Erga omnes

Erga omnes
Latin phrase ^(en) da legal concept ^(en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	subjective right ^(en)
Bangare na	list of Latin phrases (E) ^(en)
Suna a harshen gida	erga omnes
Hannun riga da	Q1703509

Erga omnes jumla ce ta Latin wacce ke nufin "zuwa ga kowa" ko "ga kowa". A cikin kalmomi na shari'a , haƙƙoƙi ko wajibai ana bin su ga kowa . Misali, haƙƙin mallaka haƙƙin ne na kowane mutum, don haka ana aiwatar da shi akan duk wanda kuma ya keta wannan haƙƙin. Ana kuma iya bambanta haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin doka (haƙƙin doka) a nan daga haƙƙin bisa kwangila, wanda ba za a iya aiwatar da shi ba sai a kan ƙungiyar da ke yin kwangila.

Dokokin kasa da kasa

A dokar kasa da kasa, sannan kuma an yi amfani da ita azaman kalmar shari'a da ke bayyana wajibcin da jihohi ke bin al'ummar jihohin gaba daya. Wani wajibcin erga yana wanzuwa saboda sha'awa ta duniya da ba za a iya musantawa ba a cikin ci gaba da haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙinsu. Saboda haka, kowace jiha tana da hakkin yin korafin wani laifi. Misalan ƙa'idodin erga omnes sun haɗa da satar fasaha da kisan kare dangi . An gane manufar a cikin hukuncin Kotun Duniya na Shari'a a cikin shari'ar Traction Barcelona ^[1] [( Belgium v Spain ) (Mataki na biyu) ICJ Rep 1970 3 a sakin layi na 33]:

…Ya kamata a fito da wani muhimmin bambamci tsakanin wajibcin da wata kasa ta rataya a wuyan kasa da kasa baki daya, da kuma wadanda suka taso dangane da wata kasa a fagen kariyar diflomasiyya . Dangane da yanayinsu, na farko shine damuwar dukkan Jihohi. Bisa la'akari da mahimmancin haƙƙoƙin da abin ya shafa, duk Jihohi za a iya riƙe su da sha'awar shari'a game da kariyarsu; wajibai ne erga omnes. [a 34] Irin waɗannan wajibai sun samo, alal misali, a cikin dokokin duniya na zamani, daga haramta ayyukan zalunci, da kisan kare dangi, kamar yadda kuma daga ka'idoji da ka'idoji game da haƙƙin ɗan adam, ciki har da kariya daga bauta da launin fata. nuna bambanci. Wasu daga cikin haƙƙoƙin da suka dace na kariyar sun shiga cikin tsarin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa gabaɗaya ... wasu kuma ana ba da su ta hanyar kayan aikin ƙasa da ƙasa na halin duniya ko na duniya.

Misalai

• A cikin shawararta na ranar 9 ga Yulin shekarar 2004, Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya ta gano "'yancin mutane na yancin kai " ya zama mai hakki erga omnes . ^[2] Sakamakon binciken ya yi nuni da labarin na 22 na Alkawari na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasashen Duniya .
• A hukuncin da ta yanke a ranar 20 ga Yulin 2012 tsakanin Belgium da Senegal, Kotun Duniya ta gano cewa dangane da yarjejeniyar yaki da azabtarwa " duk wata jam'iyyar da ke cikin yarjejeniyar na iya daukar nauyin wata jam'iyya ta wata jiha da nufin tabbatar da gazawar da ake zargin ta yi. bi da wajibai erga omnes partes ”. ^[3]
• A cikin odarta kan matakan wucin gadi na 23 ga Janairu, 2020, Kotun Duniya ta gano cewa Gambiya tana da fifiko a kan batun kisan kiyashin Rohingya da ta gabatar a kan Myanmar bisa yarjejeniyar kisan kare dangi . ^[4]

Hukumar Dokokin Duniya

Hukumar dokokin kasa da kasa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta tsara ka'idar erga omnes a cikin daftarin labarinta kan alhakin kasa . Matakin ya baiwa dukkan kasashe damar daukar nauyin kasa da wata kasa ta tafka saboda ayyukanta da suka sabawa doka idan "wajibin da aka keta ya kasance daga kasashen duniya baki daya". ILC tana magana kai tsaye a cikin sharhinta ga wannan labarin zuwa ka'idar erga omnes da yarda da ICJ a cikin shari'ar Traction na Barcelona . ^[5]

Duba sauran wasu abubuwan

• Inter sassa
• Jus cogens (ka'ida ta yau da kullun)

Nassoshi

1. Empty citation (help)
2. Legal consequences of the construction of a wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territories art. 88; 9 July 2004
3. Questions relating to the Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite. International Court of Justice. 20 July 2012, para 69.
4. Order on provisional measures. International Court of Justice. 23 January 2020, paras 39-42.
5. Report of the Commission to the General Assembly on the work of its fifty-third session (23 April – 1 June and 2 July– 10 August) A/56/10 (2001) II (Part Two) p. 127, para 8 and Jesper Jarl Fanø (2019). Enforcing International Maritime Legislation on Air Pollution through UNCLOS. Hart Publishing. Ch. 18.