Abdullahi Yusuf Ali

Abdullahi Yusuf Ali, CBE, MA, LL. M, FRSA, FRSL ( /ɑː ˈliː / ; Urdu: عبداللہ یوسف علی‎ ‎ 14 Afrilu 1872[1] - 10 Disamba 1953) barista ne ɗan ƙasar Indiya wanda ya rubuta littafai da dama game da Musulunci ciki har da tafsirin Alkur'ani. Magoya bayan yunƙurin yaƙin Birtaniya a lokacin yakin duniya na ɗaya, Ali ya karbi CBE a 1917 saboda ayyukan da ya yi. Ya mutu a London a 1953.

Rayuwar farko

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Ali ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Wilson da ke Bombay, wanda aka nuna a nan cikin 1893

An haifi Ali a garin Bombay na ƙasar Indiya, ɗan Yusuf Ali Allahbuksh (ya rasu a shekara ta 1891), wanda kuma aka fi sani da Khan Bahadur Yusuf Ali, wanda ɗan asalin Shi'a Isma'ili ne a al'adar Dawudi Bohra, wanda daga baya ya zama Sunna[2] kuma wanda ya juya baya ga sana’ar gargajiya ta al’ummarsa ta kasuwanci, maimakon haka ya zama Sufeton ‘yan sanda na Gwamnati. A lokacin da ya yi ritaya, ya sami laƙabin Khan Bahadur a aikin gwamnati.[3][4] Lokacin yana yaro, Abdullah Yusuf Ali ya halarci makarantar Anjuman Himayat-ul-Islam sannan ya yi karatu a makarantar mishan ta Wilson College, duka a Bombay.[4][5] Ya kuma sami ilimi na addini kuma a ƙarshe ya iya karatun kur'ani gabaɗaya. Yana magana da harshen Larabci da Ingilishi sosai. Ya mayar da hankalinsa kan kur’ani da karatun tafsirin kur’ani tun daga farkon waɗanda aka rubuta a farkon tarihin Musulunci. Ali ya yi digiri na farko a fannin adabin Turanci a Jami'ar Bombay a watan Janairun 1891 yana da shekaru 19 kuma an ba shi takardar shaidar karatun bombay don yin karatu a Jami'ar Cambridge ta Ingila.[5]

Ali ya fara zuwa Biritaniya ne a shekarar 1891 inda ya karanta fannin shari'a a Kwalejin St John's College da ke Cambridge da kuma bayan ya kammala karatunsa na BA da LL. B a cikin 1895 ya koma Indiya a cikin wannan shekarar tare da matsayi a cikin Ma'aikatar Jama'a ta Indiya (ICS), daga baya aka kira shi Bar a Lincoln's Inn a 1896 ba ya nan. Ya samu MA da LL. M a shekara ta 1901.[3] Ya auri Teresa Mary Shalders (1873-1956) a Cocin St Peter's a Bournemouth a cikin 1900,[4] kuma tare da ita yana da 'ya'ya maza uku da mace: Edris Yusuf Ali (1901-1992), Asghar Bloy Yusuf Ali (1902-1971). ), Alban Hyder Yusuf Ali (1904-), da Leila Teresa Ali (1906-).[6] Matarsa da 'ya'yansa sun zauna daban-daban a Tunbridge Wells, St Albans da Norwich yayin da Ali ya koma bakin aikinsa a Indiya.[7] Ya koma Biritaniya a 1905 a kan hutu na shekaru biyu daga ICS kuma a wannan lokacin an zaɓe shi Fellow na Royal Society of Arts da Royal Society of Literature.[8] Ali ya fara jan hankalin jama’a ne a Biritaniya bayan ya gabatar da wata lacca a Royal Society of Arts da ke Landan a shekarar 1906, wanda mai ba shi shawara Sir George Birdwood ya shirya. Wani mai ba da shawara shi ne Lord James Meston, tsohon Laftanar Gwamna na Lardunan United, wanda, lokacin da aka naɗa shi Memba na Kuɗi na Gwamnatin Indiya ya naɗa Ali a mukamai a gundumomi daban-daban a Indiya wanda kuma ya ƙunshi gajeren lokaci biyu a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare (1907). sannan Mataimakin Sakatare (1911-12) a Sashen Kudi na Gwamnatin Indiya.[4][9]

Iyali da aiki

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Khizar Humayun Ansari, marubucin tarihin rayuwarsa a ƙamus na Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, ya rubuta game da Ali:

