US$૮૮૦ million). The expressway will be about 380 km long. It will be built as part of the Golden Quadrilateral Project by NHAI.
  • Chennai Outer Ring Road is a second Chennai ring to complement the existing facility.
  • Shimla Chandigarh Expressway s a proposed 120 kilometres long expressway connecting Chandigarh to Shimla.

NHAI has proposed the following two Expressways in the NHDP VI.

The Uttar Pradesh government is planning five more expressways in the state. The five proposed expressways will have a combined length of around 750 kilometres (470 mi).

The five expressways would be

Intra-city expressways (access-controlled Bypasses, Ring roads and Elevated Roads)

[ફેરફાર કરો]

Existing

[ફેરફાર કરો]
  • Delhi Gurgaon Expressway – This eight-lane expressway opened in January 2008 and is part of Golden Quadrilateral highway project. It is 28 kilometres (17 mi) long and was expected to reduce travel time between Gurgaon and Delhi from upwards of 60 minutes to approximately 20 minutes. However, long queues of vehicles at toll plaza have reduced the efficacy of the expressway. Some special features of this expressway are SOS telephones every 1.5 km, CCTV surviliance and a 32-lane toll plaza at the Delhi-Haryana border. The expressway starts near the domestic terminal of the airport at Palam, has an exit for the international airport and ends beyond Gurgaon where it joins the six-lane NH8 after the toll plaza.
  • Noida Greater Noida Expressway connects Noida, a residential and industrial suburb of Delhi to Greater Noida, a still newer suburb. The total length of the expressway is 24.53 kilometres (15.24 mi). It is under expansion to Taj Economic Zone, International Airport and Aviation Hub proposed to be constructed along the Taj Expressway. The objectives of the proposed expressway are as follows:
    • Highway features
      • To provide a fast moving corridor to minimize the travel time
      • To connect the main town ships / commercial centers on the Eastern site of river Yamuna
      • To ensure development of adjoining area
      • To relieve pressure on NH2 that is already congested and runs through the heart of cities like Faridabad, Ballabhgarh and Palwal.
  • Delhi Noida Direct Flyway is an eight-lane, 9.2 kilometres (5.7 mi) km[૨૧] access controlled tolled expressway which connects Delhi with Noida. It was built under a Build-Own-Operate-Transfer (BOOT) model. The project included the construction of a flyover at Ashram Chowk. The other major part of the project was the construction of a 552.5 metres (0.3433 mi) bridge over the Yamuna river. This bridge, which was estimated to cost ₹૪.૦૮ billion (US$૫૩.૫ million).
  • Kona Expressway is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) long and serves as cut-offs and provides easier access to Kolkata from NH-2.[૮]
  • Hyderabad Elevated Expressways – The PVNR Expressway has been opened for traffic at the end points on 2009-10-19. The 11.6 kilometres (7.2 mi)[૨૪] is the India's longest flyover that connects Mehdipatnam in the city to Aramgarh Junction on the National Highway-7 leading to the Hyderabad International Airport at Shamshabad[૨૫]
  • Hosur Road Elevated Expressway – is a 9.985 kilometres (6.204 mi) kilometres (6 mi) long elevated, tolled, access controlled expressway in the city of Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The project is a part of the BETL (Bangalore Elevated Tollways Ltd), project as part of the National Highways Development Project and the Elevated Highways Project. It was initiated in early 2006, and was inaugurated on 22 January 2010.[૨૬]

Under Construction

[ફેરફાર કરો]
  • Western Freeway Mumbai is an ambitious project to connect the suburbs of Mumbai with downtown Mumbai. The project envisions the setting up of multiple flyovers over the Arabian Sea. The first phase of the project, known as the Bandra-Worli Sea Link, is complete, and links Bandra in the north with Worli to the south with a cable stayed bridge spanning the Mahim Bay. This development shall relieve the congestion on the Mahim Causeway, which up until now has been the only road connection between the suburbs and the main city of Mumbai on the western sea front. Toll will be Rs.50(one way),Rs.75(two way) for cars and Rs.100 for heavy vehicles.
  • Eastern Freeway Mumbai project (EFP) to provide a direct link to the Eastern Express Highway and south Mumbai.[૨૭] The Eastern Freeway will be a 22 kilometres (14 mi) high-speed corridor from Prince of Wales Museum up to Eastern Express Highway at Wadala through 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) of relatively less-congested roads of the Mumbai Port Trust (MbPT) area.[૨૮] Of this, 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) will be elevated. The expressway will drastically reduce travel time between Colaba in South Mumbai and the eastern suburbs like Ghatkopar and Mulund. Work on this freeway started in January 2008 and is scheduled to complete in five years.[૨૯]
  • Chennai Port - Maduravoyal Expressway The Chennai Port – Maduravoyal Expressway is a proposed 19 kilometres (12 mi) elevated expressway in the city of Chennai, India. The corridor begins at Chennai Port Gate no. 10 and travels along the bank of the Cooum River till it reaches Koyambedu and along the median of NH4 thereon till it reaches Maduravoyal.

