Bello Bouba Maigari

Bello Bouba Maigari
Minister of State of Cameroon ^(en) 9 Disamba 2011 - Minister of Tourism and Leisure ^(en) 9 Disamba 2011 - Minister of Transport ^(en) 30 ga Yuni, 2009 - 8 Disamba 2011 Prime Minister of Cameroon ^(en) 6 Nuwamba, 1982 - 22 ga Augusta, 1983 ← Paul Biya - Luc Ayang ^(en) → Member of the National Assembly of Cameroon ^(en) District: North ^(en)
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Bashéo ^(en) , 1947 (76/77 shekaru)
ƙasa	Kameru
Karatu
Makaranta	National School of Administration and Magistracy ^(en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	ɗan siyasa
Imani
Addini	Musulunci
Jam'iyar siyasa	National Union for Democracy and Progress ^(en)

Bello Bouba Maigari (an haife shi a shekarar 1947) ɗan siyasan Kamaru ne. Shi ne firayim minista na biyu na Kamaru daga ranar 6 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1982 zuwa ranar 22 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 1983 kuma ya kasance Shugaban Ƙasa na Ƙungiyoyin Dimokraɗiyya da Cigaba (UNDP) ^[1] tun daga watan Janairu shekarar 1992. Kodayake ya kasance babban madugun 'yan adawa na yawancin shekarun 1990, ya shiga cikin gwamnati run daga watan Disamba shekarar 1997; ya kuma kasance ƙaramin ministan raya masana’antu da kasuwanci daga shekarar 1997 zuwa shekara ta 2004, karamin ministan gidan waya da sadarwa daga shekarar 2004 zuwa shekara ta 2009, kuma karamin ministan sufuri daga shekarar 2009 zuwa shekara ta 2009. Tun watan Disambar shekarar 2011, ya kasance karamin ministan yawon bude ido da shakatawa.

Tarihin Rayuwa

An haifi Bello Bouba a Baschéo, a Sashen Benoué a lardin Arewacin Kamaru. Daga shekarar 1972 zuwa shekara ta 1975, Bello Bouba ya kasance Babban Sakatare a Ma’aikatar Sojoji. ^[2] An nada shi a matsayin Mataimakin Babban Sakataren Fadar Shugaban Kasa a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 1975, ^[2] yana aiki a wannan matsayin har zuwa watan Janairu na shekarar 1982 ^[3] (tare da mukamin Minista daga ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarar 1980 ). A cikin gwamnatin da aka sanya wa suna a ranar 7 ga watan Janairu, shekarar 1982, ya zama karamin Ministan Tattalin Arziki da Tsare -tsare; ^[2] daga baya, lokacin da Shugaba Ahmadou Ahidjo ya yi murabus a watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1982, an nada Bello Bouba Firayim Minista a karkashin sabon Shugaban, Paul Biya . ^{[3] [4]} An ce Biya ya nada Bello Bouba bisa umarnin Ahidjo; da yawa suna tunanin Ahidjo ya yi niyya ga Bello Bouba - Musulmi daga arewa, kamar kansa, kuma ba kamar Biya ba - don zama babban magajinsa kuma Biya an yi niyyar zama ainihin shugaban riko a halin yanzu. Ahidjo da Biya ba da daɗewa ba sun shiga rikici da juna, duk da haka. Ahidjo ya tafi gudun hijira, ^[4] kuma a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1983, Biya ya zargi Ahidjo a bainar jama'a da shirya juyin mulki; a lokaci guda, ya sanar da korar Bello Bouba a matsayin Firayim Minista, ^{[4] [5]} maye gurbinsa da Luc Ayang . ^[4]

An gurfanar da Ahidjo a gaban kotu saboda makircin juyin mulkin shekarar 1983 kuma kotun ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa a ranar 28 ga watan Fabrairu, na shekarar 1984; a wancan lokacin, kotun ta ba da shawarar cewa su ma wasu, ciki har da Bello Bouba, su ma a gurfanar da su a gaban kuliya. ^[6] Koyaya, Biya ya dakatar da shari'ar da ake yi musu. ^[7] Bello Bouba ya tafi gudun hijira a Najeriya sakamakon yunkurin juyin mulkin da aka yi a Biya a watan Afrilun shekarar 1984. ^[8]

