Favipiravir

Favipiravir
type of chemical entity (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na chemical compound (en) Fassara
Amfani magani
Color (en) Fassara Fari da light yellow (en) Fassara
Sinadaran dabara C₅H₄FN₃O₂
Canonical SMILES (en) Fassara C1=C(N=C(C(=O)N1)C(=O)N)F
Active ingredient in (en) Fassara Avigan (en) Fassara
World Health Organisation international non-proprietary name (en) Fassara favipiravirum, favipiravir, favipiravir da favipiravir
Route of administration (en) Fassara oral administration (en) Fassara
Subject has role (en) Fassara antiviral drug (en) Fassara

Favipiravir, wanda ake sayar da shi a ƙarƙashin sunan alamar Avigan da sauransu,[1] maganin rigakafi ne wanda ake amfani da shi don magance mura a Japan.[2] Hakanan ana nazarinta don kula da adadin wasu cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da SARS-CoV-2.[2] Kamar magungunan rigakafin gwaji na T-1105 da T-1106, abin da aka samu na pyrazinecarboxamide ne.[3]

Toyama Chemical (wani reshen Fujifilm ) ne ke haɓakawa da ƙera shi kuma an amince da shi don amfanin likita a Japan a cikin 2014.[4] A cikin 2016, Fujifilm ya ba shi lasisi ga Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co. na China.[5] Ya zama magani gama-gari a shekarar 2019, wanda ya baiwa kamfanin damar samar da shi a cikin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin.[ana buƙatar hujja]

Amfani da likita

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An amince da Favipiravir don maganin mura a Japan.[4] An yi, duk da haka, kawai an nuna shi ga sabon mura (cututtukan da ke haifar da cututtuka masu tsanani) maimakon mura na yanayi[4] Tun daga 2020, yuwuwar juriya ta haɓaka tana bayyana ƙasa kaɗan.[4]

Side effects

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Akwai shaida cewa yin amfani da lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da lahani ga jariri.[4] An nuna tasirin teratogenic da embryotoxic akan nau'in dabbobi hudu.[4][6]

Hanyar aiki

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Ana tunanin tsarin ayyukansa yana da alaƙa da zaɓin hana cutar RNA polymerase mai dogaro da RNA.[7] Favipiravir ne prodrug cewa an metabolized zuwa ta aiki form, favipiravir-ribofuranosyl-5'-triphosphate (favipiravir-RTP), akwai a duka na baka da kuma igiyar jini formulations.[8][9] A cikin 2014, an amince da favipiravir a Japan don tarawa da cututtukan mura.[10] Duk da haka, ba a nuna favipiravir yana da tasiri a cikin ƙwayoyin jikin mutum na farko ba, yana jefa shakku kan ingancinsa a cikin maganin mura.[11]

Favipiravir ribofuranosyl triphosphate, nau'i mai aiki a cikin jiki

Favipiravir-RTP analog ne na nucleoside. Yana kwaikwayi duka gunosine da adenosine don RdRP mai hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri. Haɗa irin waɗannan sansanonin guda biyu a jere suna dakatar da haɓakawa na farko, ko da yake ba a san yadda yake ba har zuwa 2013.[7]

Al'umma da al'adu

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Matsayin doka

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Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka ta haɓaka favipiravir tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da MediVector, Inc. a matsayin babban maganin rigakafi da kuma ɗaukar nauyin ta ta hanyar FDA Phase II da Phase III na gwaji na asibiti, inda ya nuna aminci ga mutane da inganci a kan cutar mura.[12] Duk da nuna aminci a cikin marasa lafiya sama da 2,000 da kuma showing accelerated clearance of influenza virus by 6 to 14 hours in the unpublished Phase III trials , favipiravir ya kasance ba a yarda da shi ba a cikin Burtaniya da Amurka.[13] A cikin 2014, Japan ta amince da favipiravir don magance nau'in mura ba tare da jin daɗin maganin rigakafi na yanzu.[14] Toyama Chemical da farko ya yi fatan cewa favipiravir zai zama sabon maganin mura wanda zai iya maye gurbin oseltamivir (sunan mai suna Tamiflu). Duk da haka, gwaje-gwajen dabba suna nuna yiwuwar tasirin teratogenic, kuma amincewa da samar da Ma'aikatar Lafiya, Ma'aikata da Jin Dadin Jama'a ya jinkirta sosai kuma yanayin samarwa yana iyakance ne kawai a cikin gaggawa a Japan.[15]

Duk da ƙayyadaddun bayanai game da inganci, har zuwa Maris 2021 favipiravir an ba da umarnin ko'ina don kula da marasa lafiya na COVID-19 mai sauƙi zuwa matsakaici a Hungary.[16] Ana buƙatar marasa lafiya su sanya hannu kan takardar izini kafin su sami maganin.

