Banɗaki na tsugunne

Gidan wanka na squat (gidan wanka mai ruwa) tare da tafkin ruwa don wankewa (Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu)

Gidan bayan gida (ko squatting toilet) bandaki ne da ake amfani da shi wajen tsuguno, maimakon zama. Wannan yana nufin cewa yanayin bayan gida da fitsarin mace shine a sanya ƙafa ɗaya a kowane gefen magudanar ruwa ko ramin bayan gida a tsuguna a kai. Akwai nau'ikan banɗaki na squat, amma duk sun ƙunshi ainihin kwanon bayan gida ko kwano a matakin bene. Irin wannan kwanon bayan gida kuma ana kiransa “squatting pan”. Gidan bayan gida na squat yana iya amfani da hatimin ruwa don haka ya zama bandaki mai tsafta, ko kuma yana iya zama ba tare da hatimin ruwa ba don haka ya zama bushesshen bayan gida. Kalmar "squat" tana nufin yanayin bayan gida ne kawai da ake sa ran ba wai wasu fasahohin fasahar bayan gida ba, kamar ko ruwa ne ko a'a.

Ana amfani da bandaki na squat a duk faɗin duniya, amma ya zama ruwan dare a wasu ƙasashen Asiya da Afirka, da kuma wasu ƙasashen musulmi. A yawancin waɗannan ƙasashe, tsaftace tsuliya da ruwa kuma shine al'adar al'ada kuma mafi sauƙin yin aiki fiye da bayan gida da ake amfani da su a wurin zama. Hakanan ana samun su lokaci-lokaci a wasu ƙasashen Turai da Kudancin Amurka.

Wuraren squat suna kallon al'ada da yawa. A shekarar 1976, an ce galibin al'ummar duniya ne ke amfani da bandakuna masu tsuguno. Duk da haka, akwai yanayin gaba ɗaya a ƙasashe da yawa na ƙaura daga ɗakin bayan gida zuwa ɗakin bayan gida (musamman a cikin birane) kamar yadda ake kallon na biyu a matsayin mafi zamani.^[1][2]

Tsarin

Bayyanar gefen gidan wanka na yumbu a Japan kafin shigarwa

An shirya ɗakunan bayan gida na squat a matakin bene, wanda ke buƙatar mutum ya tsuguna tare da durƙusa gwiwoyi. Ya bambanta da kafa ko ɗakin bayan gida, buɗe bututun magudanar ruwa yana a matakin ƙasa.

Za a iya yin squatting slabs da lankwasa (ceramic), bakin karfe, fiberglass, ko kuma a cikin nau'ikan masu rahusa a ƙasashe masu tasowa, tare da siminti, ferrocement, filastik, ko itace da aka lulluɓe da linoleum. Hakanan za'a iya yin katako da katako ( katako), amma ana buƙatar a yi musu magani da abubuwan kiyayewa, kamar fenti ko linoleum, don hana ruɓewa da kuma ba da damar tsaftace shingen tsutsa.

Akwai bambance-bambancen ƙira guda biyu: ɗaya inda bayan gida ya daidaita tare da ƙasa, ɗayan kuma inda aka ɗaga shi akan dandamali kusan 30 cm (1 ft). Na ƙarshe ya fi sauƙi don amfani ga mutanen da suke yin fitsari yayin da suke tsaye, amma ana iya amfani da nau'i biyu don wannan dalili. Haka nan babu bambanci ga bayan gida ko fitsarin tsugunne.

Amfani da shi

Yadda za a yi amfani da bayan gida daidai (alamu a cikin gidan wanka a Japan)

Mai amfani yana tsaye a kan squat bayan gida yana fuskantar murfin kuma ya ja ƙasa (sama a yanayin siket ko riguna) wando da rigar ciki zuwa gwiwa. Sannan mai amfani ya tsugunna a kan ramin, kusa da gaba sosai, yayin da najasa ke kokarin fadowa a gefen baya na rumbun bene idan mai amfani ya tsugunna da baya sosai.^[3]

Lafiya, tsabta da kiyayewa

Ya kamata a kiyaye saman da ke tsaye na kwanon kwanon rufi da bushewa don hana yaduwar cututtuka da iyakance wari.

Wuraren squat galibi yana da sauƙi don tsaftacewa fiye da ɗakin bayan gida (ƙafafun ƙafa), sai dai mutum ya ƙara sunkuyar da ƙasa idan kwanon kwandon yana buƙatar gogewa da hannu. Ana tsabtace ɗakunan bayan gida da kyau ta hanyar amfani da mop tare da maganin wanki.^[4]

