Harshan TiWi

Tiwi
Asali a Australia
Yanki Bathurst and Melville Islands, Northern Territory
Ƙabila Tiwi people
'Yan asalin magana
 2,103 (2021 census)[1]
kasafin harshe
  • Traditional Tiwi
  • New Tiwi
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 tiw
Glottolog tiwi1244[2]
AIATSIS[3] N20
Tiwi (purple), among other non-Pama-Nyungan languages (grey)

Tiwi /ˈtiːwi/ [4] yare ne na asalin Australiya wanda Mutanen Tiwi ke magana a Tsibirin Tiwi, a cikin gani na bakin tekun arewacin Australia. Yana daya daga cikin kusan kaso goma 10% na harsunan Australiya har yanzu yara suna koyon su akai-akai.

Tiwi na gargajiya, wanda mutane sama da shekaru hamsin ke magana a shekara ta alif dubu biyu da biyar 2005, yare ne na polysynthetic. Koyaya, wannan rikitarwa na ilimin lissafi ya ɓace tsakanin ƙarni. Tiwi yana [5] kusan ɗari waɗanda za a iya haɗa su cikin aikatau, mafi yawansu sun bambanta da siffofin kyauta.

daɗe ana ɗaukar Tiwi a matsayin yare mai zaman kansa saboda babban bambancin harshe daga wasu harsuna a yankunan Australiya. , binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ta amfani da dabarun harshe na tarihi ya nuna cewa harshen Tiwi na iya kasancewa a ƙarƙashin dangin Gunwinyguan (gidan harshe wanda ya ƙunshi harsuna da aka fi magana a Arewacin Tsakiyar Australia). [1]

Bambancin sunaye

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai bambance-bambance da yawa na sunan Tiwi. Wasu daga cikin bambance-bambance sun kafa ne daga mazaunan Australiya waɗanda ke zaune a yankuna da yankuna da ke kusa da masu magana da Tiwi, ko kuma suna da kyakkyawar hulɗa da su don dalilai na aikin bincike. Sauran bambance-bambance na sunan harshe sun samo asali ne daga al'ummomin 'yan asalin da ke makwabtaka.

Tunuvivi

Tunuvivi shine farkon lokacin da 'yan asalin tsibirin Melville da Bathurst suka kirkira. Sunan asali ne na yaren Tiwi kanta, kuma yana da ma'anar 'mutane' ko 'mu ne kawai mutane'. halin yanzu, sunan da aka sani da shi, Tiwi, an kafa shi ne ta hanyar masanin ilimin ɗan adam C.W.M. Hart a cikin shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da talatin 1930 don samun sunan ƙabilar da za a iya ganewa wanda zai iya wakiltar 'yan asalin Melville da Bathurst. Kalmar Tiwi daga baya 'yan tsibirin Melville da Bathurst suka karɓa, kuma daga baya sun haɗa wannan sunan a matsayin wani ɓangare na asalin su.

Wongak

Wannan bambancin sunan, Wongak, al'ummar Iwaidja sun yi amfani da shi don bayyana harshen Tiwi. sauti ['Wonga:k] kuma wani bambancin ne wanda membobin al'ummar Iwaidja da kansu ke kira.

Nimara

Wani marubuci da marubucin Australiya mai suna William Edward Harney ne ya kafa kalmar Nimara, wanda ya karbi sunan alkalami na Bill Harney a lokacin. Wannan bambancin sunan yana da ma'anar 'magana', ko 'harshe'. [6]

Woranguwe / Worunguwe

Sunan Woranguwe (ko Worunguwe) al'ummar Iwaidja ne suka yi amfani da shi don nunawa ga 'yan asalin tsibirin Melville. Wannan sunan bambancin [6] ke cikin harshen Iwaidja ne.

  1. ↑ "SBS Australian Census Explorer". Retrieved 9 Jan 2023.
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tiwi". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ N20 Tiwi at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
  4. ↑ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student’s Handbook, Edinburgh
  5. ↑ Dixon, R.M.W. 1980. The languages of Australia. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge language surveys)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Empty citation (help) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content