Jami'ar Rhodes jami'ar bincike ce ta jama'a da ke Makhanda (Grahamstown) a lardin Gabashin Cape na Afirka ta Kudu. [1] Yana daya daga cikin jami'o'i hudu a lardin.
An kafa shi a 1904, Jami'ar Rhodes ita ce jami'ar da ta fi tsufa a lardin, kuma ita ce Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu ta shida mafi tsufa a ci gaba da aiki, Jami'ar Free State (1904), Jami'ar Witwatersrand (1896), Jami'ar Afirka ta Tsakiya (1873) a matsayin Jami'ar Cape of Good Hope, [2]Jami'ar Stellenbosch (1866) [3] da Jami'ar Kapa (1829) [3] da Jami'ar Cape Town (1829) [4] sun riga ta wuce. An kafa Rhodes a cikin 1904 a matsayin Kwalejin Jami'ar Rhodes, mai suna Cecil Rhodes, ta hanyar tallafi daga Rhodes Trust. Ya zama kwalejin da ke cikin Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu a 1918 kafin ya zama jami'a mai zaman kanta a 1951.
Jami'ar tana da rajistar dalibai sama da 8,000 a cikin shekara ta ilimi ta 2015, daga cikinsu sama da 3,600 suna zaune a gidaje 51 a harabar, tare da sauran (wanda aka sani da Oppidans) suna zama a cikin tonowa (gidan zama na waje) ko a cikin gidajensu a garin.
Ra'ayi na High Street yana kallon yamma daga kusurwar Hill Street zuwa Drostdy Arch, babban ƙofar harabar Jami'ar Rhodes ta yanzu. Kusan shekara ta 1898Hasumiyar agogo ta Sir Herbert Baker a tsakiyar harabar Rhodes. Herbert Baker ne ya tsara hasumiyar agogo a cikin 1910 kuma an gina ta a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.
Kodayake an gabatar da shawarar kafa jami'a a Grahamstown tun daga farkon 1902, matsalolin kudi da Yakin Yankin ya haifar a Albany sun hana aiwatar da shawarar. A cikin 1904 Leander Starr Jameson ya ba da £ 50,000 da aka fi so ga jami'ar daga Rhodes Trust. Tare da wannan kudade an kafa Kwalejin Jami'ar Rhodes ta hanyar dokar majalisa a ranar 31 ga Mayu 1904.
Ilimi na jami'a a Gabashin Cape ya fara ne a cikin sassan kwaleji na makarantu huɗu: Kwalejin St. Andrew; Kwalejin Gill, Somerset East; Kwaleji ta Graaff-Reinet; da Cibiyar Grey a Port Elizabeth. Farfesa huɗu na Kwalejin St Andrew, Arthur Matthews, George Cory, Stanley Kidd da G. F. Dingemans sun zama farfesa masu kafa Kwalejin Jami'ar Rhodes.[5]
A farkon shekara ta 1905, Rhodes ya ƙaura daga ƙauyuka a St Andrew's zuwa ginin Drostdy, wanda ya saya daga Gwamnatin Burtaniya. Rhodes ya zama kwalejin da ke cikin sabuwar Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu a 1918 kuma ya ci gaba da fadada girmansa. Lokacin da makomar Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu ta kasance a karkashin bita a 1947, Rhodes ya zaɓi ya zama jami'a mai zaman kanta.
