Harshen Izon

Izon
	Ịzọn
Asali a	Nigeria
Yanki	Rivers State, Bayelsa, Delta, Ondo and Edo States
'Yan asalin magana	(1 million cited 1989)
Dangin harshen	Nnijer–Kongo Ijoid Ijaw West–Central Izon; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	ijc
Glottolog	izon1238

Harshen Izon
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Nijar-Congo; Harsunan Atlantic-Congo; Harsunan Volta-Congo; Harsunan Kwa; Harshen Ijaw; Harshen Izon; ; ; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	ijc
Glottolog	da ijon1238 izon1238 da ijon1238

Izon (Ịzọn), wanda kuma aka fi sani da (Tsakiyar-Yammacin) Ijo, Ijaw, Izo da Uzo, shine yaren Ijaw mafi rinjaye, wanda akasarin mutanen Ijaw na Najeriya ke magana da shi.

Akwai yaruka kusan talatin, dukkansu suna iya fahimtar juna, daga cikinsu akwai Gbanran, Ekpetiama da Kolokuma da dai sauransu. Kolokuma harshensu na ilimi.

A watan Yunin 2013, an kaddamar da littafin koyarwa na Izon Fie na sauti a faifen CDi a wani biki da jami'an gwamnatin na jihar Bayelsa suka halarta. Gwamnatin jihar Bayelsa ta dauki malamai 30 aiki domin koyar da harshen Izon a makarantun firamare da ke jihar domin ceto harshen daga bacewa.

Bayanai da tarihi

Yayin da akwai kusan masu magana 1,700,000^{[ana buƙatar hujja]} na dukkan yarukan Ijo a Najeriya, an yi imanin cewa akwai masu magana da 1,000,000. Harshen a halin yanzu ana rarraba shi azaman "yana cikin haɗari", tare da tabbacin kashi 20% dangane da shaidar da ke akwai. An san Izon a matsayin ya kasance a yankin shekaru dubu da yawa kafin karni na 15 lokacin da Portuguese suka isa gabar tekun Najeriya. A halin yanzu, masana ilimin harshe sun kiyasta cewa harshen ya kafu a yankin Neja Delta wanda ya kai shekaru dubu bakwai zuwa takwas da suka wuce.

Al’ummar Ijo ba su kiran yankin Neja-Delta garinsu har tsawon tarihi; a haƙiƙa, an san cewa sun yi ta fiye-tafiye da daɗewa daga wurare masu nisa/daga gefuna na Neja-Delta. Saboda haka, Izon yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da wasu harsuna dabam-dabam daga yankunan da ke kewaye, bayan iyakokin Nijeriya zuwa maɓuɓɓugar kogin Neja kusa da yammacin Afirka. Masana ilimin harshe sun bi diddigin tarihin Izon tun daga baya kuma a dunkule suna nufin tushensa a matsayin proto-ijo, harshen da duk yarukan Ijo da suke da su suka wanzu.^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}

Yaruka

Blench (2019) ya ba da rarrabuwar yaren Izon kamar haka:

izon

ta Yamma: Arogbo, Fụrụpagha, W. Olodiama, Egbema, Gbaramatu, Ogulagha, Iduwini
Tsakiya
- ta Arewa
  - Arewa maso Gabas: Gbanraịn, Kolokuma, Ekpetiama
  - Arewa maso Yamma: Ikibiri, Ogboin, W. Tarakiri, Kabo, Kumbo, Mein, Tuomọ, Sembiri, Operemọ, Ɔbotebe, Ogbe Yinj
- Kudu
  - Kudu maso Uamma: Apọì, Koluama, Basan, E. Olodiama
  - Kudu maso Gabas: Oiyakiri, Oporom, Ḅụmọ

Ƙoƙarin wanzuwa

A kokarin da ake yi na kare yaren Izon daga bacewa, gwamnatin jihar Bayelsa ta dauki matakan kiyayewa sosai. Sun dauki malamai sama da 30 aikin koyar da harshen Izon a makarantun kananan hukumomin jihar. Kwamishinan al’adu da al’amuran Ijaw na kasa, Dr. Felix Tuodolo na fargabar cewa saboda yanzu iyalai suna koyar da ‘ya’yansu Turancin Pidgin, sabanin Izon, cewa harshen a yanzu yana cikin hadarin karewa. ^[3] A wani mataki na ci gaba da sadaukar da kai da gwamnati ta yi na kiyaye harshen al’adu, an rubuta littafai da dama a cikin yarukan Izon da za su taimaka wajen wannan aiki.