Alamar sunayen

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Ana sayar da Favipiravir a ƙarƙashin alamun alamun Avigan , Avifavir,[17] Areplivir,[18] FabiFlu,[19] Favipira,[20] da Reeqonus.[21][22]

Bincike

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CUTAR COVID-19

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Fabipravir, a matsayin maganin rigakafi, an ba shi izini don kula da COVID-19 a cikin ƙasashe da yawa ciki har da Japan, Rasha, Serbia, Turkiyya, da Indiya, ƙarƙashin tanadin gaggawa.[23][24][25] Wani saurin bita-bita a cikin Satumba 2020 (nazarin karatu huɗu) ya lura cewa maganin ya haifar da haɓakar asibiti da na rediyo; duk da haka, ba a rage yawan mace-mace ko bambance-bambance a cikin buƙatun tallafin oxygen ba kuma an nemi ƙarin bincike mai zurfi.[26][27]

Ebola

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Bincike a cikin 2014, ya nuna cewa favipiravir na iya samun tasiri akan cutar Ebola bisa ga binciken a cikin nau'in linzamin kwamfuta ; ba a magance tasiri a cikin mutane ba.[28][29][30]

A lokacin da 2014 West Africa cutar cutar Ebola, a Faransa nas anda suka kamu da cutar Ebola yayin gudanar da aikin sa ga kungiyar likitoci ta Sans Frontières (MSF) a Liberia rahoto warke bayan samun wani hanya na favipiravir.[31] An fara gwajin gwaji na asibiti kan amfani da favipiravir kan cutar Ebola a Guéckédou, Guinea, a cikin Disamba 2014.[32] Sakamakon farko da aka gabatar a cikin 2016 a taron kan Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), daga baya aka buga, ya nuna raguwar mace-mace a cikin marasa lafiya da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jini, amma babu wani tasiri ga marasa lafiya da manyan matakan (ƙungiyar). a mafi girman haɗarin mutuwa).[33][34][35] An soki ƙirar gwajin gaba ɗaya don amfani da sarrafa tarihi kawai.[36]

Nipah

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Nipah virus ne a causative wakili na annobar cutar da encephalitis da ciwon huhu da kuma yana da babban hali fatality kudi . Barkewar farko ta faru ne a kasar Malesiya-Singapore, dangane da hulda da aladu a wuraren yanka da kuma bullar cutar a kasar Philippines mai alaka da yankan dawakai, yawancin sauran bullar cutar sun shafi Indiya da Bangladesh. a Bangladesh ana alakanta barkewar barkewar cutar da shan danyen dabino da aka gurbata da miya da fitsarin jemagu na 'ya'yan itace.[37] A cikin wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Rahoton Kimiyya, an yi amfani da samfurin hamster na Siriya don kamuwa da cutar Nipah, wanda ke kwatanta yawancin nau'o'in cututtukan mutane, irin su vasculitis, ciwon huhu, da kuma encephalitis. Magungunan hamsters sun kamu da kwayar cutar ta 10 4 PFU NiV-M ta hanyar intraperitoneal (ip) mai kama da binciken da aka yi a baya kuma an fara magani nan da nan bayan kamuwa da cuta. Ana gudanar da Favipiravir sau biyu a rana ta hanyar peroral (po) na tsawon kwanaki 14. Magungunan hamsters da aka kula da su sun nuna tsira 100% kuma babu wata cuta ta zahiri bayan ƙalubalen NiV mai kisa, yayin da duk lamuran kulawa sun mutu da mummunar cuta.[38]

