| Irarutu | |
|---|---|
| Irahutu | |
| Kasira | |
| Asali a | Indonesia |
| Yanki | Bomberai Peninsula, in Teluk Bintuni Regency |
| Coordinates | 2°56′S 133°35′E / 2.94°S 133.59°E |
'Yan asalin magana | (4,000 cited 1987)e25 |
|
Tustrunizit
| |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
irh |
| Glottolog |
irar1238[1] |
Irarutu, Irahutu, Ko Kasira, yaren Australiya ne na mafi yawan cikin yankin Bomberai Peninsula na arewa maso yammacin New Guinea a cikin Masarautar Teluk Bintuni . Sunan Irarutu ya fito ne daga harshen kansa, inda ira</link> hade da ru</link> don ƙirƙirar 'muryar su'. Lokacin da aka haɗa tare da tu</link> , wanda a kan kansa yana nufin 'gaskiya', ma'anar sunan ya zama 'Muryarsu ta gaskiya' ko 'Yaren mutanen gaskiya'.
Kuri yana da kusanci sosai a ƙamus, amma ba a rarraba shi bisa ƙa'ida ba. Ban da wannan, Irarutu ya bambanta sosai tsakanin yarukan Kudancin Halmahera – Yamma New Guinea . A baya can, ana ɗaukar Irarutu a matsayin na cikin rukunin Kudancin Halmahera na harsunan Australiya, amma kwanan nan, Grimes da Edwards suna sanya Irarutu a cikin harsunan Kei-Tanimbar . [2]
Akwai bambance-bambance guda bakwai da ake samu a cikin harshen: Nabi, Babo, Kasuri, Fruata, Kudu-Arguni, Gabas-Arguni, Arewa-Arguni.
Ana magana da Irarutu a yankin Bomberai Peninsula na Indonesiya. Musamman, ana magana da shi a wurare kamar haka:
Tyron (1995) yana ba da baƙaƙe masu zuwa:
| Labial | Dental / </br> Alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||||
| Tsayawa | voiceless | p | t | c | k | |
| voiced | b | d | ɟ | g | ||
| Masu saɓo | f | s | h | |||
| Kaɗa | ɾ | |||||
| Semi wasula | w | j | ||||
/p, t, c, k, b, d, ɟ, g/, are all stops with /p, t, c, k/ being voiceless and /b, d, ɟ, g/ being voiced. All stop consonants can be placed in any position (beginning, middle, or end) with the exception of /c/ which cannot be placed in the ending position. Voiced stops /b, d, ɟ, g/ are mainly heard as prenasalized [ᵐb, ⁿd, ᶮɟ, ᵑɡ] in the Fruata dialect.[3]
/f, s, h/ are all voiceless fricatives. /f/ is found in all three positions and is sometimes pronounced as a voiced [v] by Native Irarutu speakers, and is mainly heard as a bilabial fricative [ɸ] in the East Arguni dialect. /s/ is also found in all three positions but is never voiced. /h/ may be a recent addition to the language. /h/ is only found in initial and middle positions.[3]
/m, n/ are both voiced nasals. Both consonants are found in all three positions.[3]
/ɾ/ is found in most Irarutu dialects, but is sometimes replaced by [l].[3]
Tyron (1995) ya ba da wasula masu zuwa:
| Gaba | Tsakiya | Baya | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babban | i | u | ||
| ɪ | ||||
| Tsakar | e ~ ɛ | ( ə ) | o ~ ɔ | |
| Ƙananan | a | |||
Ana samun wasula bakwai a cikin Irarutu, /a, e, ɪ, i, ʏ, o, u/</link> . Ana iya amfani da duk wasula bakwai ta hanyar monophthong amma diphthongs an iyakance su ga ƴan haɗe-haɗe. [3]
Irarutu yana bin tsarin maudu'in-fi'ili-abu (SVO) a cikin tsari na kalma. Siffai irin su ƙima babba ko ƙididdigewa suna zuwa bayan suna, amma ga abubuwan da suka shafi zuriya magabatan farko suna zuwa gaban zuriya. [3]