Jukunawa
 | |
| Yankuna masu yawan jama'a | |
|---|---|
| Najeriya |
Jukunawa ( Njikum ) ƙungiya jam'a ce ta yare ko harsuna a Afirka ta Yamma. 'Yan kabilar Jukun suna zaune a al'adance a jahohin Taraba, Benue, Nasarawa, Filato, Adamawa, da Gombe a Najeriya da wasu sassan arewa maso yammacin Kamaru. Sun fito ne daga tsatson mutanen Kwararafa. Yawancin ƙabilun da ke arewacin tsakiyar Najeriya sun samo asalinsu ne daga ƙabilar Jukun kuma suna da alaƙa ta wata hanyar da harshen Jukun. Har zuwa zuwan Kiristanci da Musulunci, mutanen Jukun mabiya Addinin Gargajiya ne, Mafi yawan kabilun, Alago, Agatu, Rendere, Goemai a Shendam, da sauransu sun bar Kwararafa lokacin da ta wargaje sakamakon wani rikici da ya ɓarke. Mutanen Jukun sun kasu kashi biyu manyan rukuni; da Jukun Wanu da Jukun Wapa. Jukun Wanu masunta ne da ke zaune a gabar kogin Benuwai da Neja inda suke ratsawa ta jihar Taraba, da jihar Benuwai da kuma jihar Nasarawa .[ana buƙatar hujja] Ƙungiyar Wukari, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Aku Uka na Wukari, yanzu ita ce babbar cibiyar jama'ar Jukun.
Yawan jama'a da kuma yawan jama'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Da yake rubutu a ƙarshen shekarun 1920, masanin ilimin ɗan adam na Burtaniya CK Meek ya ƙiyasta cewa akwai kusan masu magana da Jukun 25,000 a lokacin suna raye. Meek ya lura da cewa mafi yawan Jukun sun rayu ne a cikin ƙungiyoyin da ke warwatse a gabar ruwan Benuwai, a yankin da ya yi daidai da masarautar Kwararafa kamar yadda take a ƙarni na 18. Meek ya ce wannan yanki na mazaunin Jukun, ya htada da Abinsi zuwa yamma, Kona zuwa gabas, Pindiga zuwa arewa da kuma Donga a kudu.
Ana iya raba yaren zuwa yaruka daban-daban guda shida: Wukari, Donga, Kona, Gwana da Pindiga, Jibu, kuma a ƙarshe Wase Tofa, kodayake Meek ya lura da cewa yarukan "Kona, Gwana da Pindiga sun banbanta sosai kaɗan don a ɗauke su a matsayin ɗaya . " [1]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kwararafa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Mutanen da ke magana da harshen Jukun sun samo asalinsu ne daga sarakunan masarautar Kwararafa, jihar da ta kasance a Yammacin Kasashen Afirka daga ƙarni na 14 zuwa na 18. A bisa ga al'ada, Jukun jama'a da aka gudana da wata daular mulkinsu.
Tarihin zamani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sakamakon mamayar da fulanin suka yi a farkon ƙarni na 19, mutanen da ke magana da harshen Jukun sun rarrabu a siyasance zuwa bangarori daban-daban na yanki. Zuwa 1920s, babban rukunin jama'ar Jukun, wanda aka fi sani da Wapâ, ya kasance a ciki da kewayen Wukari, inda sarki na yankin da gwamnatin sa ke mulkar su. Sauran mutanen da ke jin yaren Jukun da ke zaune a yankin Binuwai, kamar su Jukun wanu na Abinsi, Gundumar Awei, Donga da Takum, sun kasance a rarrabe a siyasance da gwamnatin Wukari, kuma masu magana da Jukun a Lardin Adamawa sun amince da gwamnan na Sarkin Fulanin Muri.
A lokacin mulkin mallaka, Najeriya ta sha fama da tashe-tashen hankula, sakamakon rikice-rikicen ƙabilanci da dama tsakanin kabilu daban-daban da ke zaune a ƙasar. Akwai rashin jituwa tsakanin Jukun da mutanen Tiv makwabta, wadanda suka yi kaura daga Congo.
Nazari
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1931, kamfanin buga littattafan ilimi Kegan Paul, Trubner & Co. ya buga A Kingdom of Sudan: An Ethnographic Study of the Jinguisan Peoples of Nigeria, wani littafi ne wanda Briton CK Meek ya rubuta, Jami'in Anthropological Officer wanda ke aiki tare da Gudanarwa. Hidima a Najeriya. [2]