Bello Bouba ya sanar da kafa sabuwar jam’iyya, National Union for Democracy and Progress in Cameroon (UNDPC), a Paris a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 1990. Bayan da aka halatta jam’iyyar (a matsayin UNDP) a cikin watan Maris shekarar 1991, ya koma Kamaru a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, shekarar 1991. A babban taron UNDP da aka gudanar a Garoua a ranar 4 da 5 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1992, Bello Bouba ya zama Shugaban UNDP, inda ya kori shugaban jam’iyyar na baya, Samuel Eboua. ^[9] An zabe shi zuwa Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa a zaɓen 'yan majalisa na watan Maris shekara ta 1992 ^{[8] [10]} a matsayin Mataimakin Benoué. ^[10]

Kodayake buƙatar zama na shekaru biyar da farko ya hana Bello Bouba tsayawa takarar Shugaban ƙasa daga baya a cikin shekarar 1992, an canza wannan zuwa shekara ɗaya; an danganta canjin da muradin gwamnatin Faransa na son Bello Bouba ya shiga zaben. ^[8] Bello Bouba ya zama na uku a zaben, wanda aka gudanar a ranar 11 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar 1992, a bayan dan takarar Biya da Social Democratic Front (SDF) John Fru Ndi, ^[11] samu kashi 19.22% na kuri’un. ^[9] A cikin larduna biyu, Lardin Adamawa da Lardin Arewa, ya ci manyan rinjaye: 64.04% a Lardin Adamawa da 50.42% a Lardin Arewa. ^[12] Shi da Fru Ndi sun yi sabani da sakamakon zaben wanda ya bayyana Biya a matsayin wanda ya yi nasara ^[11] kuma sun yi nasarar neman kotun koli ta soke zaben saboda zargin magudi. Biya ya nada shugabannin UNDP guda biyu, Hamadou Moustapha da Issa Tchiroma, ga gwamnati a cikin watan Nuwamba shekarar 1992, da alama a kokarin raba UNDP da raunana shi. Bello Bouba ya yi matukar adawa da nade -naden, amma duk da rashin da'a da aka yi, ba a fitar da mutanen nan biyu daga jam'iyyar ba. ^{[13] [14]}

Bayan Moustapha da Tchiroma sun sake karbar mukamai a cikin gwamnati a matsayin wani bangare na gyaran majalisar ministoci a watan Yulin shekara ta 1994, Bello Bouba ya ce a ranar 23 ga watan Yulin,shekarar 1994 cewa wannan na nufin karshen zama membarsu a UNDP. Daga baya, yayin da ya ziyarci Maroua a ranar 30 ga watan Yuli1994, shekarar mutane sun yi ta jifar da motar Moustapha. Sakamakon haka, motar ta tashi daga kan hanya, inda mutum daya ya mutu yayin da wasu da dama suka jikkata. An kama mambobin UNDP 28 saboda harin. ^[15] UNDP ta musanta alhakin ta kuma zargi gwamnati da kai harin, tana mai cewa an yi amfani da shi ne a matsayin hujjar murkushe UNDP. ^[16] Bello Bouba da sauran mataimakan UNDP sun fara kauracewa Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa a ranar 8 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarar 1994, domin matsa lamba kan sakin mayakan UNDP da aka kama; sun kawo karshen kauracewar su bayan 'yan makonni bayan haka, duk da haka.

