Braille na Ghana

Twi Braille; Akan Braille
Type	alphabet
Languages	Twi
Parent systems	Braille English Braille Twi Braille; ;

Braille na Ghana
	Braille
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Ghana

Ana amfani da haruffan braille da yawa a Ghana. Don Ingilishi, an karɓi Haɗin Kan Turanci Braille . An rubuta wasu harsuna huɗu da makafi: Akan (Twi), Ga, Ewe, da Dagaare . Dukkan haruffa guda uku sun dogara ne akan ainihin ƙimar haruffan rubutun hannu na ainihin haruffan Latin:

Kwatankwacin kwatancen haruffan da suka wuce waɗannan an kwatanta su a ƙasa. Turanci ana amfani da alamar rubutu a cikin Ghana da (bisa ga UNESCO 2013) Togo.

Ba a yin amfani da Braille sosai a Ghana don kowane harshe sai Ingilishi. Koyaya, akwai wasu tsofaffin wallafe-wallafe a cikin waɗannan haruffan rubutun hannu.

Akan (Twi) Braille

Akan yana da karin wasu haruffa guda ɗaya. ⠪ ɔ ana iya sa ran daga ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya / Afirka ; ⠻ ɛ na musamman ga Ghana.

ɔ	ɛ

Ga and Dagaare Braille

Ga da Dagaare sun ƙara wasiƙa ta uku, ⠬ ŋ .

ɔ	ɛ	ŋ

Ewe Braille

Ewe yana ƙara ƙarin baƙaƙe da yawa: ⠫ ɖ, ⠹ ƒ, ⠣ ɣ, ⠮ ʋ .

ɔ	ɛ	ŋ	ɖ	ƒ	ɣ	ʋ

Ɓ da ɣ sune ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya/Afirka (duba kuma Braille na Najeriya ); ƒ da ʋ sun fito ne daga sautunan Ingilishi th, mafi kusanci a cikin wannan harshe bayan f da v .

Braille don harsunan Togo

Ewe shine yaren farko na Togo, kuma ana amfani da shi a Togo tare da aikin makafi iri ɗaya kamar na Ghana. UNESCO (2013 [1990]) ta ba da rahoton ƙarin wasu haruffan Togo da yawa waɗanda ba ta iya tabbatarwa ba, amma waɗanda aka tsara su tare da harsunan Ghana; Babu shakka suna amfani da ayyukan Ewe na Ghana:

Bassar da Konkomba an rubuta su da asali na mawallafi da Ewe ŋ, ɔ .
Kabiye ya ɖ ɛ ɣ ɩ ŋ ɔ ʊ . Haruffa ɩ da ʊ suna bin ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma sun yi daidai da ⠔ ị da ⠳ cikin Igbo Braille . (Unesco ta bayar da rahoton cewa ana musanya kimar maƙarƙashiya u/ʊ daga al'ada, mai yuwuwar kuskuren kwafi.^[1] ) Sauran haruffa suna kamar a Ewe.
Moba ya na ɛ ɩ ŋ ɔ, tare ⠔ ɩ kamar a Kabiye.
Tem ya ɖɛ ɩ ŋ ɔ υ, kamar a Kabiye.

Bugu da ƙari, UNESCO ta ba da rahoton cewa harsunan Togo daban-daban suna da ⠡ don wasulan hanci, ⠸ don sauti mai girma, ⠘ don sautin tsakiya, da ⠰ don ƙananan sautin.

Dukkan waɗannan harsuna biyar ana magana da su a Ghana da kuma Togo, amma Unesco ba ta ba da rahoton cewa an mayar da su zuwa makafi a can ba.

Nassoshi

↑ World Braille Usage Third Edition, Perkins / International Council on English Braille / UNESCO, 2013: contrast p. 100 (Igbo) vs p.144 (Kabiyé) (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-04-15, retrieved 2024-02-24

[1] World Braille Usage Third Edition, Perkins / International Council on English Braille / UNESCO, 2013: contrast p. 100 (Igbo) vs p.144 (Kabiyé) (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-04-15, retrieved 2024-02-24

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