A gwaje-gwajen a cikin dabbobi favipiravir ya nuna aiki da West Nile virus, rawaya zazzabi cutar, kafar-da-bakin cuta cutar, kazalika da sauran flaviviruses, arenaviruses, bunyaviruses da alphaviruses .[39] Har ila yau, an nuna aikin rigakafin cutar enterovirus[40] da cutar zazzabin Rift Valley.[41] Favipiravir ya nuna iyakacin inganci akan cutar Zika a cikin nazarin dabbobi, amma bai da tasiri fiye da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta kamar MK-608.[42] Har ila yau, wakilin ya nuna wani tasiri a kan ciwon huhu,[43] kuma an yi amfani da shi ta gwaji a wasu mutanen da suka kamu da cutar.[44]

Tautomerism

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An bincika yuwuwar tautomerism na favipiravir ta hanyar lissafi. An gano cewa nau'i mai kama da enol ya fi kwanciyar hankali a cikin maganin ruwa fiye da nau'in keto-kamar, ma'ana cewa Favipiravir yana iya kasancewa kusan a cikin nau'i mai kama da enol a cikin maganin ruwa. Bayan protonation ana kunna nau'in keto. Duk da haka an yi watsi da waɗannan binciken tare da buƙatar tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar gwaji.[45]

  • Enol-kamar tautomeric form
    Enol-kamar tautomeric form
  • Keto-kamar tautomeric form
    Keto-kamar tautomeric form