Abdullah Yusuf Ali ya kasance na Ƙungiyar musulmin Indiya daga kwararrun iyalai wadanda suka damu da matsayi. A kokarinsa na neman tasiri, nuna wariya, idan ba rashin hankali ba, ya zama babban sifa na dangantakarsa da Birtaniya. A lokacin da ya inganta lokaci na rayuwarsa ya gauraye da yawa a cikin manya-aji da'irori, assiduously noma dangantaka da mambobi na Turanci elite. Ya burge shi musamman da dabi'un da a fili da kuma jin daɗin waɗanda yake tarayya da su, kuma, a sakamakon haka, ya zama Anglophile marar kuskure. Aurensa da Teresa Shalders bisa ga al'adar Cocin Ingila, karbar bakuncin liyafar ga masu nagarta da masu girma, dandanonsa ga kayan tarihi da al'adu na Hellenic da sha'awar jarumarsa, sha'awar sana'a a Indiya a matsayin hanyar daidaitawa. rarrabuwar ƙabilanci da zamantakewa, da bayar da shawararsa na yada tunanin masu ra'ayin ra'ayi da na zamani ta hanyar ilimin boko, duk ƙoƙari ne na gaske na shiga cikin al'ummar Birtaniya.[4]

Tafiyarsa akai-akai tsakanin Indiya da Biritaniya ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar aurensa kuma matarsa Teresa Mary Shalders ta yi rashin aminci a gare shi kuma ta haifi ɗan shege a cikin 1910,[5] hakan yasa ya sake ta a 1912[10] kuma ya sami kulawa. ’ya’yansu huɗu, wadanda ya bar su tare da gomnati a Ingila.[7] Duk da haka, 'ya'yansa sun ƙi shi kuma a ziyarar zuwa London a nan gaba a cikin 1920s da 1930s ya zauna a National Liberal Club. [11] A 1914 Ali ya yi murabus daga ICS ya zauna a Biritaniya inda ya zama amintaccen masallacin Shah Jehan a Woking kuma a 1921 ya zama mai kula da asusun gina masallacin gabashin London.[4] Yayin da yakin duniya na ɗaya ya ɓarke, ba kamar musulmi da yawa a Biritaniya ba waɗanda suka ji daɗin ba da goyon bayan yakin da Birtaniya ke yi da 'yan uwan musulmi na Daular Usmaniyya, Ali ya kasance mai matukar goyon baya ga gudunmawar Indiyawa ga yunƙurin yaƙin,[7] har zuwa wannan. rubuta labarai, ba da jawabai na jama'a da gudanar da yawon shakatawa na Scandinavia[4] kuma an naɗa shi CBE a cikin 1917 don ayyukansa na wannan dalilin. A wannan shekarar ya shiga ma'aikatan Makarantar Nazarin Gabas a matsayin malami a Hindustani.[8]

Ya auri Gertrude Anne Mawbey (1895 – 1984) a shekara ta 1920, kuma ta ɗauki sunan musulma ‘Masuma’ ta dawo tare da shi zuwa Indiya don gujewa tsangwamar da ma’auratan suka sha daga ‘ya’yan Ali daga aurensa na farko, wanda ya fusata shi da sabuwar matarsa. A cikin wasiyyarsa Ali ya ambaci dansa na biyu Asghar Bloy Yusuf Ali wanda ya yi nisa har ya kai ga cin zarafi, zagi da tsananta mini lokaci zuwa lokaci.[5]

Tare da Mawbey yana da ɗa, Rashid (an haife shi 1922/3),[5] amma wannan auren kuma ya ƙare cikin rashin nasara.[11] Ya kasance haziki mai daraja a Indiya kuma Sir Muhammad Iqbal ya ɗauke shi aiki a matsayin shugaban Kwalejin Islamia a Lahore, yana aiki daga 1925 zuwa 1927 da kuma daga 1935 zuwa 1937. Hakanan ya kasance Fellow da syndic na Jami'ar Punjab (1925-8 da 1935-9) kuma memba na Kwamitin Binciken Jami'ar Punjab (1932-33). Daga cikin wallafe-wallafensa akwai Ideals Educational Muslim (1923),Muhimman Abubuwan Islama (1929), Ilimin halin kirki: Aims and Methods (1930), Personality of Man in Islam (1931), da The Message of Islam (1940). Koyaya, sanannen aikinsa na ilimi shine fassararsa zuwa Turanci da tafsirin Kur'ani, Kur'ani Mai Girma: Rubutu, Fassara da Tafsiri (1934-8; bugu na 1939-40), wanda ya kasance ɗayan biyu mafi girma. Fassarar Ingilishi da ake amfani da su sosai (ɗayan shine fassarar Marmaduke Pickthall ).[7] Ya yi aiki a tawagar Indiya zuwa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a 1928.[3][4][8]

