Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati

Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Jaén ^(en) , Nuwamba, 1256 ^(Gregorian)
ƙasa	Mamluk Sultanate ^(en)
Mutuwa	Kairo, 10 ga Yuli, 1344
Karatu
Harsuna	Larabci
Malamai	Ibn Daqiq al-'Id Al Busiri Abdullah Ibn Mahmud al-Mawsili ^(en)
Ɗalibai	view Taj al-Din al-Subki ^(en) Taqi al-Din al-Subki ^(en) Muḥammad Ibn-Ibrāhīm Ibn-Ǧamāʿa ^(en) Abū-Saʻīd Faraǧ Ibn-Qāsim Ibn-Lubb ^(en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	Malamin akida, philologist ^(en) , mufassir ^(en) da maiwaƙe
Wurin aiki	Misra
Muhimman ayyuka	Q22686534 Kitab al-Idrak li-lisan al-Atrak ^(en) Tuhfat al'Arib bima fi al-Quran min al-Gharib ^(en)
Imani
Addini	Musulunci Mabiya Sunnah

Abū Ḥayyān Athīr ad-Dīn al-Gharnāṭī.^[1][2] (Larabci: أَبُو حَيَّان أَثِير ٱلدِّين ٱلْغَرْنَاطِيّ‎), wanda cikakken sunansa shine Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf ibn Hayyān (Larabci: مُحَمَّد ٱبْن يُوسُف ٱبْن عَلِيّ ٱبْن يُوسُف ٱبْن حَيَّان‎: مُحَيَّد، ^[3] Al'adan al'adan Al'adan Al Al'adan, wanda ake kira Al'adan'adan Alhōhōhôhōhāhōhúhōh. Magnum opus dinsa Tafsir al-Bahr al-Muhit (Bayani na Tekun) shine mafi mahimmancin bayani game da maganganun Alkur'ani da batutuwan harshe, ƙamus, etymology da masu rubutun Alkur'an. Abin da ya fi dacewa ga masanin harshe na Larabci na zamaninsa shine sha'awarsa mai karfi ga harsunan da ba na Larabcin ba. Ya rubuta ayyuka da yawa na ilimin harshe na kwatankwacin ga masu magana da Larabci, kuma yana ba da cikakken bincike da bayani.^[4]

Rayuwa ta farko

Haihuwar

An haife shi a Spain a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1256 ga dangin asalin Berber, ^[1] daga kabilar Berber ta Nifza.^[5][6][7][8] Masana tarihi sun ambaci wurin haihuwar Gharnati a matsayin Jaén da Granada; sunansa "Gharnati" ya samo asali ne daga wannan.^[9] A lokacin Jaén ya dogara ne da Granada, kuma rikice-rikicen suna na iya bayyana kawai.

Ilimi

A lokacin da yake ƙarami, Abu Hayyan ya bar Spain kuma ya yi tafiya sosai don karatun sa.^[1][9] A cikin Spain, ya yi tafiya zuwa Málaga, Almería kafin ya ci gaba ta hanyar Ceuta, Tunis, Alexandria, Alkahira, Damietta, Minya, Kush da 'Aydhab a Afirka.^[3][9] Daga ƙarshe, ya isa Makka don aikin hajji kuma ya ziyarci Madina kafin ya koma Iskandariya. An ce ya haddace tarin Sibawayh's al-Kitab ('Littafin') - kundin da yawa na asalin harshen Larabci wanda, ga wasu, yana da iko mai daraja a kan harshen Larabcin da ke kusa da na Hadisi a cikin dokar Musulunci.^[10]

An ce Abu Hayyan yana da kyau, tsayi da dogon gashi, wanda, tare da gemu, ya zama launin toka a tsufa.^[9]

Malamai

Aby Hayyan ya yi karatu a karkashin fitattun masu ilimin lissafi na shekarunsa a ƙasarsa. Yayin da yake tafiya, ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin manyan malamai na lokacinsa.^[11]

• Ibn al-Nafis
• Ibn Daqiq al-'Id
• Al-Dimyati
• Ibn Mawdud al-Mawsuli
• Bahaā' al-Din Ibn al-Nahhas

Ayyuka

Lokacin da ya isa Mamluk Misira, an nada Abu Hayyan a matsayin malami na kimiyyar fassarar Alkur'ani a kwalejin da ake kira bayan sultan na Misira, Al-Mansur Qalawun, a Alexandria.^[12] Daga baya, ya shafe wani lokaci yana koyar da tafsir a Masallacin Ibn Tulun a Alkahira.^[1][10]

Abu Hayyan ya sami tagomashi a kotun an-Nasir Muhammad; masanin Fatḥ al-Din Ibn Sayyid al-Nās da shi, sau da yawa suna yin hukunci a wasannin waka da aka gudanar a lokacin mulkin al-Nasir.^[13] Lokacin da 'yar Abu Hayyan, Nudhar, ta mutu, sai ya sami izinin binne jikinta a dukiyar iyalinsa maimakon a makabarta.^[9] Irin waɗannan izini ba su da kyau, kuma da alama an ba da buƙatar saboda matsayinsa mai girma tare da kotun sarauta. Abu Hayyan ya sha wahala sosai game da mutuwar 'yarsa kuma ya kirkiro waƙoƙi don yabon matsayinta a tsakanin masu ilimi.^[14]

