Daniel Gravius

 

Daniel Gravius
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Dordrecht ^(en) , 1616
ƙasa	Dutch Republic ^(en)
Mazauni	Dutch Formosa ^(en)
Mutuwa	Middelburg ^(en) , 1681
Karatu
Harsuna	Dutch ^(en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	linguist ^(en)
Employers	Dutch East India Company ^(en)
Imani
Addini	Dutch Reformed Church ^(en)

Daniel Gravius (1616-1681) ya kasance mai wa'azi a ƙasashen na Dutch a Formosa . Ya kasance ƙwararren masanin harshe, wanda ya fassara ɓangarorin Littafi Mai-Tsarki da sauran matani na Kirista zuwa yaren Siraya. Bayan ya fadi tare da Gwamnan Formosa Nicolas Verburg, an zarge shi da tsegumi kuma an zarge su. Daga baya an cire shi gaba ɗaya kuma ya koma ƙasarsa ta Netherlands tare da sunansa ba tare da lalacewa ba.

Aikin zuwa Formosa

An fara ambaton Gravius a cikin tarihin tarihi a matsayin mai wa'azi a Aardenburg . Bayan shekaru biyu a Batavia yana samun horo kuma yana jiran a ba shi mukamin mishan (inda ya auri matarsa ta farko Maria Poots ), Gravius ya tafi Formosa a 1647 kuma an ajiye shi a ƙauyen Soulang . An yaba masa da gabatar da manufar kiwon dabbobi don noma ga 'yan asalin ƙasar. Gravius ya fassara ayyukan Kirista zuwa yaren Siraya, gami da tsari, ɓangarorin Littafi Mai-Tsarki da sauran warƙoƙi daban-daban, waɗanda ya haɗa da misalai don bayyana ma'anar ga 'yan asalin Formosans.^[1] Masana daga baya sun yi amfani da aikinsa na harshe don haskaka ayyukan al'adu na Siraya; alal misali, ya lura cewa Siraya ba ta da kalmomi don caca, Bayin ko Bautar.Harshen Siraya kusan ya ɓace, amma an sake gina shi tare da ayyukan Gravius kuma an sake gabatar da shi tsakanin sauran Siraya dubu talatin. ^[2]

A ƙauyen da aka ajiye Gravius, ba wai kawai yana da alhakin rayuwar addini na ƙauyen ba, har ma ya kasance babban jami'in shari'a a wurin zama. Wannan rawar biyu ta kasance tushen korafe-korafe da yawa daga malamai, amma Majalisar Formosa (kungiyar Dutch Formosa) ta yi watsi da waɗannan korafe-rikice. A shekara ta 1651 Gravius ya rubuta wa Gwamna Nicolas Verburg yana gunaguni game da babban jami'insa na shari'a, babban mai suna Dirck Snoucq, kuma yana zargin shi "mutumin kunya da ƙiyayya". Abin takaici ga Gravius, Verburg ya ɗauki gefen Snouccq, yana mai bayyana cewa "wannan kebul na mummunar tsegumi an kafa shi da yawa na cin zarafi da rashin ayyukan da ba su da yawa na irin wannan yanayin da ba za a iya ambata su a daki-daki ba. "

Gwamna Verburg ya kauce wa hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita don gwada shari'ar tsegumi ta hanyar kin sauraron Majalisar Formosa, bisa ga zaton cewa Frederick Coyett, memba na wannan majalisa, zai yi mulki a madadin Gravius. Ya ci tarar Gravius 1,000 guilders (adadi mai yawa) sannan kuma "ya kaddamar da kamfen mai tsanani a kan [Gravius] da kuma ikon malamai gabaɗaya. " Hukumomi a cikin mulkin mallaka sun sauka cikin ƙungiyoyi masu rikici kuma an aika kwamishinan daga Batavia don warware rikici. Wannan kwamishinan, Willem Verstegen, ya sami kuskure a bangarorin biyu kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa a cire malamai daga ayyukan shari'a don kauce wa ƙarin rikici.^[3] Gravius ya tafi Batavia a shekara ta 1651 don yin kira ga Gwamna-Janar na Dutch East Indies Carel Reyniersz da mabiyansa Joan Maetsuycker game da hukuncin da Verburg ya yanke.^[4] (A cikin wannan shekarar Majalisar Indiya ta kuma yi hulɗa da Cornelis van der Lijn da François Caron, waɗanda aka mayar da su Holland, ana zargin su da cinikayya mara adalci.)

Gravius ya kasance a Batavia na tsawon shekaru uku, yana jayayya da shari'arsa, har sai an same shi ba tare da laifi ba kuma an dawo da kuɗin da aka karɓa daga gare shi a cikin tarar. Ya koma Netherlands a matsayin mai wa'azi, inda ya sake yin aure a Veere kuma daga ƙarshe ya mutu a 1681 a Middelburg.

Ayyukan da aka buga

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Dubi kuma

• Jacobus Vertrecht [] (Jacobus Vertrecht)

Bayani

1. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Otness
2. "De Siraya-taal is ingeslapen en wordt nu wakker gekust".
3. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Shep70
4. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Campbell268

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