Hamzah Fansuri

Hamzah Fansuri
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	16 century
ƙasa	Indonesiya
Mutuwa	1590
Karatu
Harsuna	Indonesian ^(en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	marubuci, mai falsafa da maiwaƙe
Wurin aiki	Aceh ^(en)
Imani
Addini	Musulunci

Hamzah Fansuri ( Jawi : حمزه فنسوري ; kuma ya rubuta Hamzah Pansuri, d. c. 1590 ?) marubuci ne na Sumatran Sufi na ƙarni na 16, kuma marubuci na farko da aka san shi da rubuta ra'ayoyin sufanci a cikin harshen Malay . Ya rubuta wakoki da kuma karin magana.

Rayuwarsa

Bayani kan rayuwar Hamzah ya fito ne daga takhallus bait (alƙalami mai suna stanza) wanda ya ƙare waƙarsa ( syair ), da kuma aikin almajirinsa Hasan Fansuri da sharhi kan waqoqin Hamzah. Koyaya, yawancin bayanan tarihin rayuwarsa ba su da tabbas. ^[1] Sunansa ya nuna cewa yana iya kasancewa daga Barus (wanda aka fi sani da Fansur zuwa Larabawa), ko kuma ya shafe yawancin rayuwarsa a can. ^{[2] [3]} Hakanan an ba da shawarar hanyar haɗi zuwa Siamese Ayutthaya ( Shahr-i-Naw ), kodayake yana iya yiwuwa ya yi tafiya zuwa Ayutthaya maimakon kasancewar wurin haifuwarsa. ^[4] An shigar da shi cikin darikar Sufaye ^[5] kuma ana tsammanin ya yi aiki a kotun Aceh Sultanate

Hamzah ya yi tafiye-tafiye da yawa, kuma an san ya ziyarci tsibirin Malay, Mughal India, Makka da Madina, da Baghdad . ^[6] Ya kasance daya daga cikin mutanen Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya na farko da suka kammala aikin hajji a farkon karni na 16. ^{[7] [8]} Ana kyautata zaton ranar mutuwarsa ta kasance kusan 1590 ko kafin haka, ^[9] ko da yake an gabatar da wani kwanan wata a zamanin Sarkin Musulmi Iskandar Muda . ^[10] Duk da haka, wani rubutu a kan wani kabari da aka samu a Makka ga wani Shaihu Hamza b. Abd Allah al-Fansuri (lura cewa an ƙalubalanci wannan shaidar) an rubuta kwanan wata 11 ga Afrilu, 1527. ^[11] Irin wannan farkon kwanan watan, idan ya tabbata, zai iya nuna cewa Hamzah ba ya zaune ko aiki a Aceh, maimakon ya kasance a Barus kafin ya tafi Makka inda ya rasu. ^[12]

Panentheism

Hamzah Fansuri ta rubuto ta ne daga rubuce-rubucen malaman musulunci na zamanin da . Aqidar Ibn Arabi ta Waḥdat al-Wujud wacce ta shahara a Farisa da Mughal Indiya a cikin karni na 16 ya rinjayi shi. ^[13] Ya fahimci Allah a matsayin madaidaici cikin kowane abu, har da mutum ɗaya, kuma ya nemi ya haɗa kai da ruhun Allah da ke zaune. Ya yi amfani da koyarwar matakai bakwai na emanation ( martabat ) wanda Allah ya bayyana kansa a cikin wannan duniyar, yana ƙarewa a cikin cikakken mutum, koyarwar da ta yadu a Indonesia a lokacin. Masanin tauhidin Aceh Shamsuddin al-Sumatrani ne ya inganta koyarwarsa.