Dalibai

Ya koyar da harshe ga ɗalibai da yawa, amma sanannun ɗalibansa sun ci gaba da zama ƙwararrun ƙwararrun su:

• Taqi al-Din al-Subki
• Jamal al-Din al-Isnawi
• Ibn Aqil
• Al-Safadi

Mutuwa

Abu Hayyan ya mutu a ranar Asabar a watan Yuli a shekara ta 1344 a gidansa a Alkahira, ^[1] bayan addu'ar maraice ta ƙarshe.^[5][15] An binne shi washegari a makabarta Bab al-Nasr a Alkahira ta Musulunci. Lokacin da labarin mutuwarsa ya kai Damascus, jama'a sun yi makoki game da mutuwarsa.^[15]

Ra'ayoyi

Abu Hayyan ya bi Zahiri madhhab na Sunni Islam.^[16] Lokacin da aka tambaye shi zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa game da da'awar da ya sauya zuwa Shafi'i madhhab, ko wasu makarantu, ya amsa cewa, duk wanda ya san makarantar Ẓāhirī ba zai iya barin ta ba.^[17][18]

Ya ɗauki Sufism da metaphysics na ibn Arabi, Mansur Al-Hallaj, Ibn al-Farid, Ibn Sab'in da Abu al-Hasan al-Shushtari, a matsayin masu ridda.^[2] Ya kasance na zamani da Ibn Taymiyyah kuma Aby Hayyan ya soki rubuce-rubucensa kuma ya zarge shi da anthropomorphism.

A kan harshen Larabci, Abu Hayyan ya raba ra'ayoyin ɗan'uwansa Ẓāhirī Andalusian, Ibn Maḍāʾ . Cikakken imani da allahntaka ya jagoranci su ƙi ra'ayin harshe. A gare su 'saboda' dukkan abubuwa, gami da harshe, ana danganta shi ne kawai ga Allah.^[19] Don haka a kan dalilan tauhidi, yana da shakku game da abin da ake kira "masanin ilimin lissafi na gabas" masu goyon bayan 'haɗin harshe'.

Lokacin da Abu Hayyan ya isa Misira Mamluk Sultan ne mai mulki. Kodayake Abu Hayyan yana riƙe da yarukan Turkic na Mamluk Misira mafi girma ga yarukan Kipchak da Turkmen waɗanda ya saba da su, ya kuma rubuta harsunan Amharic, Mongol na Tsakiya, yarukan Berber da Turkic.^[20] Sauran masanan harsunan Larabci na zamaninsa ba su da daraja ga harsunan kasashen waje.^[4][21] Abu Hayyan sau da yawa yana haskaka ra'ayoyin ilimin Larabci tare da ambaton daga harsuna daban-daban.^[10]

Kyauta

Abu Hayyan, wanda ake kira 'sarkin harshe', an yi bikin ne a matsayin masanin ilimin harshe da masanin addini na hadith, Tarihin tarihi da Shari'a. ^[9] Ana kiransa Abu Hayyan "al-Gharnati" ('Granadian') da Abu Hayyan ""al-Nahwi" ('masanin ilimin harshe').

Nazarin Abu Hayyan na ilimin harshe ya kasance ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar ka'idojin da ya tsara kamar "dole ne mutum ya kafa ka'idoji na Larabci a kan yawan abubuwan da suka faru" da kuma "kayan da suka saba wa ainihin bayanan da aka samu a cikin magana mai kyau ba a yarda da su ba. " Hanyar da ya yi game da ilimin harshe ta Brill'a matsayin na zamani, kuma an lura da girmamawar Abu Hayyan ga gaskiyar da rashin daidaituwa. ^[10][10]

Ayyuka

Sai kawai 15 daga cikin ayyukan 65 da aka danganta ga Abu Hayyan Athir al-Din Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Gharnati sun tsira.^[10]

