Harshen Teiwa

Harshen Teiwa
bahasa Tewa
Dangin harshen	Harshen Teiwa
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	twe
Glottolog	teiw1235[1]

sa kayan Teiwa

jirgin ruwa a teiwa

Teiwa (kuma ana kiranta da Tewa ) ^[2] yaren Papuan ne da ake magana da shi a tsibirin Pantar a gabashin Indonesia . Tsibirin shine na biyu mafi girma a cikin tsibiran Alor, yana kwance a yammacin tsibirin Alor mafi girma. Teiwa harshe ne mai sauƙi na morphosyntactically tare da ɗan juzu'i kuma ana siffanta shi azaman yaren ware, wanda kuma aka sani da harshen nazari. Ana furta shi da tsarin karin magana mai rikitarwa.

Sunayen suna

Ana kuma san Teiwa da Bahasa Teiwa (harshen Teiwa) a Indonesia. Ita kanta Teiwa wani fili ne mai suna kuma ana iya fassara shi da tei wa, ma'ana "ganyen bishiya". Kalmar "Teiwa" ta samo asali ne daga sunan babban dangin da ke magana da shi. Gabaɗaya, lokacin da masu jin Teiwa ke magana game da nasu yare, musamman don bambanta shi da harshen ƙasar Indonesiya, suna kiransa “pitau” (harshenmu).

Rabewa

Yawancin lokaci ana rarraba Teiwa azaman ɓangare na dangin yaren Trans-New Guinea, amma ana jayayya. Dalili ɗaya shine ƙaramar hujjar ƙamus da kuma babban nisa daga babban tsibirin New Guinea. Madadin rarrabuwa shine yanki na dangin harshen Timor-Alor-Pantar, wanda ke da kusan shekaru dubu uku 3000. A cikin wannan dangin yare, an ƙara rarraba Teiwa a cikin rukunin harsunan Alor-Pantar, waɗanda ke da adadin ashirin 20. Wannan rabe-rabe ya dogara ne akan yawan adadin cognates da kuma tsarin karin magana iri ɗaya.

Fage

Ana magana da Teiwa a tsibirin Pantar, wanda wani yanki ne na tsibiran Alor, wanda ke tsakanin Ostiraliya da Indonesiya . Tsibirin yana kusan kilo mita dubu 1000 km daga babban tsibirin New Guinea . Yana shimfiɗa kilo mita hamsin 50 km daga arewa zuwa kudu, kuma tsakanin sha ɗaya 11 zuwa kilo mita ashirin da tara 29 km daga gabas zuwa yamma. Tsibirin ya kasu kashi biyu daban-daban na yanki: busasshiyar ƙasa da ƙasa maras yawan jama'a a yamma, da tsaunuka a gabas, waɗanda ke da tsaunuka, volcanic da yawan jama'a.

Akwai dubu huɗu 4000 da aka rubuta masu magana da Teiwa a cikin shekarar dubu biyu da goma 2010. Masu magana suna rayuwa ne a cikin desas (ƙauyukan gudanarwa a Indonesia) Lebang, Boweli, Kalib, Nule, Kadir, da Madar, ƙauyen mazauna ɗari huɗu da sittin 460 (kamar na shekarar dubu biyu da bakwai 2007). Lebang shine babban ƙauyen, inda har yanzu yawancin mutane, matasa da manya ke magana da Teiwa. Duk da haka, yaren ƙasar Indonesiya da kuma Alor- malay mai tasiri na Sinawa yakan zama ƙanana na yin magana da kuma amfani da su don koyarwa a makarantu. Sakamakon raguwar adadin masu magana da yaren, an jera Teiwa a matsayin harshe mai hatsarin gaske .

Nahawu na Teiwa na Marian Klamer shine kawai takaddun harshe baya ga ɗan gajeren jerin kalmomi daga Stokhof shekarar (1975). Klamer ta tattara yawancin bayananta a ƙauyen Madar.

Fassarar sauti

Mai zuwa shine bayanin Teiwa a cikin sauti: ^[3]

Consonants

Teiwa yana da lissafin baƙaƙe ashirin 20, adadi mai yawa dangane da sauran harsunan Papuan. A cikin teburin da ke ƙasa, ana ba da wakilcin ƙaƙƙarfan sauti a maƙallan dama. Bambanci tsakanin pharyngeal da glottal fricative yana nuna kansa a matsayin na musamman a cikin harsunan Gabashin Indonesiya, kamar yadda wanzuwar ruwa /l/ da /r/.

	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvula	Farin ciki	Glottal
Nasal	m		n		ŋ ⟨ ⟩
M	p b		t d		k ɡ	q		ʔ ⟨ ' ⟩
Mai sassautawa	ɸ ⟨ f ⟩	v	s				ħ ⟨ ⟩	h
Semi wasali	w			j ⟨ y ⟩
Trill			r
Na gefe			l

Allphones na /ɸ/ sune [ ɸ ] da [ p ] . Allphones na /v/ sune [ v ] da [ f ] .

Wasula

Teiwa yana da tarin wasula na kadinal biyar 5 . Manyan wasulan guda biyu suna faruwa ne a matsayin gajere (/i/, /u/) da tsayi (/uː/, /iː/). Kamar yadda yake a cikin tebur na baƙon, ana ba da wakilcin rubutun a maƙallan dama.

	Gaba	Baya
Babban	i iː ⟨ ii ⟩	u uː ⟨ uu ⟩
Tsakar	ɛ ⟨ e ⟩	ɔ ⟨ o ⟩
Ƙananan	a ⟨ aa ⟩	ɑ ⟨ ⟩

Manazarta

1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Teiwa". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
2. Klamer 2010 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKlamer2010 (help)
3. Klamer 2010 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKlamer2010 (help)