Harshen Ijaw

Harshen Ijaw
Linguistic classification	Harsunan Nijar-Congo Harsunan Atlantic-Congo Harsunan Volta-Congo Harsunan Kwa Harshen Ijaw
ISO 639-2 / 5	ijo
Glottolog	ijoo1239[1]

mutanan Ijaw

rawan mutanan Ijaw

abicin mutanan Ijaw

Ijaw harsuna (/idʒɔː/), ^[2] kuma ana furta kalma Ịjọ, yare ne da mutanen Ijaw ke amfani dashi a kudancin Najeriya.

Rarrabuwa

A al'adance ana ɗaukar yarukan Ijaw wani reshe ne daga dangin Niger-Congo (wata kila ta fito daga tsatson wata ƙungiyar da ake kira Ijoid).^[3] An sansu dangane tsarin kalmomin su na batu-abu-aikatau, wanda shi ne in ba haka ba wani sabon abu fasalin a Nijar-Congo, shared kawai da irin wannan m m rassan a matsayin Mande da kuma Dogon. Kamar Mande da Dogon, Ijoid ba shi da ko da alamun tsarin suna wanda ake ganin halaye ne irin na Nijar-Congo. Wannan ya sa Joseph Greenberg, a cikin tsarin sa na farko na Nijar-Congo, ya bayyana su da kuma cewa sun rabu da wuri daga wannan dangin. Koyaya, saboda rashin waɗannan abubuwan, masanin ilimin harshe Gerrit Dimmendaal yana shakkar sanya su cikin Nijar – Kongo kuma yana ɗaukar yarukan Ijoid a matsayin dangi mai zaman kansa.^[4]

Waɗannan rarrabuwa na ciki ya dogara da Jenewari (1989) da Williamson & Blench (2000).

• Gabas
  • Nkoroo
  • Kalabari (Bonny / Ibani, Okrika / Kirike)
  • Ijo kudu maso gabas
    • Nembe
    • Akassa
• Yamma (ko Tsakiya)
  • Izon
  • Inland Ijo
    • Biseni
    • Akita (Okordia)
    • Oruma

Blench (2019) ya motsa kudu maso gabashin Ijo zuwa reshen yamma (ko Tsakiya ).^[5]

• Gabas
  • Nkoroo
  • Kalabari (Bonny / Ibani, Okrika / Kirike)
• Yamma (ko Tsakiya)
  • Ijo kudu maso gabas
    • Nembe
    • Akassa
  • Izon – Inland Ijo
    • Izon
    • Inland Ijo
      • Biseni
      • Akita (Okordia)
      • Oruma

Sunaye da wurare

A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen harshen Ijaw, yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019).

Harshe	Gungu	Sauran kalmomin rubutu	Sunan suna don yare	Endonym (s)	Sauran sunaye (tushen wuri)	Sauran sunaye don yare	Masu iya magana	Wuri (s)
Nembe – Akaha tari	Nembe – Akaha				Brass – Ịjọ		71,500 (1977 Voegelin da Voegelin)	Jihar Ribas, Karamar Hukumar Brass
Nembe	Nembe – Akaha	Nimbi		Nembe	Brass (tsohuwar kalmar da ba ta ba Nembe hanya), Nempe, Itebu (Cust 1883); (Nembe) Brass (Tepowa 1904); Nembe – Brass (Littafin Sallah gama gari, 1957); Ijo (Nembe) (Baibul, 1956); Brass – Nembe – Ijaw (Rowlands, 1960); Nembe –Ịjọ (Alagoa, 1967).		66,600 (1963)	Garuruwan Ribas, LGA LGA, Nembe, kpọkpọma da Tụwani (Brass) da ƙauyukan da ke kusa
Akaha	Nembe – Akaha	Akasa, Akassaa	Akaha	Akaha			4,913 (1963)	Jihar Ribas, karamar hukumar Brass, garin Opu – Akassa da ƙauyukan da ke kusa
Tsaya	Tsaya	Nkoro	Kirika (autonymn cf Opu Kirika don Kịrịrkẹk))				20,000 (1963)	Jihar Ribas, Bonny LGA; Garin Opu – Nkọrọ da ƙauyuka 11
Ịjọ	Ịjọ
Landungiyoyin landjọ na cikin gida	Cikin Ịjọ							Jihar Ribas, Yenagoa da Brass LGAs
Biseni	Cikin Ịjọ	Buseni	Biseni	Biseni		Amegi	Al'umman da suka kunshi sassa biyar	Jihar Ribas, Yenagoa LGA, Akpeịdd, Egbebiri, Kalama, Tịn andn da kuma bụrụauran kiwon
Akita	Cikin Ịjọ	Okordia, kọkɔdi ‡	Akita	Akita			Al'umman da suka kunshi bangarori shida, garuruwa shida	Jihar Ribas, Yenagoa LGA
Oruma	Cikin Ịjọ		Tugbeni	Tugbeni Kạạmạ			Gari ɗaya da ke kewaye da harsunan Delta ta Tsakiya	Jihar Ribas, Karamar Hukumar Brass
Ịḅanị	KOIN (Kalaḅarị – Okrika – Ịḅanị – Nrò)	Ụḅanì (Fom din Ibo), Bonny (mai nuna haushin sa), Obani			Okuloma, Okoloḅa (sunan asalin asalin garin Bonny)		60,000 (1987, UBS)	Jihar Ribas, Bonny LGA; Garin Bonny da garuruwa da ƙauyuka 35. Zai iya samun wasu tsofaffin masu magana a Opobo, amma wannan ba a tabbatar da shi ba.
Kalaḅarì	KOIN (Kalaḅarị – Okrika – Ịḅanị – Nrò)		Kalaḅarì	Kalaḅarì	Sabuwar Calabar		200,000 (1987, UBS)	Jihar Ribas, Degema da Asari – Toru LGAs; Manyan garuruwa 3 da kauyuka 24
Kịrịrkẹk.	KOIN (Kalaḅarị – Okrika – Ịḅanị – Nrò)				Okrika		Garin Okrika	Jihar Ribas, Okrika LGA

A sauran kasashen Duniya

Berbice Creole Dutch, tsohon yare da ake amfani dasu a Guyana, yana da ƙamus wanda ya dogara da yaren Ịjọ, wataƙila yana da alaka da Kalabari (Kouwenberg 1994).

