Canjin yanayi a Argentina

Matsakaicin yanayin zafi da aka rubuta a Argentina a lokacin guguwar zafi ta Disamban shekarar 2013. Wannan guguwar zafi ita ce mafi tsawo kuma mafi tsanani a Argentina.^[1]

Ana hasashen canjin yanayi zaiyi tasiri sosai kan yanayin rayuwa a Argentina.^:30Yanayin Argentina yana canzawa dangane da yanayin hazo da yanayin zafi. Mafi girman haɓakar hazo (daga lokacin 1960-2010)ya faru a sassan gabashin ƙasar. Haɓɓakar hazo ya haifar da samun sauye-sauyen hazo daga shekara zuwa shekara a sassan arewacin ƙasar, tare da ƙarin haɗarin daɗaɗɗen fari, wanda ke damun noma a waɗannan yankuna.

Kodayake yanayin zafi ya ƙaru a hankali fiye da matsakaicin duniya, dukda haka waɗannan tasirin sun faru a wurare da yawa. Yanayin zafi mafi girma na iya rage dusar ƙanƙara ta hunturu,wanda ke haifar da raguwar kwararar kogi (ƙarancin ruwa), wanda zai iya rage samar da wutar lantarki; an lura da asarar har zuwa 40%. Idan waɗannan yanayin sun cigaba, anyi hasashen cewa canjin yanayi zai ƙara muni da bala'o'in dake akwai kamar ƙara ƙarfin da yawan ambaliyar ruwa ko ƙirƙirar sabbin.  

Tasirin yanayi

Yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen yanayi

Tasirin tattalin arziki na 2 ° C a Argentina

Matsakaicin yanayin zafi ya ƙaru da 0.5 °C (0.90 °F) daga 1901-2012, wanda ya ɗan ƙasa da matsakaicin duniya.^[1]Yanayin zafi a yankin Andean na Patagonia ya karu da fiye da 1°C (1 °C (1.80 °F).80 °F), wanda ya haifar da koma baya na kusan dukkanin kankara.^{:30 :25} Wannan yana shafar wadatar ruwa ga wuraren da ba suda ruwa a ƙasar da suka dogara da shi.

Yanayin zafi mafi girma na iya rage dusar ƙanƙara ta hunturu, wanda ke haifar da raguwar kwararar kogi (ƙananan ruwa), wanda zai iya rage samar da wutar lantarki; an lura da asarar har zuwa 40%:25, A waje Patagonia, matsakaicin yanayin zafi ya karu a ƙaramin adadin tunda karuwar mafi ƙarancin yanayin zafi ta hana raguwar yawan zafin jiki.:89^[2] 

Karin mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki a yawancin Argentina a waje da Patagonia an danganta shi da karuwar yawan iskar gas a cikin yanayi. Rage yawan zafin jiki shine sakamakon ruwan sama mafi girma, wanda keda alaƙa da girgije mafi girma da evaporation,matakai waɗanda ke rage yawan zafin arewacin 40oS: 89:9 Acikin Patagonia, karuwar yawan zafin yana da girma fiye da karuwar mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki kuma saboda canji ne a cikin yanayin yanayi,ba kawai karuwar tasirin greenhouse ba:9^[3] .

Rashin iskar oxygen ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen canza yanayin yaɗuwar yanayi.^[1]An sami raguwa a cikin kwanakin tare da sanyi, kuma karuwa a cikin yawan dare mai zafi a duk faɗin ƙasar:^:11Heat raƙuman ruwa, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin kwanaki 3 a jere inda zafin ya wuce kashi 90 dangane da lokacin 1961-1990 sun zama mafi yawanci da tsananin tsakanin 1961-2010.^[1]