Bayan shekaru

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Grave of Abdullah Yusuf Ali a maƙabartar Brookwood Cemetery

A cikin Disamba 1938 yayin da yake rangadi don inganta fassararsa, Ali ya taimaka wajen buɗe Masallacin Al-Rashid, masallaci na uku a Arewacin Amirka, a Edmonton, Alberta, Kanada.[12][13] A cikin 1947 Ali yana cikin yawancin Indiyawan da suka dawo Indiya bayan samun 'yancin kai don ɗaukar Muƙaman siyasa. Duk da haka, a wurinsa matakin bai yi nasara ba, ya koma Landan inda ya zama mai rauni a hankali da jiki, yana zaune a keɓe da danginsa da kuma tsarin mulkin Birtaniya da ya yi tarayya da su a baya. Ba wani ƙayyadadden wurin zama ba, Ali ya shafe mafi yawan shekaru goma na rayuwarsa ko dai yana zaune a National Liberal Club, a cikin Royal Commonwealth Society ko kuma yawo kan titunan London da rayuwa cikin talauci duk da yana da £20,578 16s 3d a banki.[9][14] A ranar 9 ga Disamba 1953 'yan sanda [11] sun gano Ali ba shi da hali kuma yana cikin ruɗani a wata kofa a Westminster. An sallame shi washegari kuma wani gida na Majalisar gundumar Landan don tsofaffi a Titin Dovehouse a Chelsea ya ɗauke shi. Anan ya sami bugun zuciya a ranar 10 ga Disamba kuma an garzaya da shi asibitin St Stephen da ke Fulham inda ya mutu shi kadai a ranar.[4][7]

Babu wani dangi da ya yi ikirarin gawar amma babban hukumar Pakistan ta san Ali; sun shirya jana'izarsa da binne shi a sashin musulmi a makabartar Brookwood kusa da Woking. [15]

Tafsirin Alqur'ani

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Samfuri:Main An buga juzu'i 30 na fassarar Alqur'ani. A Saudi Arabiya, Fadar Shugaban Kasa ta Cibiyar Nazarin Musulunci, ta gyara ainihin fassarar Yusuf Ali.[16] The Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project, wanda "musamman ya fi mayar da hankali ga mazhabar Shi'a goma sha biyu ", ya yi nazarin bugu na fassarar Ali don tabbatar da ko sun kiyaye fahimtar Ali na ainihin rubutun Larabci. Sun tabbatar an sami sauye-sauye.[17]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Sherif, M. A. (1 January 1994). Searching for Solace: A Biography of Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Interpreter of the Qur'an (in Turanci). Searching for Solace. p. 4. ISBN 9789839154009.
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named afifi
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Yusuf Ali in Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cambridge from the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume 2: From 1752 to 1900, Cambridge University Press (1954) – Google Books
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Khizar Humayun Ansari, 'Ali, Abdullah Yusuf (1872–1953)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Oct 2012; online edn, Jan 2013 accessed 12 February 2017
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 M.A. Sherif, The Abdullah Yusuf Ali Memorial Lecture, Islamic Book Trust, Kuala Lumpur (2008) - Google Books pg 11
  6. ↑ The Family of Abdullah Yusf Ali - Ancestry.com - pay to view
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 "Famous London Muslims". www.masud.co.uk.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Abdullah Yusuf Ali – 'Making Britain: Discover how South Asians shaped the nation, 1870–1950' – Open University
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Abdullah Yusuf Ali – Biographical Dictionary on salaam.co.uk". Archived from the original on 2018-10-06. Retrieved 2022-12-14.
  10. ↑ Divorce of Abdullah Yusuf Ali and Teresa Mary Yusuf Ali (1912) - Ancestry.com - pay to view
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Ian Richard Netton, Encyclopedia of Islamic Civilisation and Religion, Routledge (2008) - Google Books pg 42
  12. ↑ "Al Rashid Mosque in Edmonton". Archived from the original on 5 March 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2007.
  13. ↑ "Canadian Islam Centre - History". Archived from the original on 8 July 2008.
  14. ↑ Probate Record for Abdullah Yusuf Ali (1954) - Ancestry.com - pay to view
  15. ↑ "The Third Abdullah Yusus Ali Memorial Lecture (2013)". Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
  16. ↑ "4 Top English Translations of the Quran". learnreligions.com. 15 June 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  17. ↑ "Investigating Distortions in Islamic Texts". Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project. Retrieved 4 February 2020.

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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