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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  •  "Favipiravir". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "Glenmark launches Covid-19 drug FabiFlu, priced at Rs 103 per tablet". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 20 June 2020.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Du YX, Chen XP (April 2020). "Favipiravir: pharmacokinetics and concerns about clinical trials for 2019-nCoV infection". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 108 (2): 242–247. doi:10.1002/cpt.1844. PMID 32246834.
  3. ↑ Furuta, Yousuke; Takahashi, Kazumi; Shiraki, Kimiyasu; Sakamoto, Kenichi; Smee, Donald F.; Barnard, Dale L.; Gowen, Brian B.; Julander, Justin G.; Morrey, John D. (2009). "T-705 (Favipiravir) and related compounds: Novel broad-spectrum inhibitors of RNA viral infections". Antiviral Research. 82 (3): 95–102. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.02.198. PMC 7127082. PMID 19428599.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Shiraki K, Daikoku T (February 2020). "Favipiravir, an anti-influenza drug against life-threatening RNA virus infections". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 209: 107512. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107512. PMC 7102570. PMID 32097670.
  5. ↑ EJ Lane (June 22, 2016). "Fujifilm in Avigan API license with Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceuticals". Fierce Pharma. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  6. ↑ Pilkington, Victoria; Pepperrell, Toby; Hill, Andrew (2020). "A review of the safety of favipiravir – a potential treatment in the COVID-19 pandemic?". Journal of Virus Eradication. 6 (2): 45–51. doi:10.1016/S2055-6640(20)30016-9. ISSN 2055-6640. PMC 7331506. PMID 32405421.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Jin Z, Smith LK, Rajwanshi VK, Kim B, Deval J (2013). "The ambiguous base-pairing and high substrate efficiency of T-705 (Favipiravir) Ribofuranosyl 5'-triphosphate towards influenza A virus polymerase". PLOS ONE. 8 (7): e68347. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...868347J. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068347. PMC 3707847. PMID 23874596.
  8. ↑ Guedj J, Piorkowski G, Jacquot F, Madelain V, Nguyen TH, Rodallec A, et al. (March 2018). "Antiviral efficacy of favipiravir against Ebola virus: A translational study in cynomolgus macaques". PLOS Medicine. 15 (3): e1002535. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002535. PMC 5870946. PMID 29584730.
  9. ↑ Smee DF, Hurst BL, Egawa H, Takahashi K, Kadota T, Furuta Y (October 2009). "Intracellular metabolism of favipiravir (T-705) in uninfected and influenza A (H5N1) virus-infected cells". The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 64 (4): 741–6. doi:10.1093/jac/dkp274. PMC 2740635. PMID 19643775.
  10. ↑ Koons C (7 August 2014). "Ebola Drug From Japan May Emerge Among Key Candidates". Bloomberg.com.
  11. ↑ Yoon JJ, Toots M, Lee S, Lee ME, Ludeke B, Luczo JM, et al. (August 2018). "Orally Efficacious Broad-Spectrum Ribonucleoside Analog Inhibitor of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 62 (8): e00766–18. doi:10.1128/AAC.00766-18. PMC 6105843. PMID 29891600.
  12. ↑ "MediVector Completes Patient Enrollment In Two Phase 3 Studies Of Favipiravir For Influenza". BioSpace. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  13. ↑ Lumby, Casper (3 March 2020). "Favipiravir and Zanamivir Cleared Infection with Influenza B in a Severely Immunocompromised Child". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 71 (7): e191–e194. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa023. PMID 32124919.
  14. ↑ Hayden FG, Shindo N (April 2019). "Influenza virus polymerase inhibitors in clinical development". Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 32 (2): 176–186. doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000532. PMC 6416007. PMID 30724789. open access publication - free to read
  15. ↑ 条件付き承認で普及に足かせ 富山化学インフル薬の"無念" (in Japananci). Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  16. ↑ "A kórházakat tehermentesítheti az egyforintos koronavírus-gyógyszer". telex (in Harshen Hungari). 2021-03-11. Retrieved 2021-03-30.
  17. ↑ "Avifavir". Russian drug reference. Medum.ru.
  18. ↑ "Arelpivir". Russian drug reference. Medum.ru.
  19. ↑ "'FabiFlu is the most economical COVID-19 treatment option': Glenmark's reply to Centre on alleged 'overpricing'". DNA India. 21 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  20. ↑ "Favipira - Tablet - 200 mg - Beacon Pharmaceuticals Ltd. - Indications, Pharmacology, Dosage, Side Effects & other Generic Info". Medex. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  21. ↑ "Broad-Spectrum Oral Antiviral Sales Surge for COVID-19 Treatment". www.precisionvaccinations.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2021-11-06. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
  22. ↑ "Favipiravir | Appili Therapeutics". Appili - LIVE (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2021-11-06. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
  23. ↑ Ueda, Munetaka; Tanimoto, Tetsuya; Murayama, Anju; Ozaki, Akihiko; Kami, Masahiro (2021). "Japan's Drug Regulation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons From a Case Study of Favipiravir". Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (in Turanci). n/a (n/a). doi:10.1002/cpt.2251. ISSN 1532-6535. PMC 8251038 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 33882157 Check |pmid= value (help).