Tasirin lafiya

Matsayin bayan gida na squatting ya fi ilimin lissafi, manufa da annashuwa. Wannan saboda yana ba da damar mafi kyawun shakatawa na tsokar puborectalis kuma don haka daidaita kusurwar anorectal, kuma don sauri, sauƙi da cikakkiyar fitarwa na stool. Matsayin tsuguno don haka yana hana wuce gona da iri, don haka yana ba da kariya daga mikewar jijiyoyi, kamar jijiyar pudendal. Lalacewar wadannan jijiyoyi na iya haifar da matsaloli na dindindin tare da fitsari, bayan gida da aikin jima'i. Matsayin tsuguno kuma yana ƙara matsa lamba na ciki. Sau da yawa ana ba da shawarar matsayi na squatting a matsayin wani ɓangare na matakan da za a iya sarrafa maƙarƙashiya da ƙananan nau'o'insa, ciki har da cututtukan da aka toshewa da kuma dyssynergic defecation. Na yau da kullun, matsananciyar damuwa a lokacin bayan gida, wanda ya fi dacewa da buƙata a wurin zama, na iya haɗawa da haɓakar kumburin basur ko kowane nau'in cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, kamar su dubura, fitowar dubura, da sauransu.

Sai dai kuma a cewar wasu majiyoyi, matsananciyar matsananciyar matsananciyar matsananciyar matsananciyar bayan gida na iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da basir mai tsanani, ko kuma ƙara haɓakar basir, saboda ƙarar zuriyar ƙuraje da matsawar ciki. Tsawaitawa da maimaituwa akan ɗakin bayan gida na zaune yana da tasiri iri ɗaya.

Al'umma da al'adu

Ra'ayoyi da abubuwan da ke faruwa

Akwai halaye daban-daban guda biyu game da wuraren tsugunar da jama'a, galibi sun dogara da abin da masu amfani da su ke amfani da su, ko kuma bayan gida yana wurin jama'a ko na sirri: Wasu mutane suna ɗaukar ɗakin bayan gida a matsayin mafi tsafta idan aka kwatanta da zama bandaki. Suna iya zama da sauƙi don tsaftacewa kuma babu haɗin fata tare da saman kujerar bayan gida. Don haka, wasu mutane suna ganin sun fi tsafta, musamman ga bandakunan jama'a.

Wasu mutane suna kallon zaman banɗaki a matsayin "mafi zamani" fiye da ɗakin bayan gida. Wurin zama na bayan gida yana da ƙananan haɗarin ɓata tufafi ko takalma, saboda fitsari ba shi da yuwuwar fantsama a sassan wando ko takalma. Bugu da ƙari, ɗakin bayan gida ya fi dacewa ga masu nakasa da tsofaffi.^[5]

Ana iya lura da yadda ake samun ƙarin wuraren zama na banɗaki a ƙasashen da aka saba amfani da bandaki na squat a wasu birane da mafi yawan masu wadata, a wuraren da ke da sabbin gine-gine (da otal-otal da filayen jirgin sama) ko a yankunan yawon buɗe ido.^[1]

Gidan wanka na jama'a

Gidan wanka a tashar sabis na babbar hanya kusa da Toulouse, Faransa. A yankunan Turai inda ake amfani da bayan gida, yawanci bayan gida ne na jama'aGidan wanka na jama'a

Ana amfani da bandaki na tsugunne a bandakunan jama'a, maimakon bandakunan gida, saboda wasu suna ganin sun fi sauƙin tsaftacewa kuma sun fi tsafta, don haka za su fi dacewa da jama'a. Alal misali, haka lamarin yake a wasu sassa na Faransa, Italiya, Girka, ko kuma yankin Balkan, inda irin waɗannan bandakuna suka zama ruwan dare a bandakunan jama’a (dakunan wanka).

Abubuwan da aka fi so ta ƙasa ko yanki

Za'a iya yin maganganu masu zuwa:

• Bankunan squat sun zama ruwan dare a yawancin ƙasashen Asiya, ciki har da China da Indiya. Suna kuma yaduwa a Turkiyya, Nepal, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Myanmar, Iran da Iraki.
• Ana iya samun su a kasashe kamar Japan, Koriya ta Kudu, Thailand, da Singapore. Jama'a a kasashen da ke kudu da hamadar Sahara, musamman a yankunan karkara, na amfani da bandaki na tsugunne, misali a Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, Tanzania, da Uganda.
• Ba a saba yin bandaki a Afirka ta Kudu ba. Mafi yawan al'ummar duniya na amfani da bandaki na tsugunne, musamman a yankunan karkara na kasashe masu tasowa.
• Kasashe a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka galibi suna da bandakuna iri biyu, wato zama da tsuguno.
• A al'adun Hindu ko na musulmi, yawan ɗakunan banɗaki na squat gabaɗaya ya yi yawa sosai, kamar yadda ake yin tsabtace tsuliya da ruwa.
• A cikin Latin da Kudancin Amurka, bandakuna na yau da kullun suna da nau'in zama, yayin da busassun bayan gida na iya zama na zama ko na squatting. Lamarin da ake yi na tsugunar da bayan gida a biranen yankin Latin Amurka ya yi kadan.
• Bankunan squat ba safai ba ne a Ostiraliya, New Zealand, Amurka, Kanada, da ƙasashe a Arewacin Turai da Yammacin Turai (sai dai bandakunan jama'a a Faransa). A

Turai

A Kudancin Turai da Gabashin Turai da suka hada da wasu sassan Faransa, a Turkiyya, Girka, Albaniya, Balkan, da Rasha ana yawan samun su, musamman a bandakunan jama'a. Har yanzu dai akwai wuraren bayan gida na squat pit a yankuna da dama na Rasha.