A cikin shekaru 2 ko 3 masu zuwa(2016-2035), ana hasashen yanayin zafi zai karu da 0.5 zuwa 1.0 °C(0.90 zuwa 1.80 °F)a ƙarƙashin yanayin biyu (RCP 4.5 da RCP 8.5) daga Rahoton Bincike na Biyar na IPCC.^[1]A karkashin yanayin RCP 4.5, yanayin zafi zai karu da 1.0 °C(1.80 °F) a duk faɗin ƙasar,kodayake wannan karuwar za ta fi bayyana a arewa maso yamma inda yanayin zafi zai ƙaru da 2 zuwa 2.5 °C(3.60 zuwa 4.50 °F).^[1]A cikin yanayin RCP 8.5 mafi tsanani, largeur da aka tsara a yanayin zafi zai zama mafi girma, ya kai 3.5 °C(6.30 °F) a arewa maso yamma.^[1]Acikin yanayin biyu, zafin da aka tsara zai kasance mafi mahimmanci a cikin watanni na rani.^[1]Halin da aka yi hasashen don hazo ba a bayyane yake kamar na zafin jiki ba.:92 A yankunan arewa da na tsakiya,ana hasashen hazo zai karu yayin da a yawancin tsakiyar yammacin Argentina da Patagonia, ana haskaka hazo zai ragu.^[1] Saboda Argentina tana iya fuskantar canjin yanayi, irin waɗannan canje-canjen da aka tsara bisa ga samfuran na iya inganta halin yanzu ko haifar da sabbin matsalolin da ke da alaƙa da canjin yanayi a Argentina: 25^[2] 

Hotuna masu zuwa suna nuna canje-canjen da aka tsara acikin nau'ikan yanayi bisaga rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen.  

Ruwan sama da abubuwan da suka faru

Matsakaicin ruwan sama a kowace shekara a wasu ƙasashe

An sami karuwar hazo na shekara-shekara a kusan dukkanin kasar Argentina, musamman a arewa maso gabas da tsakiyar sassan kasar.^:29:24Tun daga 1970, hazo ya karu da kashi 10% a arewa maso gabas yayin da a sassan lardin La Pampa da yammacin lardin Buenos Aires, ya karu da kashi 40%.^:86Mafi girman haɓakar hazo(daga lokacin 1960-2010)ya faru a sassan gabashin ƙasar.^:15Sabanin haka,Yannick Andean na Patagonia tare da yankin Cuyo yasami raguwar hazo, wanda ya haifar da raguwar kwararar kogin a cikin shekaru 100 da suka gabata.^[3]:15Wasu sassan Patagonia a cikin Andes sun ga raguwar hazo da kashi 30-50% tun tsakiyar karni na 20. ^[1]

Hawan matakin teku

A yawancin yankunan bakin teku na Argentina, ba za ta sha wahala daga ambaliyar ruwa ta dindindin da asarar ƙasa da ke da alaƙa da hauhawar matakin teku ba tunda yawancin yankunan da ke bakin teku tsaunuka ne masu tsawo:97 Duk da haka, Diawara ƙasar noma za a iya rasa idan matakan teku suka tashi da 1 m(3.3 ft).:67 Hawan matakin teku zai shafi ƙasar ta hanyar karuwar yawan guguwa a yankunan bakin tekun, gami da Buenos Aires kuma binciken ya nuna cewa Buenos Aires na iya samun tasiri sosai ta hanyar hauhawar teku:67:98^[1][1][4][2] 

Tasirin da aka yi wa mutane

Tasirin Tattalin Arziki

Aikin noma

Filin soya a cikin yankin Buenos Aires, Argentina

Canjin yanayi zai shafi aikin gona.^[1] Ragewar ruwan sama da aka lura a cikin Andes za a yi hasashen ci gaba da raguwa, yana shafar wutar lantarki har ma da yawa: An yi hasashen cewa 33 Glaciers za su ci gaba da koma baya da narkewa ko a wasu yankuna, su ɓace.^[1] An yi hasashen cewa yankin Cuyo na iya fuskantar yiwuwar matsalar ruwa saboda karuwar bukatar ruwa saboda raguwar kogin kogin da kuma karuwar evapotranspiration daga haɗuwa da ruwan sama da yanayin zafi mafi girma.: 95 Mafi girman zafin jiki zai haifar da dusar ƙanƙara ta narke a farkon shekara, yana haifar da hauhawar kwararar kogi a cikin watanni na bazara da raguwa a lokacin rani, wanda shine lokacin da bukatar ruwa ta fi girma ga aikin gona.^[1][1] Babban buƙatun ruwa zai haifar da amfani da ruwan ƙasa don ban ruwa wanda ke haifar da farashin ban ruwa, yana haifar da lalacewar ingancin ruwa, kuma yana haifar da raguwar ruwa. ^:95 A arewacin Patagonia, ana hasashen irin wannan yanayin wanda tasirin mummunan zai iya faruwa a nan gaba don 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu saboda raguwar ruwan da ke akwai.^[1][2][1] An yi hasashen cewa tsakanin 2020-2040, kogin da ke cikin Kogin Colorado da Kogin Chubut zai ragu da kashi 20% saboda ƙarin ban ruwa: 97^[2] 

A cikin rabin karshe na karni na 20, rashin dusar ƙanƙara a mafi girman tsaunuka a yankin Cuyo ya shafi aikin gona da samar da ruwan inabi saboda karancin ruwa da ke cikin koguna (ragewa a cikin 50% na kwararar kogi).