Fassarar sauti

Baƙaƙe

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Labio-<br id="mwYg"><br><br><br></br> maras kyau
M	mara murya	p	t		k	k͡p
M	murya	b	d		ɡ	ɡ͡b
Ƙarfafawa	mara murya	f	s
Ƙarfafawa	murya	v	z		( ɣ )
Nasal		m	n		ŋ
Na gefe			l
Taɓa			ɾ
Kusanci				j		w

Baki mai sauti velar [ɣ] tana faruwa azaman karin sautin waya tsakanin masu magana da yaruka daban-daban. Duk da haka, babu shi a yawancin yaruka.
Glottal [h] yana wanzuwa ne kawai a tsakanin sarƙaƙiyar kalma, ba azaman sautin waya ba.
/s, z/ suna cikin bambancin kyauta tare da sautunan postalveolar [ʃ, d͡ʒ] a cikin kalmomin lamuni da aka aro daga Ingilishi.

Wasula

	Gaba	Tsakiya	Baya
Kusa	i		u
Kusa-kusa	ɪ		ʊ
Kusa-tsakiyar	e		o
Bude-tsakiyar	ɛ		ɔ
Bude		a

Tsari

Harshen Izon baya yin banbance-banbance dai dai da jam'i a cikin aiki, sabanin abin da ake yi cikin Ingilishi. Don haka, ba tare da la’akari da ko batun ɗaya ne ko jam’i ba, ana amfani da irin wannan nau’in fi’ili. Irin wannan tsarin yana bayyana a cikin misalai masu zuwa:

Izon samfurin jumla	fassarar turanci
Kiri ma se ke u sei mini ye.	Yana rawa a kowane lokaci.
Kiri ma se ke a sei mini ye.	Ta yi rawa a kowane lokaci.
Kiri ma se ke wo sei mini ye.	Muna rawa a kowane lokaci.
Kiri ma se ke oni sei mini ye.	Suna rawa a kowane lokaci.

A cikin kowane jumlolin Izon guda huɗu da ke sama, ana amfani da nau'i iri ɗaya na kalmar fi'ili "sei" (rawa), ko da ace yawan abin da ake magana ya canza.

Wani al'amari mai ban sha'awa na tsarin harshen Izon shine Yarjejeniyar Nuni. Ana amfani da nuni iri-iri a cikin Izon don nuna jinsin sunayen da suka yi daidai da su. Ana amfani da abubuwan nunin “bei” (wannan) da “u bei” (waɗanda) tare da sunaye ɗaya-namiji, misali:

bei ki.mi. bei (wannan mutumin) bei owu bei (wannan masquerade)

ku bei ki.mi. bei ( that man) u bei owu bei (that masquerade)

Ma’anar “ma” (wannan) da “u ma” (wanda) sun zo daidai da sunayen mace guda ɗaya kamar haka:

ma da. ro. arau. ma (wannan matar) u ma iyo. ro. arau. ma (wannan matar)

ma ere ma (wannan matar) u ma ere ma (that wife)

Bugu da ƙari, "mi" (wannan) da "u mi" (waɗanda) ana amfani da su tare da manyan sunaye guda ɗaya, misali:

mi Ololo mi (wannan kwalban) u mi ololo mi ( waccan kwalban)

mi bira mi (this hand) u mi bira mi (wancan hannun)

Idan akwai jam'i na suna, ana amfani da "ma" (waɗannan) da "u ma" (waɗanda) masu nuni, ba tare da la'akari da jinsin suna ba. Ana iya ganin wannan a cikin wadannan:

ma ere abu ma (wadannan matan) u ma ere abu ma (wadannan matan)

ma azuru ma (dakunan nan) u ma azuru ma (dakunan)

ma akimi ma (these men) u ma akimi ma (those men)

Ƙarin bayanin harshe

Ana iya la'akari da cewa Izon ya bambanta da sauran harsuna masu alaƙa na yankin, ta ma'anar cewa yana bin tsarin SOV (abu-da-kashi-fi'ili), duka cikin sassauƙan jumloli masu rikitarwa. Bugu da ƙari, jumlolin shugabanci da wuri suma suna gaba da babban fi'ili. Alamar tashin hankali tana ɗaukar nau'i na kari akan fi'ili na ƙarshe. Alamar wuri da sauran jigo- jita-kamar labarai an saka su zuwa sunayen da suke da alaƙa da su. Mai mallaka yakan riga da abin da aka mallaka kuma adjectives suna gaba da sunayen da suke gyarawa.