Moustapha da Tchiroma sun kalubalanci ficewarsu daga jam'iyyar, amma daga karshe kwamitin tsakiya na UNDP ya kore su a watan Janairun shekarar 1995. ^[17] Bayan korar su, Moustapha da Tchiroma sun kafa bangaren su na "ingantacce" na UNDP, inda suka yi watsi da shugabancin Bello Bouba. Wannan ƙungiya daga nan ta zama National Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ANDP), sabuwar jam’iyya da ke nuna ɗan canza sunan UNDP. ^[17] Duk da kafa sabuwar jam’iyyarsu, Moustapha da Tchiroma har yanzu suna hamayya da Bello Bouba na shugabancin UNDP. ^[17]

Kodayake an sake zaɓar Bello Bouba a Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa a zaɓen majalissar a watan Mayu shekarar 1997, UNDP ta yi rashin kyau, ta rasa kujerunta da yawa. Daga nan UNDP ta shiga cikin kauracewa adawa da zaben shugaban kasa na watan Oktoba shekarar 1997; ^{[18] [19]} cewar Bello Bouba, “kwata -kwata babu wani burin siyasa daga bangaren jam’iyya mai mulki don matsawa zuwa ci gaba cikin lumana ... babu wani abin da ya dace a duniya a cikin kasar da aka hana rabin masu kada kuri’a. yin amfani da 'yancinsu na yin zabe. " ^[18] Bayan zaben, wanda Biya bai fuskanci wata babbar gasa ba, Bello Bouba ya amince da nadin da aka yi wa gwamnati a matsayin Karamin Ministan Masana’antu da Cinikayya a watan Disambar shekarar 1997. ^{[3] [13] [18]} A cikin karbar mukamin, duk da tsananin adawarsa da Biya tun da farko, ya ce Biya yana son shigar da shugabannin adawa a cikin gwamnati, kodayake ya yarda cewa da alama Biya yana yin hakan ne da fatan ware Fru Ndi. ^[18]

A zaben majalisar dokoki na shekara ta 2002, Bello Bouba ya sake zama dan takarar UNDP a mazabar Benoué ta Yamma, amma a wannan karon ya sha kaye. ^[20] UNDP ta lashe kujera daya kacal a waccan zaben, kuma Bello Bouba ya bayyana shi a matsayin "fargaba", inda ya yi zargin cewa an yi amfani da karancin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a don yin magudi a zaben don nuna goyon baya ga jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Democratic Movement (RDPC) mai mulki; wasu ‘yan jam’iyyar, duk da haka, an ba da rahoton cewa sun danganta rashin aikin na UNDP da rashin amincewa da hadin gwiwar Bello Bouba da RDPC a cikin gwamnati. ^[21] Wasu membobin jam'iyyar sun so ya bar gwamnati bayan zaben shekarar 2002 da UNDP ta shiga cikin manyan 'yan adawa, amma ya zabi ya ci gaba da zama, duk da rashin jituwa a cikin jam'iyyar. ^[20] Ya goyi bayan Biya, shugaba mai ci, a zaben shugaban kasa na watan Oktoba shekarar 2004 ; ^{[1] [10] [22]} ya ce, duk da cewa an kirkiri jam’iyyu ne don samun nasara kan mulki, amma ba lallai bane su shiga cikin kowane zabe, kuma UNDP ta tallafa wa Biya don ci gaba da zaman lafiya da ci gaban tattalin arziki. ^[22] A cikin gwamnatin da aka sanya wa suna a ranar 8 ga watan Disamba, shekarar 2004, an cire shi daga mukaminsa na Karamin Ministan Masana’antu da Raya Kasuwanci zuwa na Karamin Ministan Buga da Sadarwa.

Bello Bouba aka sake zabe a matsayin shugaban kasar UNDP a wata ƙungiya majalisa a Bertoua a kan a watan Janairu 20 da 21, na shekarar 2007. Da yake magana a ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairu, shekarar 2009, Bello Bouba ya kare shigar jam’iyyarsa a cikin gwamnati, yana mai cewa halartar ta ya ba ta damar yin aiki kai tsaye don amfanin ƙasar ta hanyar da ba za ta yiwu ba idan kawai ta soki gwamnati daga waje. ^[23]

A tsakiyar watan Mayun shekarar 2009, an sanar da cewa Bello Bouba zai tsaya a matsayin dan takarar UNDP a zaben shugaban kasa na shekarar 2011 . ^[24] An canza ministocin Bello Bouba a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 2009, lokacin da aka nada shi karamin Ministan Sufuri. ^[25] A matsayinsa na dan takarar shugaban kasa, Bello Bouba — wanda ke da karancin ginshikin goyon baya wanda ya ta'allaka ne da arewacin kasar — ana ganin ba shi da wata babbar dama ta cin zaben shekarar 2011. Ana tunanin zai ci gaba da marawa shugaba Biya baya, wanda ake sa ran zai sake tsayawa takara a wani wa'adi, kuma yana son ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin gwamnati. ^[26]