Planned

[ફેરફાર કરો]

Indian National Expressways Network

[ફેરફાર કરો]

India has the third-largest road network in the world spanning 4.69 million km, next in line only to the US and China. However, when it comes to the quality of roads, India lags far behind. Compared to the length of expressways in leading countries, China (84,946 km), the US (75,238 km), Canada (17,000 km), Spain (15,152 km) and Germany (12,800 km), India’s progress in the road sector seems dwarfed at just 200 km.

On an overall basis also, highways constitute only a 1.7 per cent share at 79,116 km.

Given the importance of expressways, the Government of India had approved the construction of 1,000 km of expressways under the National Highways Development Project (NHDP) Phase VI.

Besides, the ministry came up with a project report to formulate a master plan aiming to construct 15,600 km by 2022, marking the end of the 13th five year plan.[૩૦]

Given the current precarious economic conditions, constructing expressways through the EPC route seems to be the most pragmatic approach. The government can raise long-term debt through bonds or low-cost foreign loans from multi-lateral and bilateral institutions while revenue can be generated by charging tolls from vehicles at entry and exit points.

Also, as witnessed in other countries, state governments should be urged to increase contribution toward these projects, as they will be the key beneficiaries of expressways.

Another way to expedite the process could be that the government could develop the first 50–100 km of the expressway to attract private developers, a model being followed by Jaipur metro.

Once traffic picks up on the expressway, developers could construct the remaining length and be allowed to charge toll on the entire length.

If India needs to achieve the next level in highway development, it has to focus on transit efficiency. For this, the country will have to increase reliance on public funding and shift focus from PPP.

It could also opt for innovative financial models, as suggested above, to make expressway construction a viable business in the country.[૩૦]

ચિત્ર ગેલેરી

[ફેરફાર કરો]
Mumbai Nashik Expressway
Mumbai Nashik Expressway 
Mumbai Nashik Expressway
Mumbai Nashik Expressway 
The Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway
The Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway 
The Delhi-Noida section of the Delhi-Noida-Greater Noida expressway
The Delhi-Noida section of the Delhi-Noida-Greater Noida expressway 
A stretch of the Ahmedabad-Vadodara expressway
A stretch of the Ahmedabad-Vadodara expressway 
Mumbai-Pune Expressway
Mumbai-Pune Expressway 
A section of the Golden Quadrilateral between Bengaluru and Chennai
A section of the Golden Quadrilateral between Bengaluru and Chennai 
NH 47 Expressway between Coimbatore and Salem in Tamil Nadu at Chittode in Erode
NH 47 Expressway between Coimbatore and Salem in Tamil Nadu at Chittode in Erode 
A view of Delhi-Gurgaon stretch of National Highway – 8 (NH-8). The 8-lane expressway connects Delhi to Gurgaon and IGIA
A view of Delhi-Gurgaon stretch of National Highway – 8 (NH-8). The 8-lane expressway connects Delhi to Gurgaon and IGIA 