Sai dai daga baya Nuruddin ar-Raniri ya ce ra'ayinsa bidi'a ne saboda rashin dacewa da akidar Musulunci cewa Allah bai canja ba da halittunsa. ^[14] Nuruddin yayi tafiya zuwa Aceh kuma a karkashin ikonsa Sultana Taj ul-Alam yayi yunkurin kawar da ayyukan Hamzah da sunansa, kuma an kona rubuce-rubucensa.^[6]

Wakar, syair ko ruba'i, na Hamzah Fansuri yawanci ba su wuce 13-15 ba, amma wasu na iya kaiwa 21. ^[15] 32 daga cikin wakokinsa sun tsira, kuma Hamzah ya sanya a kowace waka sunansa da bayanansa. game da kansa a karshen stanza ( takhallus bait ). Malamai sun yi tsokaci a kan fasahar fasaha da gwanintarsa a cikin wakokinsa, ingantaccen hada kalmomin Larabci zuwa tsarin wakokin Malay. Sun kuma lura da wani sha'awar rubutu a cikin ayyukansa wanda ke nuna barkwanci da nagarta ta waka. ^{[16] [17]} Ya kuma rubuta prose, kuma ayyukansa guda uku da suka tsira a cikin karatun su ne:

Ayyuka

Shi ne marubuci na farko da ya yi rubutu game da koyarwar Sufaye a cikin harshen Malay, ko kuma duk wani yare na tsibirin Malay. ^[18]

Manazarta

1. Vladimir I. Braginsky (1999). "Towards the Biography of Hamzah Fansuri. When Did Hamzah Live ? Data From His Poems and Early European Accounts". Archipel. 57 (2): 135–175. doi:10.3406/arch.1999.3521
2. R Michael Feener; Patrick Daly; Anthony Reed, eds. (January 1, 2011). Mapping the Acehnese Past. Brill. p. 33. ISBN 978-9067183659
3. Keat Gin Ooi, ed. (13 October 2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Band 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 561. ISBN 978-1576077702
4. G.W.J. Drewes and L.F. Brakel (eds. and tr.). The poems of Hamzah Fansuri. Dordrecht and Cinnaminson: Foris Publications, 1986. 08033994793.ABA, pp-3–18
5. Tagliocozzo, Eric (2013-04-25). The Longest Journey: Southeast Asians and the Pilgrimage to Mecca. Oxford University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-19-530827-3
6. Mary Somers Heidhues. Southeast Asia: A Concise History. London: Thames and Hudson, 2000. p. 81
7. Mary Somers Heidhues. Southeast Asia: A Concise History. London: Thames and Hudson, 2000. p. 81
8. M.C. Ricklefs. A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300, 2nd ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994. p. 51
9. G.W.J. Drewes and L.F. Brakel (eds. and tr.). The poems of Hamzah Fansuri. Dordrecht and Cinnaminson: Foris Publications, 1986. 08033994793.ABA, pp-3–18
10. Empty citation (help)
11. Stefan Sperl; Christopher Shackle, eds. (1996). Classical Traditions and Modern Meanings. Brill Academic Publishing. p. 383. ISBN 978-9004102958
12. L.F. Brakel (1979). "HAMZA PANSURI: Notes on: Yoga Practies, Lahir dan Zahir, the 'Taxallos', Punning, a Difficult Passage in the Kitāb al-Muntahī, Hamza's likely Place of Birth, and Hamza's Imagery". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 52 (1:235): 73–98. JSTOR 41492842
13. L.F. Brakel (1979). "HAMZA PANSURI: Notes on: Yoga Practies, Lahir dan Zahir, the 'Taxallos', Punning, a Difficult Passage in the Kitāb al-Muntahī, Hamza's likely Place of Birth, and Hamza's Imagery". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 52 (1:235): 73–98. JSTOR 41492842
14. M.C. Ricklefs. A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300, 2nd ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994. p. 51
15. Empty citation (help)
16. G.W.J. Drewes and L.F. Brakel (eds. and tr.). The poems of Hamzah Fansuri. Dordrecht and Cinnaminson: Foris Publications, 1986. 08033994793.ABA, pp-3–18
17. Empty citation (help)
18. Empty citation (help)