Misalin jerin ƙamus

Kalmar Izon	Fassarar Turanci
abada	teku ; teku
agbai-araụ	budurwa; (mace) masoyi
baka	a rude; a rude
dụlụkpụ	datti (tufafi, mutane)
fĩkĩmi	mutun; gawa
gbísì	cat
ciki	babba mai girma
ịngịọrĩ́	yi farin ciki (a cikin yanayi mai ban sha'awa)
korongbọọ	bakin ciki; mamaki
musu	ya zama m; zama damp
peu	ya bayyana wani gida mai rufin asiri

Duba kuma

kabilar Apoi ta Gabas da kuma kabilar Western Apoi
kabilar Arogbo
kabilar Bassan
kabilar Boma
kabilar Egbema
kabilar Ekpetiama
kabilar Furupagha
kabilar Gbaran
kabilar Iduwini
kabilar Kabo
kabilar Kolokuma
kabilar Kumbo
kabilar Mein
kabilar Ogbe

Littafi Mai Tsarki

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). da ijon1238 "Harshen Izon" Check |chapterurl= value (help). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Glottolog" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Samfuri:Ethnologue18
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0

Agheyisi, RN (1984). Ƙananan harsuna a cikin mahallin Najeriya: Abubuwan da ake bukata da Matsaloli. 35(3)
Okunrinmeta, U. (2011). Izon Syntax da Turanci na Izon-Turanci Bilinguals. Ingilishi na Duniya, 30 (2), 211-228
Okunrinmeta, U. (2013). Bambance-bambancen Jum'i-Plural a Izon da Tasirinsa akan Koyarwa/Koyan Samar da Jama'a cikin Turanci. Jaridar Ilimi da Koyo, 2 (2), 126-138.
Smith, NS, Robertson, IE, & Williamson, K. (1987). Abubuwan Ci gaba a cikin Berbice Dutch. Harshe a cikin Al'umma, 16 (01), 49-89
Williamson, Kay, da AO Timitimi (edd.). 1983. Short Ịzọn-Kamus na Turanci. (Delta Series No. 3) Port Harcourt: Jami'ar Fatakwal Press.
Williamson, Kayi. 1965 (fitowa na biyu 1969). Nahawu na yaren Kolokuma na Ciju. (Monographs Harshen Yammacin Afirka, 2. London: CUP
Williamson, Kayi. 1975. Mita a cikin Cizon jana'izar. 2:2.21–33.
Williamson, Kayi. 1991. "Tsarin tashin hankali na Cizọn." A cikin: Tsare-tsare masu tsauri na harsunan Najeriya da Ingilishi . Editan Okon E. Essien. Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere (AAP) 27.145–167.
Williamson, Kayi. 2004. "Halin da ake ciki a yankin Niger Delta." Babi na 2 a cikin: Haɓaka harshen Ịzọn, wanda Martha L. Akpana ta shirya, 9–13.

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

Kara karantawa

Blench, R. (nd ). Izon Verbal Extensions [Aikin Ilimi]

Fardon, R., & Furniss, G. (1994). Harsunan Afirka, Ci gaba da Jiha.

Heine, B., & Nurse, D. (2000). Harsunan Afirka: Gabatarwa. Cambridge: Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge

Jazayery, MA, Polomé, EC, & Winter, W. (1978). Nazarin Harshe da Adabi. Don girmama Archibald A. Hill: Linguistics na Tarihi da Kwatancen (Juzu'i na 3). Belgium: Mouton. Samfuri:Ijoid languages

[Glottolog-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). da ijon1238 "Harshen Izon" Check |chapterurl= value (help). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Glottolog" defined multiple times with different content

[e18-2] Samfuri:Ethnologue18

[:0-3] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0

[1]

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Harshen Izon
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Nijar-Congo Harsunan Atlantic-Congo Harsunan Volta-Congo Harsunan Kwa Harshen Ijaw Harshen Izon
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	`ijc`
Glottolog	`da ijon1238 izon1238 da ijon1238`^[1]