Bincike da yawa sun nuna cewa yawan amfanin alkama, soya da masara ba zai canza sosai ba a tsakiyar karni na 21.^[1] Wannan shi ne saboda yayin da samar da amfanin gona na iya ƙaruwa a kudanci da yammacin sassan Pampas, zai ragu a sassan arewa.^[1] A cikin arewa da tsakiya na kasar, yanayin zafi mafi girma da aka tsara don wannan yankin yana haifar da mafi girma: 94 Haɗe da ƙananan canjin ruwan sama ga wannan yankin, mai yiwuwa zai zama mafi bushewa, wanda ke haifar da hamada.: 94 A yankunan da yawanci suna da hunturu mai bushewa, mafi girma zai kara fari wanda zai hana aikin gona: 88, 94^[2][2] 

Tun daga tsakiyar karni na 20, 600 mm (24 in) isohyet a kudu da 800 mm (31 in) isochyet a arewa, wanda kusan ya zama iyakokin da za a iya samar da aikin gona ya koma fiye da 100 km (62 mi) zuwa yamma, yana fadada yiwuwar samar da aikin noma zuwa waɗannan yankuna: 86, 87 

Ko da yake karuwar hazo zai fadada aikin noma zuwa yamma a yankunan da a baya busassu ya yi yawa kuma zai amfanar da wutar lantarki sakamakon karuwar kwararar kogin, za a samu karuwar yawan hazo kamar ambaliya, ƙanƙara da ƙarfi. iskar da ke iya lalata wadannan filayen noma. ^{:29–30 :25}An lura da waɗannan abubuwan tare da karuwa a cikin kogin - rafi a mafi yawan ƙasar ban da kogin da suka samo asali daga Andes, da kuma karuwa a cikin matsanancin hazo wanda ya haifar da asarar tattalin arziki mai yawa. ^{[2] :25,87}Wadannan matsanancin hazo irin su ambaliya, da ƙanƙara sun fi faruwa a gabas, ^{[5] :30}wanda ya kai ga lalata filayen noma a wadannan yankuna. ^{[2] :88}Haɓakar hazo ya haifar da samun sauye-sauyen hazo daga shekara zuwa shekara a sassan arewacin ƙasar, tare da ƙarin haɗarin fari na tsawan lokaci, da rashin jin daɗin noma a waɗannan yankuna . ^{[2] :88}

Tasirin kiwon lafiya

Canjin yanayi na iya fadada wuraren zama na cututtukan da ke dauke da cututtukani na wurare masu zafi kamar zazzabin cizon sauro da ke yaduwa zuwa kudu.^[6]

Tasirin gidaje

Yanayin zafi mafi girma na iya shafar yankunan birane ta hanyar shafar samar da ayyuka kamar ruwa da makamashi ta hanyar kara buƙatun waɗannan ayyukan: Ruwa mai zafi ^:94, kamar wanda a cikin 2013-2014 a lokacin rani na iya zama mafi yawanci da ƙarfi. Wadannan raƙuman zafi na iya tasiri ga samar da aikin gona yayin da a cikin birane, yana sanya ƙarin buƙata akan bukatun makamashi.: 94 Abubuwan da suka faru na hazo na iya zama na yau da kullun, wanda ke haifar da mummunan sakamako.: 33^[2] 

Argentina, tare da yawancin jama'arta da ke zaune a cikin birane suna da rauni ga abubuwan da ke faruwa da ruwan sama mai tsanani tunda birane da yawa suna kusa da ruwa (koguna, tabkuna da teku), wanda ke kara yiwuwar shan wahala daga waɗannan abubuwan da ke faru da ruwan sama masu tsanani kamar ambaliyar ruwa 95: 

Duba kuma

• Yanayin yanayi na Argentina
• 2022 Kudancin Kudancin

Manazarta

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Ƙarin karantawa

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Haɗin waje

• Cibiyar Bincike na Tekun da Sararin samaniya ((in Spanish))
• Sadarwar Kasa ta Uku ta Argentina don Canjin Yanayi ((in Spanish))
• Sadarwar Kasa ta Biyu ta Argentina don Canjin Yanayi ((in Spanish))