Kilonova

Infotaula d'esdevenimentKilonova

Iri stellar evolution (en) Fassara de double star (en) Fassara
astronomical object type (en) Fassara
aukuwa
Suna saboda r-process (en) Fassara
Kwanan watan 2010 –
Yana haddasa gravitational wave (en) Fassara
Ra'ayi na mai zane na taurari na neutron da ke haɗuwa, samar da raƙuman ruwa kuma yana haifar da kilonova
Hoton Kilonova

kilonova (wanda kuma ake kira macronova) wani lamari ne na astronomical wanda ke faruwa a cikin tsarin binary mai mahimmanci lokacin da taurari biyu na neutron ko tauraron neutron da ramin baki suka haɗu.[1] Wadannan haɗuwa ana zaton suna samar da fashewar (gamma-ray) kuma suna fitar da radiation mai haske na lantarki, wanda ake kira "kilonovae", saboda lalacewar rediyo na tsananin r-process da aka samar kuma aka fitar da su daidai a lokacin haɗuwa.[2][3]An ƙaddamar da girman ƙirar kilonova AT2017gfo a farkon lokutan daga yanayin baƙar fata na bakanta. [4][5]

Tarihi

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Hoton da ke nuna ƙananan taurari biyu masu yawa sun haɗu ta hanyar radiation na raƙuman ruwa kuma sun fashe a matsayin kilonova

Li & Paczyński ne suka fara gabatar da kasancewar abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi daga haɗuwa da tauraron neutron a shekarar 1998. [1] Hasken rediyo wanda ya samo asali daga haɗuwa da haɗuwa an kira shi da farko mini-supernova, saboda yana da zuwa hasken supernova na yau da kullun, fashewar kansa na babban tauraron.[6]   Kalmar kilonova daga baya Metzger et al. ne suka gabatar da ita a cikin 2010 don nuna alamar haske, wanda suka nuna ya kai sau 1000 na nova na gargajiya.[7]

An gano dan takarar farko da aka samu a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 2013 a matsayin ɗan gajeren gamma-ray fashewa GRB 130603B ta kayan aiki a cikin jirgin Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Explorer da KONUS / WIND, sannan kuma Hubble Space Telescope ya ɗauka 9 da 30 kwanaki bayan haka.[8]

Wannan hoton mai zane yana nuna kilonova wanda taurari biyu masu haɗari suka samar.

A ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 2017, haɗin gwiwar LIGO da Virgo sun ba da sanarwar ganowa ta farko ta raƙuman ruwa (GW170817 [9]) wanda zai dace da lura da wutar lantarki, kuma ya nuna cewa tushen ya Haɗuwa da tauraron neutron. [10] Wannan haɗuwa ta biyo bayan ɗan gajeren GRB (GRB 170817A) da kuma ɗan gajeren lokaci mai tsawo wanda ake gani na makonni a cikin bakan lantarki na gani da na kusa (AT 2017gfo), wanda ke da shekaru haske miliyan 140 kawai a cikin galaxy mai kusa NGC 4993.[11] Binciken AT 2017gfo ya tabbatar da cewa shine farkon lura na kilonova. [12] Tsarin ƙira na AT2017gfo ya gano abubuwa na r-process strontium da yttrium, wanda ke da alaƙa da kafa abubuwa masu nauyi zuwa haɗuwa da neutron-star.[13][14] Ƙarin ƙira ya nuna ƙwallon wuta da aka fitar na abubuwa masu nauyi ya kasance mai ƙwanƙwasawa sosai a farkon lokutan.[4] Wasu masu bincike sun ba da shawarar cewa "godiya ga wannan aikin, masu binciken sararin samaniya na iya amfani da kilonovae a matsayin kyandir mai ma'ana don auna fadada sararin samaniya. Tunda fashewar kilonovaes suna da siffar siffar siyarwa, masu binciken taurari na iya kwatanta girman fashewar supernova da ainihin girmansa kamar yadda aka gani ta hanyar motsi na gas, don haka auna yawan fadada sarkar samaniya a nesa daban-daban".[15]

Ka'idar

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Halitta da haɗuwa da abubuwa biyu masu mahimmanci sune tushen raƙuman ruwa (GW). [7] Li-Xin Li da Bohdan Paczyński ne suka gabatar da samfurin asali don yanayin zafi daga haɗuwa da tauraron neutron a cikin 1998. [1] A cikin aikinsu, sun ba da shawarar cewa fitar da rediyo daga haɗuwa da tauraron neutron shine tushen samar da wutar lantarki, daga baya aka kira kilonova.[16]

Abubuwan da aka lura

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Binciken kilonova na farko da Hubble Space Telescope ya yi [17]

Shawarwarin lura na farko na kilonova ya zo ne a cikin 2008 biyo bayan fashewar gamma-ray GRB 080503, [18] inda wani abu mai rauni ya bayyana a cikin haske na gani bayan kwana ɗaya kuma ya ɓace cikin sauri. Koyaya, wasu dalilai kamar rashin tauraron dan adam da gano X-ray ba su yarda da ra'ayin kilonova ba. An ba da shawarar wani kilonova a cikin 2013, tare da haɗin gwiwar ɗan gajeren lokaci na GRB 130603B, inda aka gano fitar da infrared mai sauƙi daga kilonova mai nisa ta amfani da Hubble Space Telescope.[8]

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2017, masu binciken taurari sun ba da rahoton cewa abubuwan da aka lura da AT 2017gfo sun nuna cewa shi ne karo na farko da aka samu na kilonova bayan hadewar taurari biyu na neutron.[12]

Fading kilonova a cikin GRB160821B wanda Hubble Space Telescope ya gani.