An kaddamar da Jami'ar Rhodes a ranar 10 ga Maris 1951. Sir Basil Schonland, ɗan Selmar Schonland ya zama shugaban farko na alma mater, kuma Dokta Thomas Alty mataimakin shugaban farko. Dangane da Dokar Masu Zaman Kansu ta Jami'ar Rhodes, Kwalejin Jami'ar Fort Hare tana da alaƙa da Jami'ar Rodes. Wannan tsari mai fa'ida ya ci gaba har sai gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta yanke shawarar cire Fort Hare daga Rhodes. Majalisar Dattijai da Majalisar Rhodes sun ki amincewa da wannan, da kuma Dokar Ilimi ta Jami'a daban, wanda suka yi Allah wadai da shi a matsayin tsangwama da 'yancin ilimi. Koyaya, an zartar da takardun kudi guda biyu, kuma haɗin Fort Hare da Rhodes ya ƙare a shekarar 1959. Duk da haka, a cikin 1962 an ba da digirin digirin girmamawa ga shugaban jihar, C. R. Swart, wanda (a matsayin Ministan Shari'a bayan 1948) ke da alhakin zaluntar kungiyoyin siyasa na adawa. Kyautar ta haifar da murabus din shugaban kasar, Sir Basil Schonland, kodayake ba a bayyana dalilansa ba a lokacin.[6]
James Hyslop ya gaji Alty a 1963. A shekara ta 1971, Rhodes ya tattauna don sayen kwalejin horar da malamai da aka rufe wanda 'yan'uwa mata na Community of the Resurrection of our Lord suka gudanar ciki har da gine-gine da filaye da gine-ginen da ke kusa da su, don sauƙaƙe ci gaba da fadadawa.
Rhodes tana da sha huɗu daga cikin kujerun bincike na kasa da aka nada a karkashin Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka ta Kudu. Wannan ya kai kusan kashi 7% na jimlar da aka bayar a Afirka ta Kudu, wani muhimmin rabo idan aka ba da ƙaramin girman jami'ar.[9]
Nazarin Kyakkyawan A cikin Jima'i da Rubuta: Dan Adam da Social Dynamics (Catriona Macleod)
A cikin ilimi, Tsohon Rhodian Max Theiler ya sami kyautar Nobel a fannin ilimin lissafi ko magani don bincikensa a fannin ilmin kwayar cuta a shekarar 1951. [12]
Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun sassan a harabar Rhodes shine makarantar jami'ar Jarida da Nazarin Watsa Labarai, ta hanyar da yawancin shahararrun kafofin watsa labarai na Afirka ta Kudu suka wuce. Har ila yau, akwai adadi mai yawa na shahararrun rediyo waɗanda suka kammala karatu a Rhodes - da yawa daga cikinsu sun kwashe lokaci tare da gidan rediyo na jami'ar Rhodes Music Radio.
Matthew Buckland - Mai watsa labarai da ɗan kasuwa
Steve Linde (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960) - ɗan jarida
Anand Naidoo - Anchor kuma wakilin Al Jazeera Turanci da ke zaune a Washington DC; a baya tare da CNN
Jeremy Mansfield - Mai watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo, mai gabatar da talabijin, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo
Sunan jami'ar ya yi nuni da Cecil Rhodes, wani dan kasuwa na Burtaniya wanda ya taimaka sosai ga bukatun mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a Afirka ta Kudu, wanda ya haifar da gardama tun daga shekarar 2015. zanga-zangar da Rhodes Must Fall ya gudanar a wannan shekarar ta haifar da Jami'ar Cape Town ta cire wani mutum-mutumi na Rhodes, kuma irin wannan zanga-zambe game da gadon Rhodes ya faru a Jami'ar Rhodes. Wasu dalibai da tashoshin sun fara ambaton shi a matsayin "Jami'ar da aka sani a halin yanzu da Rhodes". A cikin 2015 majalisar jami'a ta yi alkawarin tantance ko ya kamata ma'aikatar ta canza sunanta ko a'a, tare da la'akari da wasu hanyoyin da za ta iya magance batutuwan.
A cikin 2017, Majalisar Jami'ar Rhodes ta kada kuri'a 15-9 don amincewa da ci gaba da sunan da ke akwai. Duk da yake jami'ar ta amince da masu sukar cewa " ba za a iya jayayya da cewa Cecil John Rhodes babban masarauta ne kuma fararen mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wanda ke bi da mutanen wannan yankin a matsayin 'yan Adam ba", ya kuma ce tun da daɗewa ya nisanta kansa daga mutumin kuma ya bambanta kansa da sunan Jami'ar Rhodes a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun duniya.[it] Babban gardamar da aka yi game da canjin ita ce ta kudi, saboda irin wannan canjin zai kashe kudi mai yawa kuma jami'ar ta riga ta sami matsala tare da kasafin kudin ta. Bugu da ƙari, canza sunan jami'ar na iya haifar da mummunar tasiri a kan saninsa a duniya.