Ifá

Ifá
Classification	Ifá

Sixteen Principal Odu
Name	1	2	3	4
Ogbè	I	I	I	I
Ọ̀yẹ̀kú	II	II	II	II
Ìwòrì	II	I	I	II
Òdí	I	II	II	I
Ìrosùn	I	I	II	II
Ọ̀wọ́nrín	II	II	I	I
Ọ̀bàrà	I	II	II	II
Ọ̀kànràn	II	II	II	I
Ògúndá	I	I	I	II
Ọ̀ṣá	II	I	I	I
Ìká	II	I	II	II
Òtúúrúpọ̀n	II	II	I	II
Òtúrá	I	II	I	I
Ìrẹ̀tẹ̀	I	I	II	I
Ọ̀ṣẹ́	I	II	I	II
Òfún (Ọ̀ràngún)	II	I	II	I
Sixteen Principal Afa-du (Yeveh Vodou)
Name	1	2	3	4
Eji-Ogbe	I	I	I	I
Ọyeku-Meji	II	II	II	II
Iwori-Meji	II	I	I	II
Odi-Meji	I	II	II	I
Irosun-Meji	I	I	II	II
Ọwanrin-Meji	II	II	I	I
Ọbara-Meji	I	II	II	II
Ọkanran-Meji	II	II	II	I
Ogunda-Meji	I	I	I	II
Ọsa-Meji	II	I	I	I
Ika-Meji	II	I	II	II
Oturupon-Meji	II	II	I	II
Otura-Meji	I	II	I	I
Irete-Maji	I	I	II	I
Ọse-Meji	I	II	I	II
Ofu meji	II	I	II	I

Ifá tsarin duba ne da addinin Yarbawa wanda ke wakiltar koyarwar Orisha Ọrunmila . Jikinsa na adabin baka yana kunshe da juzu'i (alamu) guda 256 wadanda suka kasu kashi biyu, na farko ana kiransa Ojú Odù ko babban Odù wanda ya kunshi babi 16. Kashi na biyu ya ƙunshi babi 240 mai suna Amúlù Odù (omoluos), waɗannan an haɗa su ta hanyar haɗin babban Odù.

Tsarin duban da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Ifá lamba ce don samun damar ilimin kimiyya da metaphysical a cikin rukunin adabi, Odu Ifá . An bayyana Orunmila a matsayin Babban Firist, kamar yadda ya bayyana (karanta; ƙirƙira) tushen Allahntaka da annabci (Odu na farko 16) ga duniya. Babalawos ko Iyanifas galibi ana kiransu firist Ifa, amma a gaskiya, malamai ne; kwatankwacin furofesoshi a tsarin jami'a na gargajiya. Suna amfani da ko dai sarkar duba da aka sani da Opele, ko kuma dabino mai tsarki ( Elaeis guineensis ) ko kuma kola goro da ake kira Ikin, akan tiren duban katako da ake kira Opon Ifá don lissafin wace Odu zai yi amfani da ita ga wace matsala.

Ana yin Ifá a ko'ina cikin Amurka, Afirka ta Yamma, da Canary Islands, a cikin tsarin tsarin addini mai rikitarwa, kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a al'adun Santería, Candomblé, Palo, Umbanda, Vodou, da sauran bangaskiyar Afro-Amurka . da kuma a wasu addinan gargajiya na Afirka .

Tarihi

Tsarin mai ka'idoji 16 yana da tarihin farko a Afirka ta Yamma . Kowace kabila mai magana da harshen Niger-Congo da ke gudanar da ayyukanta na da tatsuniyoyi na asali; Addinin Yarbawa ya nuna cewa Orunmila ne ya kafa ta a Ilé-Ifẹ̀ lokacin da ya ƙaddamar da kansa sannan kuma ya ƙaddamar da ɗalibansa, Akoda da Aseda . Wasu tatsuniyoyi sun nuna cewa Setiu, mutumin Nupe da ya zauna a Ilé-Ifẹ̀ ne ya kawo shi. A cewar littafin The History of the Yorubas from the Earliest of Times zuwa British Protectorate (1921) na ɗan tarihin Najeriya Samuel Johnson da Obadiah Johnson, Arugba, mahaifiyar Onibogi, Alaafin na Oyo na 8, ce ta gabatar da Oyo ga Ifá. a ƙarshen 1400s. Ta kaddamar da Alado na Ato kuma ta ba shi dama ya fara wasu. Shi kuma Alado shi ne ya qaddamar da limaman Oyo kuma haka Ifá ta kasance a cikin daular Oyo.

Orunmila ya zo ne don ya kafa ƙungiyar adabin baka wanda ya haɗa labarai da abubuwan da suka faru na firistoci da abokan cinikinsu tare da sakamakon. Wannan Odu corpus ya fito a matsayin manyan takardu akan al'adar Ifá don zama gadon tarihi.