  24. ↑ Reuters Staff (2020-09-18). "Russia approves first COVID-19 prescription drug for sale in pharmacies". Reuters (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-05-20.
  25. ↑ Pulla, Priyanka (2020-11-25). "Is Favipiravir Good for COVID-19? Clinical Trial Says No, Press Release Says Yes". The Wire Science (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-05-20.
  26. ↑ Vaidyanathan, Gayathri (2020-11-09). "Scientists criticize use of unproven COVID drugs in India". Nature (in Turanci). 587 (7833): 187–188. Bibcode:2020Natur.587..187V. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-03105-7. PMID 33169025.
  27. ↑ Shrestha DB, Budhathoki P, Khadka S, Shah PB, Pokharel N, Rashmi P (September 2020). "Favipiravir versus other antiviral or standard of care for COVID-19 treatment: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis". Virol J. 17 (1): 141. doi:10.1186/s12985-020-01412-z. PMC 7512218. PMID 32972430.
  28. ↑ Gatherer D (August 2014). "The 2014 Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa". The Journal of General Virology. 95 (Pt 8): 1619–1624. doi:10.1099/vir.0.067199-0. PMID 24795448.
  29. ↑ Oestereich L, Lüdtke A, Wurr S, Rieger T, Muñoz-Fontela C, Günther S (May 2014). "Successful treatment of advanced Ebola virus infection with T-705 (favipiravir) in a small animal model". Antiviral Research. 105: 17–21. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.02.014. PMID 24583123.
  30. ↑ Smither SJ, Eastaugh LS, Steward JA, Nelson M, Lenk RP, Lever MS (April 2014). "Post-exposure efficacy of oral T-705 (Favipiravir) against inhalational Ebola virus infection in a mouse model". Antiviral Research. 104: 153–5. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.01.012. PMID 24462697.
  31. ↑ "First French Ebola patient leaves hospital". Reuters. 4 October 2016.
  32. ↑ "Guinea: Clinical Trial for Potential Ebola Treatment Started in MSF Clinic in Guinea". AllAfrica – All the Time. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  33. ↑ "Favipiravir in Patients with Ebola Virus Disease: Early Results of the JIKI trial in Guinea". CROIconference.org. Retrieved 2016-03-17.
  34. ↑ Sissoko D, Laouenan C, Folkesson E, M'Lebing AB, Beavogui AH, Baize S, et al. (March 2016). "Experimental Treatment with Favipiravir for Ebola Virus Disease (the JIKI Trial): A Historically Controlled, Single-Arm Proof-of-Concept Trial in Guinea". PLOS Medicine. 13 (3): e1001967. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001967. PMC 4773183. PMID 26930627.
  35. ↑ Fink S (4 February 2015). "Ebola Drug Aids Some in a Study in West Africa". The New York Times.
  36. ↑ Cohen J (26 February 2015). "Results from encouraging Ebola trial scrutinized". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aaa7912. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  37. ↑ Banerjee, Sayantan; Gupta, Nitin; Kodan, Parul; Mittal, Ankit; Ray, Yogiraj; Nischal, Neeraj; Soneja, Manish; Biswas, Ashutosh; Wig, Naveet (February 2019). "Nipah virus disease: A rare and intractable disease". Intractable & Rare Diseases Research. 8 (1): 1–8. doi:10.5582/irdr.2018.01130. ISSN 2186-3644. PMC 6409114. PMID 30881850.
  38. ↑ Dawes, Brian E.; Kalveram, Birte; Ikegami, Tetsuro; Juelich, Terry; Smith, Jennifer K.; Zhang, Lihong; Park, Arnold; Lee, Benhur; Komeno, Takashi; Furuta, Yousuke; Freiberg, Alexander N. (15 May 2018). "Favipiravir (T-705) protects against Nipah virus infection in the hamster model". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 7604. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.7604D. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-25780-3. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5954062. PMID 29765101.
  39. ↑ Furuta Y, Takahashi K, Shiraki K, Sakamoto K, Smee DF, Barnard DL, et al. (June 2009). "T-705 (favipiravir) and related compounds: Novel broad-spectrum inhibitors of RNA viral infections". Antiviral Research. 82 (3): 95–102. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.02.198. PMC 7127082. PMID 19428599.
  40. ↑ Furuta Y, Gowen BB, Takahashi K, Shiraki K, Smee DF, Barnard DL (November 2013). "Favipiravir (T-705), a novel viral RNA polymerase inhibitor". Antiviral Research. 100 (2): 446–54. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.09.015. PMC 3880838. PMID 24084488.
  41. ↑ Caroline AL, Powell DS, Bethel LM, Oury TD, Reed DS, Hartman AL (April 2014). "Broad spectrum antiviral activity of favipiravir (T-705): protection from highly lethal inhalational Rift Valley Fever". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 8 (4): e2790. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002790. PMC 3983105. PMID 24722586.
  42. ↑ Mumtaz N, van Kampen JJ, Reusken CB, Boucher CA, Koopmans MP (2016). "Zika Virus: Where Is the Treatment?". Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases. 8 (3): 208–211. doi:10.1007/s40506-016-0083-7. PMC 4969322. PMID 27547128.
  43. ↑ Yamada K, Noguchi K, Komeno T, Furuta Y, Nishizono A (April 2016). "Efficacy of Favipiravir (T-705) in Rabies Postexposure Prophylaxis". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 213 (8): 1253–61. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv586. PMC 4799667. PMID 26655300.
  44. ↑ Murphy J, Sifri CD, Pruitt R, Hornberger M, Bonds D, Blanton J, et al. (January 2019). "Human Rabies - Virginia, 2017". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (in Turanci). 67 (5152): 1410–1414. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm675152a2. PMC 6334827. PMID 30605446.
  45. ↑ Antonov L (2020). "Favipiravir tautomerism: a theoretical insight". Theoretical Chemistry Accounts. 139 (8): 145. doi:10.1007/s00214-020-02656-2. PMC 7415411. PMID 32834770.