Bello Bouba a ƙarshe bai tsaya a matsayin ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa ba lokacin da aka gudanar da ƙuri'ar a watan Oktoban shekara 2011. Biya ya sake lashe zabe cikin sauki. A cikin gwamnatin da aka sanya wa suna a ranar 9 ga watan Disamba shekara 2011, Bello Bouba ya koma matsayin karamin ministan yawon bude ido da nishadi. An nada shi a cikin sabuwar ma'aikatar sa a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba. ^[27]

Manazarta

1. "Cameroon: The National Union for Democracy and Progress (Union nationale pour la démocratie et le progrès, UNDP), including its structure, its membership card and the treatment of its members by government authorities (2003-May 2005)", Responses to Information Requests, Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board, Ottawa, May 6, 2005.
2. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Gov
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4. Milton H. Krieger and Joseph Takougang, African State and Society in the 1990s: Cameroon's Political Crossroads (2000), Westview Press, pages 67–71.
5. "French Worried by Crisis in Cameroon, Close to Chad", Los Angeles Times, 25 August 1983, page B16.
6. "Apr 1984 - Presidential elections-Cabinet changes-Trial of alleged coup plotters-Other internal developments", Keesing's Record of World Events, volume 30, April 1984, Cameroon, page 32,778.
7. Victor Julius Ngoh, Cameroon, 1884-1985: a hundred years of history (1988), page 315.
8. Victor Julius Ngoh, "Biya and the Transition to Democracy", in The Leadership Challenge in Africa: Cameroon Under Paul Biya (2004), ed. John Mukum Mbaku and Joseph Takougang, page 441.
9. Jean-Pascal Daloz and Patrick Quantin, Transitions démocratiques africaines: dynamiques et contraintes (1990-1994) (1997), Karthala Editions, page 117 (in French).
10. "Nord : Le triomphe des fils d`Ahidjo .", Mutations, October 13, 2004 (in French).
11. John Mukum Mbaku, "Decolonization, Reunification and Federation in Cameroon", in The Leadership Challenge in Africa: Cameroon Under Paul Biya, page 34.
12. Joseph Takougang, "Cameroon: Biya and Incremental Reform", in Political Reform in Francophone Africa (1997), ed. John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, page 175.
13. Joseph Takougang, "The Nature of Politics in Cameroon", The Leadership Challenge in Africa: Cameroon Under Paul Biya, page 83.
14. Milton H. Krieger and Joseph Takougang, African State and Society in the 1990s: Cameroon's Political Crossroads (2000), Westview Press, page 161.
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17. African State and Society in the 1990s, page 199.
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19. Ngoh, "Biya and the Transition to Democracy", The Leadership Challenge in Africa: Cameroon Under Paul Biya, page 444.
20. Gerald Ndikum, "UNDP in Crisis: Bouba Bello Maigari in danger of expulsion!", Camerounlink.net, July 25, 2003.
21. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Hum
22. Emmanuel Kendemeh, "Election 2004: CPDM Patiently Awaits Results", Cameroon Tribune, October 18, 2004.
23. Leocadia Bongben, "Elecam Members Will Be Sacked If They Fail to Perform - Bello Bouba", The Post, February 16, 2009.
24. Sebastian Chi Elvido, "Présidentielles 2011 : La candidature de Bello Bouba annoncée à Bertoua", Mutations, 18 May 2009 (in French).
25. Jean-Bruno Tagne, "Breaking News: Paul Biya modifie son Gouvernement !", Cameroon-info.net, 30 June 2009 (in French).
26. "To Biya or not to Biya", Africa Confidential, volume 52, number 1, 7 January 2011.
27. "M. Bello Bouba Maïgari, nouveau Ministre d'Etat, Ministre du Tourisme et des Loisirs", Cameroon Ministry of Tourism and Leisure, 10 December 2011 (in French).

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