Edith Hughes (Mai gini)

Edith Hughes (Mai gini)
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Edinburgh, 7 ga Yuli, 1888
ƙasa	Birtaniya Scotland ^(en) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Mutuwa	Stirling ^(en) , 28 ga Augusta, 1971
Yanayin mutuwa	Sababi na ainihi (Ciwon huhu)
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	George Wardlaw Burnet
Abokiyar zama	Thomas Harold Hughes ^(en)  (1918 -  1949)
Karatu
Makaranta	Gray's School of Art ^(en)
Harsuna	Turanci
Sana'a
Sana'a	Masanin gine-gine da zane
Employers	Glasgow School of Art ^(en) The Robert Gordon University ^(en)
Kyaututtuka	gani Fellow of the Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland

Edith Mary Wardlaw Burnet Hughes HonFRIAS (7 Yuli 1888 – 28 Agusta 1971) yar asalin Scotland ce, kuma ana daukarta a matsayin mace ta farko da ta fara aikin gine-ginen a Biritaniya, bayan ta kafa kamfanin gine-gine nata a 1920. ^{[lower-alpha 1]}

Kuruciya

An haifi Edith Mary Burnet a Edinburgh, 'yar May Crudelius da George Wardlaw Burnet,mai ba da shawara.Iyalin sun rayu a 6 West Circus Place a gundumar Stockbridge. ^[2] Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Titin Queens 59 a Aberdeen lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri mahaifinta Sheriff Madadin Aberdeenshire a kusa da 1890.^[3]

Kakarta Mary Crudelius ta yi yakin neman ilimin mata. Bayan mutuwar mahaifinta a shekara ta 1901 ta tashi daga kawunta, John James Burnet,wani mashahurin gine-gine. Sun zauna a Lambunan Jami'a 18 a Glasgow. ^[4]

Ta yi tafiya a Turai,tana nazarin fasaha da gine-gine,da kuma halartar laccoci a Sorbonne,har zuwa kusa da 1911,lokacin da ta shiga Gray's School of Art, Aberdeen.Da farko tana nazarin ƙirar lambun,ta canza zuwa gine-gine, kuma an ba ta difloma a 1914.A shekara ta biyo ta aka nada ta malama a Makarantar. Ta yi aiki a takaice a ofishin Jenkins da Marr,kafin ta auri tsohon malaminta, masanin injiniya Thomas Harold Hughes (1887-1949), a cikin 1918.

Aiki

Kabarin Edith Hughes, Makabartar Warriston, Edinburgh

An hana Hughes da mijinta wani wuri a ofishin Burnet na London,wani bangare saboda babu dakin wanka na mata. Koyaya, mijinta ya shiga ofishin Burnet's Glasgow a matsayin abokin tarayya a cikin 1919.Rashin jituwa da wani abokin tarayya ta kai ga barinta a shekara mai zuwa,don fara koyarwa a Makarantar Fasaha ta Glasgow,inda daga baya ta zama shugaban gine-gine. Ta kafa nata aikin a Glasgow a cikin 1920.A 1927,ta zama mace ta farko da aka zaba don zama memba na Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), wadanda suka zaba ciki har da John Begg da kawunta, John Burnet. Duk da haka, masu ba da shawara kan shari'a na RIBA sun bayyana cewa ba za a iya zabe ta ba, kuma RIBA ta kasance cibiyar dukan maza har sai zaben Josephine Miller a 1938. Hakanan an hana ta shiga Royal Incorporation of Architects a Scotland (RIAS). ^[5] Bayan yakin duniya na biyu,Hughes ta sake kafa aikinta a Edinburgh.An zabe ta a matsayin mai daraja ta RIAS a 1968.Ta yi ritaya daga aikin ba da daɗewa ba bayan ta sami zumunci, kuma ta koma Kippen,ta mutuwa da ciwon huhu a Stirling a 1971.

An binne ta tare da iyayenta a makabartar Warriston da ke arewacin Edinburgh. Kabarin yana kan babbar hanyar yamma a gefensa na gabas,inda matakin ƙasa ya faɗi zuwa ƙananan sashin kudu.

Iyali

Hughes da mijinta suna da ’ya’ya mata uku.Ita da mijinta sun rayu galibi dabam bayan yakin duniya na biyu har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1949.

Ayyuka

Coatbridge War Memorial (1924)

Hukumarta ta farko ita ce ta “Rutherford Memorial” a shekara ta 1916,ko da yake ba a san wurin da yanayin wannan aikin ba. A cikin aikin nata, ta mai da hankali kan kwamitocin cikin gida, gami da sauye-sauye da yawa na zama,da ƙwararrun ƙirar kicin. Ayyukanta na jama'a sun haɗa da Coatbridge War Memorial (1924),da Glasgow Mercat Cross (1930), kwafin giciye na Mercat na zamanin da da ke Glasgow Cross. Ta gudanar da gyare-gyare ga ginin Glasgow Society of Lady Artists' a Blythswood Square, Glasgow, kuma ita ce ke da alhakin sauya gidajen Edinburgh da yawa zuwa gidaje.Ta tsunduma cikin ayyuka a St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral and Music School, Edinburgh, daga 1956 zuwa 1965. Mafi mahimmancin kwamitocinta na Cathedral sune rubutun dutse,tare da murfin ƙarfe da aka yi da shi,da allon ƙarfe da aka yi wa Chapel na St Margaret na Scotland.^[6]

Duba kuma

• Mata a gine-gine

Bayanan kula

1. Hughes was not Britain's first woman architect; this may have been Elizabeth Wilbraham who was active in the early 1660s.^[1]

Nassoshi

1. Merrick, Jay (16 February 2011). "Elizabeth Wilbraham, the first lady of architecture". The Independent. Retrieved 2011-04-12.
2. Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1888
3. Aberdeen Post Office Directory 1900
4. Glasgow Post Office Directory 1902
5. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named DSAEdithHughes
6. Empty citation (help)