Bankunan squat gabaɗaya babu su a Arewacin Turai da Yammacin Turai. Faransa da Italiya sun banbanta kuma suna da wasu dakunan banɗaki da suka rage a cikin tsofaffin gine-gine da bandakunan jama'a saboda sun kasance al'ada a can a farkon karni na 20. A cikin BMW Welt da ke Munich, dakunan wanka na jama'a suna da wasu rumfuna tare da bandaki masu tsumma. Har ila yau, akwai ƴan banɗaki na squat a filin jirgin sama na Stuttgart.

China

Yankuna da yawa a kasar Sin suna da bandaki na gargajiya maimakon zama bandaki, musamman a bandakunan jama'a. Duk da haka, zaman bandaki ya zama ruwan dare a manyan birane da birane. Wuraren zama a bandaki a gefe guda yana da alaƙa da haɓakawa da zamani, sannan a ɗaya ɓangaren kuma tare da rage tsafta da yiwuwar yada cututtuka.^[6]

Japan

  Ko da yake a kasar Japan an yi imanin cewa bandaki na tsugunne na al'ada ne, yanayin da ake ciki a kasar Japan shi ne kaurace wa bandakunan da suke tsugunowa: A cewar Toto, daya daga cikin manyan masana'antun bayan gida na kasar Japan, samar da bandakuna irin na kasashen yamma ya karu cikin sauri tun 1976. A shekarar 2015. , kashi 1 cikin 100 na duk bandakunan da wannan kamfani ke samarwa sun kasance bandaki ne.^[7]

Tun daga shekarun 1960, yanayin ya kasance na maye gurbin squat toilets a makarantu da wuraren taruwar jama'a da wuraren banɗaki. An yi tunanin wannan yanayin zai iya yin sauri yayin da ake tunkarar gasar bazara ta 2020 a Tokyo. ^[7]

Tun a shekarun 1980 ne, gidajen bayan gida na zamani ke bullowa da ke maye gurbin bayan gida na tsuguno, musamman a birane. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗancan wuraren bayan gida mai suna "Washlet" ya haɗa da "wanka na baya" kafin a shafa, kuma yana da kujerun bayan gida masu zafi. Duk da haka, yawancin mutanen karkara ba su da kwarewa da irin waɗannan ɗakunan fasaha na fasaha kuma suna buƙatar cikakkun bayanai. Wuraren zama na zamani ma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a Koriya ta Kudu.

Hutuna

• 
  Kayan wanka na al'ada a cikin birane naSiriya: Gidan wanka mai laushi tare da bututu a hagu don tsaftace hanci.
• 
  Gidan wanka a Tsarskoye Selo, Rasha
• 
  Gidan wanka a cikin jirgin kasa na CRH1A a kan Guangshen Layin Sin
• 
  Gidan wanka a cikin jirgin kasa naGingaa Japan
• 
  Gidan wanka na jama'a a Jozankei Hot Springs,Hokkaido, Japan
• 
  Gidan wanka a Indonesia
• 
  Gidan wanka mai ɗorewa tare da wurin zama ga tsofaffi ko na nakasassu
• 
  Hybrid bayan gida wanda za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin yanayin squat
• 
  Gidan wanka a Pitsunda, Abkhazia, Georgia.
• 
  gidan wankaa cikin rami zuwa Poland,Tsakiyar Turai. Ana ganin irin waɗannan latrines a matsayin abin tunawa a ƙasar da ta gabata a matsayin tsohuwar tattalin arzikin Gabashin Turai.
• 
  Gidan wanka a tashar jirgin kasa a Italiya
• 
  Gidan wanka da aka yi da ƙarfe a Hong Kong
• 
  Gidan wanka a Japan

Dubi kuma

• Bidet
• Ruwa na Bidet
• Takardar bayan gida
• An yi amfani da shi

Bayanan da aka ambata

1. von Münch, E.; Milosevic, D. (2015): Qualitative survey on squatting toilets and anal cleansing with water with a special emphasis on Muslim and Buddhist countries by using the SuSanA discussion forum. Ostella Consulting, Schwalbach, Germany
2. "Japan Phasing Out Squat Toilets". nippon.com (in Turanci). 2019-01-08. Retrieved 2021-11-19.
3. "Japanese toilets". Japan-Guide.com. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
4. "Infection prevention and control and water, sanitation and hygiene measures in health-care settings and shelters/congregate settings in Gaza: Technical note, 22 February 2024" (PDF). UNICEF. 22 February 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
5. "Fear of public squat toilets confines elderly to homes". South China Morning Post. 15 March 2006. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
6. Tobin, Joseph; Hsueh, Yeh; Karasawa, Mayumi (2009): Preschool in Three Cultures Revisited: China, Japan, and the United States. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
7. "Japan Phasing Out Squat Toilets". Nippon.com. 8 January 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2018.