• Tafsīr al-Baḥr al-Muḥīt (اتفسير البحر المحيط); 'The Explanation Ocean' (Bayrūt, Dār al-Fikr, 1992); archive.org (12 vols., a Larabci); sharhi game da ma'anar harshe na Alkur'ani, wanda aka tsara tare da hadin gwiwar al-Mansur, marigayi a rayuwar Gharnati.^[22] Wasu daga cikin masu arziki masu ban mamaki wadanda ba na canonical ba, ko bambancin karatun Kur'ani, sun bayyana da farko a cikin wannan, sanannen aikinsa na sharhi.^[23]
• Kitāb Manhaj al-sālik fī al-kalām 'alá Alfīyyat Ibn Mālik (منهج السالك في الكلام على__hau____hau____hau__ ابن مالك) - 'Samun da Alfiyya na Ibn Mālik'; da yawa daga cikin masu ilimin lissafi sun hada da sharhi kan ibn Malik's Alfiya, wani aiki mai mahimmanci a fagen ilimin Larabci.^[5][24] archive.org (a cikin Larabci; ed., Glazer, Sidney, 1947)
• Kitab al-'idrak li-lisan al-'atrak (كتاب الإدراك للسان الأتراك) -'Abubuwan tarihin harshen Turkiyya (a cikin Larabci)
• al-Mubdi' fī al-taṣrīf (كتاب المبدع في__hau____hau____hau__) (a cikin Larabci; Ṣafāt, al-Kuwayt, Maktabat Dār al-Urūbah, 1982); a kan harshen Larabci.
• Wani Girman Turkiyya na ƙarni na takwas na Hijira; "Ƙetare cikin harshen Turkiyya" na Abu Ḥayyân al-Gharnaṭî. (an yi amfani da shi a cikin littafin Bouvat, Lucien; 1907).
• Dīwān Abī Ḥayyān al-Andalusī (ديوان إس حيان الأندلسي) archive.org
• Tuhfat al'Arib bima fi al-Qur'an min al-Gharib (تحفة الأريب في القرآن من الغريب) archive.org (a cikin Larabci)
• Tadhkirat al-nuḥāh 'Game da Grammarians'; (Bayrūt, Muʼassasat al-Risālah, 1986)
• Irtishaf ad-ḍarab min lisan al-'Arab (ارتشاف الضرب من لسان العرب) 'Sipping daga Harshen Larabci'; archive.org (a cikin Larabci) ; cikakken rubutun nahawu.
• Al-Tadhyil wa't-Takmil fi sharh kitab at-Tashil (التذييل والتكميل في Salem كتاب التسهيل) archive.org (a cikin Larabci, 15 vols.) ; sharhi kan Tashīl na ibn mālik.
• Sharḥ al-Lamḥah al-Badrīyah fī ʻilm al-lughah al-'Arabīyah (شرح اللمحة البدرية في علم اللغة العربية) 'Bayani na Badriyah a cikin ilimin harshe na Larabci' (ed., Dr. Hadi Nahr, Jami'ar Press, Baghdad, 1997) archive.org (a Larabci) archive.org (a cikin Larabci)
• Al-Nukat al-ḥisān fī sharḥ ghāyat al-iḥsān (النكت الحسان في غاية الإحسان) 'Kyakkyawan Labari kan Bayani na Mafi Kyawu' (Beirut, Muʼassasat al-Risālah, 1985) archive.org (a Larabci) archive.org (a cikin Larabci)
• Taqrīb al-Muqarrib; taƙaitaccen Muqarrib na ibn ʿUṣfūr
• Al-Tadrīb fī tamṯīl al-taqrīb (التدريب في تمثيل Slotريب); wani sharhi game da Taqrīb al-muqarrib .Taqrīb al-muqarrib.

Manazarta

1. S. Glazer, Abu Ḥayyān At̲h̲īr al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Yūsuf al-G̲h̲arnāṭī.
2. Alexander D. Knysh, Ibn Arabi in the Later Islamic Tradition.
3. "Names of Zahiri Scholars". Archived from the original on 2013-01-11.
4. Kees Versteegh, The Arabic Linguistic Tradition, pgs.
5. Versteegh, Arabic, pg.
6. The Berbers and the Islamic state: the Marīnid experience in pre-protectorate Morocco, pg.
7. Robert Irwin, Night and horses and the desert: an anthology of classical Arabian literature, pg.
8. (Farhad ed.). Missing or empty |title= (help)
9. "The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain," taken from Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari's Nafhut Tibb min Ghusn al-Andalus al-Ratib wa Tarikh Lisan ad-Din Ibn al-Khatib.
10. Encyclopaedia of Islam, vol.
11. Fancy, Nahyan A. G. (2006), "Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection: The Interaction of Medicine, Philosophy and Religion in the Works of Ibn al-Nafīs (died 1288)", Electronic Theses and Dissertations, University of Notre Dame, pg.
12. Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari, trs.
13. Devin J. Stewart, "Ibn Hijjah al-Hamawi." Taken from Essays in Arabic Literary Biography: 1350-1850, pg.
14. Extraordinary Women of Al-Andalus.
15. Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari, trns.
16. al-Maqrizi, al-Muqni al-Kabir, vol.
17. Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, al-Durar al-Kamina, vol.
18. Michael Carer, "The Andalusian Grammarians: Are they different?" Taken from In the Shadow of Arabic: The Centrality of Language to Arab Culture, Pg.
19. Michael Carter, "The Andalusian Grammarians," pg.
20. Versteegh, Arabic, pg.
21. Versteegh, Arabic, pg.
22. Abdulmageed Falah, Grammatical Opinions of Abu Hayyan Andalusi between Theory and Practice Archived 2013-09-28 at the Wayback Machine.
23. Theodor Nöldeke, Gotthelf Bergsträsser, Friedrich Schwally and Otto Pretzl, The History of the Qur'an, pg.
24. Aryeh Levin, Arabic Linguistic Thought and Dialectology.

Haɗin waje

• Binciken Gharnati game da harshen Turkiyya: [1], [2], Alatrak, [3] Archived 2022-03-28 at the Wayback Machine