સંદર્ભો અને નોંધ

[ફેરફાર કરો]
  1. ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled-access_highway
  2. ↑ Ashutosh Kumar. "Expressway cost pegged at Rs20 crore/km". Daily News and Analysis. DNA.
  3. ↑ Dipak Kumar Dash (23 November 2009). "By 2022, govt to lay 18,637km of expressways". Times of India.
  4. ↑ "Ahmedabad-Vadodara Expressway Project". Cclindia.com. મૂળ માંથી 2009-03-08 પર સંગ્રહિત. મેળવેલ 2010-09-16.
  5. ↑ "Ahmedabad-Baroda expressway". મૂળ માંથી 2008-04-09 પર સંગ્રહિત. મેળવેલ 2013-11-24.
  6. ↑ "આર્કાઇવ ક .પિ". મૂળ માંથી 2013-12-02 પર સંગ્રહિત. મેળવેલ 2013-11-24.
  7. ↑ "આર્કાઇવ ક .પિ". મૂળ માંથી 2013-12-07 પર સંગ્રહિત. મેળવેલ 2013-11-24.
  8. ↑ ૮.૦ ૮.૧ "Business Portal of India : Investment Opportunities and Incentives : State Level Investment : West Bengal : Infrastructure". Business.gov.in. મૂળ માંથી 2010-12-12 પર સંગ્રહિત. મેળવેલ 2010-07-16.
  9. ↑ www.newzstreet.tv/ns/node/39864
  10. ↑ "આર્કાઇવ ક .પિ". Tata Realty And Infrastructure Ltd. મૂળ માંથી 2013-12-11 પર સંગ્રહિત. મેળવેલ 2013-11-24.
  11. ↑ "આર્કાઇવ ક .પિ". Tata Realty And Infrastructure Ltd. મૂળ માંથી 2013-12-11 પર સંગ્રહિત. મેળવેલ 2013-11-24.
  12. ↑ "Mum-Nashik Expressway gets boost from MSRDC | Nashik ::::: A Complete Guide and Update on Nashik". Nashikcity.in. 29 January 2009. મૂળ માંથી 2011-02-25 પર સંગ્રહિત. મેળવેલ 2010-07-16.
  13. ↑ "Projects – Mumbai Nasik Expressway Limited (MNEL)". Gammoninfra.com. મૂળ માંથી 2010-12-16 પર સંગ્રહિત. મેળવેલ 2010-07-16.
  14. ↑ http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/mumbai-nashik-proj-is-key-toll-revenue-maker-gammon-infra_566378.html
  15. ↑ "આર્કાઇવ ક .પિ". મૂળ માંથી 2012-03-25 પર સંગ્રહિત. મેળવેલ 2013-11-24.
  16. ↑ "http://worldsikhnews.com Pathankot Jalandhar Ajmer Expressway project info". Worldsikhnews.com. 8 December 2007. મૂળ માંથી 2011-07-18 પર સંગ્રહિત. મેળવેલ 2010-09-16. External link in |title= (મદદ)
  17. ↑ "CM announces Ganga Expressway" સંગ્રહિત ૨૦૦૮-૦૫-૧૬ ના રોજ વેબેક મશિન Hidustan Times, 5 September 2007
  18. ↑ "20 cos bid for longest expressway in India". Livemint.com. 6 December 2007. મેળવેલ 2010-09-16.
  19. ↑ "7 bids for Upper Ganga Canal Expressway". Financialexpress.com. 11 March 2010. મેળવેલ 2010-07-16.
  20. ↑ "No state consent, NHAI goes ahead with four-laning of highway section". Indian Tollways. 3 December 2009. મૂળ માંથી 2009-12-06 પર સંગ્રહિત. મેળવેલ 2010-07-16.
  21. ↑ "Welcome to DND Flyway". Dndflyway.com. 22 July 2009. મૂળ માંથી 2011-10-02 પર સંગ્રહિત. મેળવેલ 2010-07-16.
  22. ↑ "The Telegraph – Calcutta : Metro". Telegraphindia.com. 13 February 2006. મૂળ માંથી 2012-11-02 પર સંગ્રહિત. મેળવેલ 2010-07-16.
  23. ↑ "Panipat elevated highway inaugurated". Projectsmonitor.com. મેળવેલ 2010-07-16.
  24. ↑ 4:30 am (20 October 2009). "Longest Elevated Expressway inaugurated in Hyderabad | India Trends". Indiatrends.info. મૂળ માંથી 2011-07-21 પર સંગ્રહિત. મેળવેલ 2010-07-16.
  25. ↑ "Hyderabad gets India's longest flyover". Ndtv.com. મેળવેલ 2010-07-16.
  26. ↑ "Expressway elevates commuting". Deccanherald.com. મેળવેલ 2010-07-16.
  27. ↑ "Mumbai eastern freeway project gets underway". Thaindian.com. મૂળ માંથી 2009-04-27 પર સંગ્રહિત. મેળવેલ 2010-07-16.
  28. ↑ "Eastern Freeway is the way to go, says MMRDA". dnaindia.com. 10 July 2009. મેળવેલ 2010-07-16.
  29. ↑ "MMRDA – Projects – Mumbai Urban Infrastructure Project". 202.54.119.40. મૂળ માંથી 2010-11-08 પર સંગ્રહિત. મેળવેલ 2010-07-16.
  30. ↑ ૩૦.૦ ૩૦.૧ http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/logistics/is-india-ready-to-drive-on-the-expressway/article4917434.ece

^ "Vadodara-Mumbai Expressway". Times of India. 2010-08-18. Retrieved 2010-08-19.