Ilimi da kafofin watsa labarai

A watan Yunin 2013, aka kaddamar da littafin koyar da karatun Izon Fie da faifan CD a wani bikin da ya samu halartar jami'an gwamnatin jihar Bayelsa. Jami’ar Neja Delta na kokarin fadada jerin littattafan da ake samu a yaren Ijo. Fassarorin shayari da Kiran Kogin Nun da Gabriel Okara ke gudana.^[6]

Bibiyar Tarihi

• Freemann, RA, da Kay Williamson. 1967. Ịjọ karin magana. Bayanan Bincike (Ibadan) 1: 1-11.
• Kouwenberg, Silvia 1994. Nahawu ta Berbice Dutch Creole . (Mouton Grammar Library 12). Berlin / New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
• Lee, JD, da Kay Williamson. 1990. Leididdigar ƙamus na yarukan Ịjọ. Bincike a cikin Yarukan Afirka da Harsunan Afirka 1: 1.1-10.
• Williamson, Kay . 1963. Gajerun kalmomin aiki a cikin Ịjọ. J. Yarukan Afirka 2.150-154.
• Williamson, Kay. 1966. Ị yare yaruka a cikin Polyglotta Africana. Binciken Saliyo na Saliyo 5. 122-133.
• Williamson, Kay. 1969. 'Igbo' da 'Ịjọ', babi na 7 da 8 a cikin: Harsunan Nijeriya Goma Sha Biyu, ed. na E. Dunstan. Longmans.
• Williamson, Kay. 1971. Sunayen dabbobi a Ịjọ. Afr. Bayanan kula 6, a'a. 2, 53-61.
• Williamson, Kay. 1973. Wasu sun rage tsarin daidaita wasula. Bayanan Bincike 6: 1-3. 145-169.
• Williamson, Kay. 1977. Fasali masu yawa don baƙi. Harshe 53.843-871.
• Williamson, Kay. 1978. Daga sautin zuwa karin magana: batun Ịjọ. Kiabàrà 1: 2.116-125.
• Williamson, Kay. 1979. Rabowar baƙi a cikin Ịjọ. A cikin: Karatuttukan ilimin harshe da adabi da aka gabatar wa Archibald Hill, ed. EC Polome da W. Winter, 3.341-353. Lisse, Netherlands: Peter de Ridder Latsa.
• Williamson, Kay. 1979. Baƙi na medial a cikin Proto-Ịjọ. Jaridar Yarukan Afirka da Ilimin Harsuna 1.73-94.
• Williamson, Kay. 1987. Tsaranci a cikin Ịjọ. A cikin: Abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu a cikin ilimin harsunan Afirka, 4, ed. by David Odden, 397-415.
• Williamson, Kay. 1989. Sautin murya da lafazi a cikin Ịjọ. A cikin tsarin karin lafazi, ed. na Harry vd Hulst da Norval Smith, 253-278. Littattafan Foris.
• Williamson, Kay. 2004. Yanayin yare a yankin Niger Delta. Fasali na 2 a cikin: Ci gaban yaren Ịaz, wanda Martha L. Akpana ta shirya, 9-13.
• Williamson, Kay, da AO Timitimi. 1970. Bayani kan alamar lamba a cikin Ịjọ. Bayanan Afirka (Ibadan) 5: 3. 9-16.
• Williamson, Kay & Lokaci, AO (197? ) 'Bayani akan alamar lambar Ijo', Bayanan Afirka, 5, 3, 9-16.
• Filatei, Akpodigha. 2006. Aikin Harshen Ijaw. (Editan www.ijawdictionary.com). www.ijawdictionary.com

Akan takamaiman harsuna

• Williamson, Kay. 1962. (Sake buga ta Bobbs-Merrill Sake bugawa 1971. ). Canje-canje a tsarin aure na Okrika Ịjọ. Afirka 32.53-60.
• Orupabo, GJ, da Kay Williamson. 1980. Okrika. A cikin takardun bayanan harshen Afirka ta Yamma, Volume II, wanda ME Kropp Dakubu ya shirya. Leiden: Lungiyar Harshen Afirka ta Yamma da Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka.

Manazarta

1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/ijoo1239 |chapterurl= missing title (help). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
2. Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student's Handbook, Edinburgh
3. Williamson, Kay (2011-08-11). A Grammar of the Kolokuma Dialect of Ịjọ (in Turanci). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521175265.
4. "Dimmendaal, Gerrit Jan (2011-01-01). Historical Linguistics and the Comparative Study of African Languages. John Benjamins Publishing. ISBN 9027211787.
5. "Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
6. "Garba, Kabir Alabi (2013-06-08). "Izon Fie… Popularising An Indigenous Tongue". The Guardian Nigeria. Retrieved 2013-06-15.