Haƙƙoƙin lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa

Haƙƙoƙin lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa
term (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na Haƙƙoƙi da Hakkokin Yan-adam
Bangare na Lafiya da Haƙƙoƙi

Lafiyar Jima'i da Haihuwa da haƙƙoƙi ko SRHR shi ne manufar haƙƙin ɗan adam da ake amfani da su akan jima'i da haifuwa.[1] Haɗin fage guda huɗu ne waɗanda a wasu mahallin sun fi bambanta da juna, amma kaɗan ko kaɗan a cikin sauran mahallin. Wadannan fagage guda hudu sune lafiyar jima'i, haƙƙin jima'i, lafiyar haihuwa da haƙƙin haifuwa. A cikin ra'ayi na SRHR, waɗannan filayen guda huɗu ana ɗaukar su azaman daban amma an haɗa su a zahiri.

Ba koyaushe ake yin bambance-bambance a tsakanin waɗannan fagage huɗu ba. Lafiyar jima'i da lafiyar haihuwa wani lokaci ana ɗaukarsu azaman daidai da juna, kamar haƙƙin jima'i da haƙƙin haifuwa. A wasu lokuta, ana haɗa haƙƙin jima'i a cikin kalmar lafiyar jima'i, ko akasin haka. Ba wai ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) da ƙungiyoyin gwamnatoci daban-daban ba Yi amfani da kalmomi daban-daban, amma ana amfani -daban a cikin ƙungiya ɗaya.

Wasu daga cikin sanannun ƙungiyoyin sa-kai na duniya waɗanda ke yaƙi don lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa sun haɗa da IPPF (Ƙungiyar Tsare-tsaren Iyaye ta Duniya), ILGA (Ƙungiyar Madigo ta Duniya da Gay Alliance), WAS (Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Lafiya ta Duniya - wadda aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Duniya). Cibiyar Lafiya da Daidaituwar Jinsi, da Haɗin Kan Kanjamau na Duniya.[2][3]

Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Shirye-shiryen tsarin iyali na gwamnati ya fara farawa a cikin 1950s[4]Duk da haka, galibin manyan manufofin waɗannan shirye-shiryen sun kasance a kan kula da yawan jama'a don haɓakar tattalin arziki da ci gaba.[5] A cikin 1994, taron kasa da kasa kan yawan jama'a da ci gaba (ICPD) a Alkahira, Masar ya nuna gagarumin sauyi a hangen zaman gaba game da lafiyar haihuwa kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin haifuwar motsi na SRHR na zamani.[6] A tsawon lokacin taron, muhawarar da ta shafi kayyade iyali ta canja daga na tattalin arziki zuwa na kiwon lafiyar jama'a da kare hakkin bil'adama. [7] An haɓaka Shirin Ayyuka (PoA) a ƙarshen ICPD kuma ƙasashe 179 sun amince da su kuma suka karbe su. [8] PoA ta tabbatar da lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya kuma ta zayyana manufofi da manufofin duniya don haɓaka zafin haifuwa dangane da jigogi na zaɓi na 'yanci, ƙarfafa mata, da kallon lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa dangane da jin daɗin jiki da tunani.[7] PoA ta zayyana jerin manufofi, dangane da babban manufa ta cimma nasarar samun damar kiwon lafiyar haihuwa a duniya baki ɗaya, waɗanda aka yi niyya zuwa 2015.[9] A cikin 2000, an haɓaka Manufofin Ci Gaban Millennium (MDGs),[10] kuma kodayake ba a bayyana lafiyar haifuwa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manufofin ba, ya zama muhimmin sashi ga Goals 3, 4, da 5. [6] A cikin 2010, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta sake ziyartan asalin PoA kuma an sabunta su don nuna manufarsu ta cimma kula da lafiyar haihuwa ta duniya ta 2015.[8] Lokacin da MDGs da ICPD PoA suka ƙare a cikin 2015, an karkatar da manufofin SRHR na gaba a cikin Manufofin Ci Gaba mai Dorewa, na gaba na MDGs wanda ke zayyana manufofin yaƙi da talauci ta hanyar 2030.[11]

Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ "SRHR". Archived from the original on 2019-05-02. Retrieved 2023-05-12.
  2. ↑ "SRHR and HIV". International HIV/AIDS Alliance. Archived from the original on 6 December 2013.
  3. ↑ "Members of EuroNGOs". EuroNGOs. Archived from the original on 16 June 2011.
  4. ↑ Visaria L, Jejeebhoy S, Merrick T (1999). "From Family Planning to Reproductive Health: Challenges Facing India". International Family Planning Perspectives. 25: S44–S49. doi:10.2307/2991871. JSTOR 2991871.
  5. ↑ Ledbetter R (1984). "Thirty years of family planning in India". Asian Survey. 24 (7): 736–58. doi:10.2307/2644186. JSTOR 2644186. PMID 11616645.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Empty citation (help)
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Fincher RA (1994). "International Conference on Population and Development". Environmental Policy and Law. 24 (6).
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Programme of Action" (PDF). International Conference on Population and Development. Cairo. September 1994.
  9. ↑ Abrejo FG, Shaikh BT, Saleem S (September 2008). "ICPD to MDGs: Missing links and common grounds". Reproductive Health. 5: 4. doi:10.1186/1742-4755-5-4. PMC 2546384. PMID 18783600.
  10. ↑ Sachs JD, McArthur JW (January 2005). "The Millennium Project: a plan for meeting the Millennium Development Goals". Lancet. 365 (9456): 347–53. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)70201-4. PMID 15664232.
  11. ↑ Tangcharoensathien V, Mills A, Palu T (April 2015). "Accelerating health equity: the key role of universal health coverage in the Sustainable Development Goals". BMC Medicine. 13: 101. doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0342-3. PMC 4415234. PMID 25925656.