Al'adar Yarbawa

A cikin ƙasar Yarbawa, duba na ba wa firistoci damar shiga koyarwar Orunmila ba tare da wani tanadi ba. ^[1] Eshu shine wanda aka ce ya ba da rance ga magana yayin samar da jagora da/ko bayyana shawara. Eshu kuma shine wanda ke riƙe maɓallan fushin mutum (arziƙi ko albarka) don haka yana aiki a matsayin Oluwinni (Mai ba da Lamuni): yana iya ba da ire ko cire shi. Ayyukan duba na Ifá suna ba da hanyar sadarwa zuwa ga ruhaniya da kuma niyyar mutum. ^[2]

Al'adar Igbo

A kasar Igbo, Ifá ana kiranta da Afá, kuma kwararru ne da ake kira Dibia . Ana daukar Dibia a matsayin likita kuma ta kware wajen amfani da ganye don warkarwa da canji.

Al'adar Ewe

Daga cikin mutanen Ewe na kudancin Togo da kuma kudu maso gabashin Ghana, Ifá kuma ana kiranta da Afá, inda ruhohin Vodun ke shiga kuma suna magana. A da yawa daga cikin Egbes ɗinsu, Alaundje ne aka karrama a matsayin ɗan Bokono na farko da aka koya masa yadda ake yin allantaka da makomar ɗan adam ta amfani da tsattsarkan tsarin Afá. Amingansi su ne raye-rayen baka wadanda suka fi boko. Wani firist wanda ba bokono ba ana kiransa Hounan, kama da Houngan, wani limamin coci a Haitian Vodou, addinin Vodun, addinin Ewe.

Odù Ifá

Tiren duba

Akwai manyan littattafai goma sha shida a cikin rukunin adabi na Odu Ifá . Lokacin da aka haɗa, akwai jimillar 256 Odu (tarin na goma sha shida, kowannensu yana da zaɓi goma sha shida ⇔ 16 2, ko 4 4 ) waɗanda aka yi imani suna yin nuni ga duk yanayi, yanayi, ayyuka da sakamakon rayuwa bisa ga rashin ƙidaya. (ko "koyawawan wakoki") dangane da 256 Odu coding. Waɗannan su ne tushen ilimin ruhaniya na Yarabawa na gargajiya kuma su ne tushen duk tsarin duban Yarbawa. Ba a rubuta karin magana da labarai da wakoki Ifá. Maimakon haka, ana rarraba su da baki daga wani babalawo zuwa wani. Yarabawa suna tuntubar Ifá don taimakon Allah da ja-gorar ruhaniya.

Alamar Manzo ta Ifá

Baya ga alamomin asali guda goma sha shida, duban Ifá ya haɗa da wata babbar alama, wadda ita ce haɗe da Ọse da Otura, daga dama zuwa hagu (Ọse-Tura).

Tsa-Tura

I	I
II	II
I	I
I	II

Dole ne a rubuta wannan alamar a duk lokacin da aka yi al'ada: Ɔse-Tura manzo ne kuma mai ɗaukar hadaya. Yana da alaƙa da haɗin gwiwa tare da allahn Eshu a cikin tsarin Ifá. An san wannan alamar Manzo a cikin Geomancy na Tsakiyar Larabawa da Latin a matsayin Tauraruwar Morning, ^[3] wato duniyar Venus . Wato, Ɔse-Tura ragowar tsohuwar falaki ce a duban Ifá. [1]

Sanarwa na duniya

An ƙara tsarin duban Ifá a cikin 2005 ta UNESCO zuwa jerin sunayen " Ma'auni na Baka da Gadon Dan Adam ".

Ifá a Santeria

Ana amfani da Ifá a cikin addinin Afro-Cuba na Santería ; shi ne mafi sarƙaƙƙiya kuma mafi girman tsarin duba da ake amfani da shi a cikin addini. ^[4] Su biyun suna da alaƙa da juna, suna raba tatsuniyoyi iri ɗaya da tunanin sararin samaniya, [13] ko da yake Ifá kuma yana da bambancin rayuwa daga Santería. ^[5] Manyan firistoci na Ifá ana san su da babalawos kuma kodayake kasancewarsu ba shi da mahimmanci ga bukukuwan Santería, galibi suna halarta a matsayin masu duba. [15] Yawancin santeros ma babalawos ne, [16] ko da yake ba sabon abu ba ne ga babalawos su fahimci kansu a matsayin mafi girma fiye da yawancin santeros. ^[6] A al'adance, kawai mazaje masu madigo ne kawai aka yarda su zama babalawos, [18] kodayake babalawos na ɗan luwadi yanzu suna wanzu saboda ƙarin buɗaɗɗen manufofin Santería. ^[7] Yawanci an haramta mata yin wannan aikin, [20] takurawa da aka bayyana ta hanyar labarin cewa òrìṣà (lafazin "orisha" ko "oricha" a cikin Mutanen Espanya) Orula ya fusata cewa Yemayá, matarsa, ta yi amfani da tablarsa . hukumar duba kuma daga baya ta yanke shawarar hana mata sake tabawa. ^[4] Duk da wannan almara, a farkon karni na 21, tun daga lokacin da aka fara wasu ƙananan mata a matsayin babalawos. ^[8] Ƙaddamarwa a matsayin babalawo yana buƙatar biyan kuɗi ga mai farawa kuma yawanci ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai tsada sosai. ^[6]

Òrìṣà na Ifá, Orula ko Ọ̀rúnmila, kuma yana da fitaccen wuri a cikin Santeria. ^[5] An yarda cewa shi ne yake lura da duba; da zarar an kaddamar da mutum a matsayin babalawo sai a ba su tukunyar da ke dauke da abubuwa daban-daban, ciki har da dabino, wanda aka yi imanin shi ne ainihin siffar Orula. ^[9] Babalawos suna ba da hadayu ga Orula, gami da hadayun dabbobi da kyaututtukan kuɗi. ^[6] A Kuba, Ifá yawanci ya haɗa da jefar da dabino tsarkakakku don amsa tambaya. Sai babalawo ya fassara sakon goro dangane da yadda suka fadi; akwai iya daidaitawa guda 256 a cikin tsarin Ifá, wanda ake sa ran babalawo ya haddace. [26] Mutane suna kusanci babalawo suna neman jagora, sau da yawa akan al'amuran kudi, wanda mai duba zai tuntubi Orula ta hanyar da aka kafa ta hanyar duba. ^[6] Su kuma masu ziyartar babalawoyi suna biyansu ayyukansu. ^[6]

Fitattun mabiya

• Yoshiaki Koshikawa, farfesa a fannin adabi na Jafananci a Jami'ar Meiji kuma ɗan Japan na farko da aka ƙaddamar a matsayin babalawo .
• Susanne Wenger, 'yar Ostiriya
• Patrisse Cullors, ɗan Amurka wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Black Lives Matter
• Shéyaa Bin Abraham-Joseph ( mai shekaru 21 Savage ), mawakin rap na Burtaniya Ba'amurke.
• Xolo Maridueña, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka.
• Iyanla Vanzant, marubucin Ba'amurke, mai koyar da rayuwa da ruhaniya, Iyanifa da Firist na Obatala.

Nassoshi

 

Kara karantawa

• Manyan Tushen FAMA na Addinin Yarbawa (Bautar Orisa)  (yana aiki da kansa ta hanyar kamfaninta)
• Littafin Jagoran Ma'aikatan FAMA na Ƙwararrun Ifa 
• Chief FAMA Fundamentos de la Religion Yoruba (Adorando Orisa) 
• Cif FAMA FAMA'S EDE AWO (Kamus Yoruba Dictionary) 
• Babban FAMA The Rituals (novel) 
• Awo Fasina Falade Ifa: Mabudin Fahimtarta 
• Cif Adedoja Aluko Goma Sha Shida (16) Manjo Odu Ifa daga Ile-Ife 
• Chief S. Solagbade Popoola library, INC Ifa Dida: Vol 1 (EjiOgbe - Orangun Meji) , 
• Chief S. Solagbade Popoola library, INC Ifa Dida: Vol 2 (Ogbe Oyeku - Ogbe Ofun) , 
• Chief S. Solagbade Popoola & Fakunle Oyesanya Ikunle Abiyamo - ASE of Motherhood 
• C. Osamaro Ibie Ifism the Complete Works of Orunmila 
• William R. Bascom: Dubban Ifa: Sadarwa Tsakanin Alloli da Maza a Yammacin Afirka 
• William R. Bascom: Cowries goma sha shida: duban Yarbawa daga Afirka zuwa Sabuwar Duniya 
• Rosenthal, J. 'Mallakar Ecstasy & Doka a Ewe Voodoo' 
• Maupoil, Bernard. "La Geomancie L'ancienne Côte des Esclaves
• Alapini, Julien. Les noix sacrées. Etude complète de Fa-Ahidégoun génie de la sagesse et de la divination au Dahomey
• Dokta Ron Eglash (1997) Masanin ilimin Halittar Dan Adam na Amurka Recursion a cikin ilimin kabilanci, Ka'idar Chaos a cikin duban Afirka ta Yamma.
• Bàbálàwó Ifatunwase Tratados Enciclopédicos de Ifá (Colección Alafundé) , 

Manazarta

1. Lijadu, E. M. Ifá: ImọLe Rẹ Ti I Ṣe Ipile Isin Ni Ilẹ Yoruba. Ado-Ekiti: Omolayo Standard Press, 1898. 1972.
2. Adéẹ̀kọ́, Adélékè. "'Writing' and 'Reference' in Ifá Divination Chants." Oral Tradition 25, no. 2 (2010).
3. Dianteill, E. (2022). Venus, Issa, and the Moon Dog, International Journal of Divination and Prognostication, 3(2), 125-170. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/25899201-12340025
4. Fernández Olmos & Paravisini-Gebert 2011. sfn error: no target: CITEREFFernández_OlmosParavisini-Gebert2011 (help)
5. Hagedorn 2001. sfn error: no target: CITEREFHagedorn2001 (help)
6. Holbraad 2005. sfn error: no target: CITEREFHolbraad2005 (help)
7. Pérez y Mena 1998. sfn error: no target: CITEREFPérez_y_Mena1998 (help)
8. Clark 2005. sfn error: no target: CITEREFClark2005 (help)
9. Holbraad 2012. sfn error: no target: CITEREFHolbraad2012 (help)