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2018, masu binciken taurari sun ba da rahoton cewa GRB 150101B, wani fashewar gamma-ray da aka gano a shekarar 2015, na iya zama kwatankwacin tarihin GW170817. Abubuwan da suka faru tsakanin abubuwan da suka faru guda biyu, dangane da hasken gamma, hasken ido da hasken x, da kuma yanayin taurari masu haɗuwa, ana ɗaukar su "mai ban mamaki", kuma wannan kamani mai ban mamaki yana nuna cewa abubuwan da suka bambanta da masu zaman kansu na iya zama sakamakon haɗuwa da taurari na neutron, kuma duka biyu na iya zama aji na kilonova transients da ba na gani ba. Saboda haka, abubuwan da suka faru a Kilonova na iya zama daban-daban kuma na kowa a sararin samaniya fiye da yadda aka fahimta a baya, a cewar masu bincike.[19][20] A baya, GRB 160821B, fashewar gamma-ray da aka gano a watan Agusta 2016, yanzu an yi imanin cewa ya kasance saboda kilonova, ta hanyar kamanceceniyar bayanansa da AT2017gfo.[21]

An kuma yi tunanin kilonova ya haifar da fashewar gamma-ray mai tsawo GRB 211211A, wanda aka gano a watan Disamba na 2021 ta Swift's Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) da Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM).[22][23] Wadannan binciken sun kalubalanci ka'idar da ta kasance a baya cewa GRBs masu tsawo sun fito ne kawai daga supernovae, fashewar ƙarshen rayuwa na manyan taurari.[24] GRB 211211A ya kasance 51s; GRB 191019A (2019) da GRB 230307A (2023), [25] tare da tsawon lokaci na kusan 64s da 35s bi da bi, an kuma yi jayayya cewa suna cikin wannan aji na dogon GBRs daga Haɗuwa da tauraron neutron. [26][27][28][29][30]

A cikin 2023, an lura da GRB 230307A kuma an haɗa shi da tellurium da lanthanides.[31]

Dubi kuma

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  • Hypernova
  • Sabon
  • Tsarin R
  • Supernova
  • Mai yaudara mai yawa

manazarta

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Li, L.-X.; Paczyński, B.; Fruchter, A. S.; Hjorth, J.; Hounsell, R. A.; Wiersema, K.; Tunnicliffe, R. (1998). "Transient Events from Neutron Star Mergers". The Astrophysical Journal. 507 (1): L59–L62. arXiv:astro-ph/9807272. Bibcode:1998ApJ...507L..59L. doi:10.1086/311680. S2CID 3091361. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "LiPaczynski1998" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ Metzger, Brian D. (2019-12-16). "Kilonovae". Living Reviews in Relativity (in Turanci). 23 (1): 1. arXiv:1910.01617. Bibcode:2019LRR....23....1M. doi:10.1007/s41114-019-0024-0. ISSN 1433-8351. PMC 6914724. PMID 31885490.
  3. ↑ Rosswog, Stephan (2015-04-01). "The multi-messenger picture of compact binary mergers". International Journal of Modern Physics D. 24 (5): 1530012–1530052. arXiv:1501.02081. Bibcode:2015IJMPD..2430012R. doi:10.1142/S0218271815300128. ISSN 0218-2718. S2CID 118406320.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Sneppen, Albert; Watson, Darach; Bauswein, Andreas; Just, Oliver; Kotak, Rubina; Nakar, Ehud; Poznanski, Dovi; Sim, Stuart (February 2023). "Spherical symmetry in the kilonova AT2017gfo/GW170817". Nature (in Turanci). 614 (7948): 436–439. arXiv:2302.06621. Bibcode:2023Natur.614..436S. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05616-x. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 36792736 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 256846834 Check |s2cid= value (help). Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Spher" defined multiple times with different content
  5. ↑ Sneppen, Albert (2023-09-01). "On the Blackbody Spectrum of Kilonovae". The Astrophysical Journal. 955 (1): 44. arXiv:2306.05452. Bibcode:2023ApJ...955...44S. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acf200. ISSN 0004-637X.
  6. ↑ "Hubble captures infrared glow of a kilonova blast". spacetelescope.org. 5 August 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Metzger, B. D.; Martínez-Pinedo, G.; Darbha, S.; Quataert, E.; Arcones, A.; Kasen, D.; Thomas, R.; Nugent, P.; Panov, I. V.; Zinner, N. T. (August 2010). "Electromagnetic counterparts of compact object mergers powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 406 (4): 2650. arXiv:1001.5029. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.406.2650M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16864.x. S2CID 118863104. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Metzger2010" defined multiple times with different content
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Tanvir, N. R.; Levan, A. J.; Fruchter, A. S.; Hjorth, J.; Hounsell, R. A.; Wiersema, K.; Tunnicliffe, R. L. (2013). "A 'kilonova' associated with the short-duration γ-ray burst GRB 130603B". Nature. 500 (7464): 547–549. arXiv:1306.4971. Bibcode:2013Natur.500..547T. doi:10.1038/nature12505. PMID 23912055. S2CID 205235329. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Tanvir2013" defined multiple times with different content
  9. ↑ Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.; Acernese, F.; Ackley, K.; Adams, C.; Adams, T.; Addesso, P.; Adhikari, R. X.; Adya, V. B. (16 October 2017). "GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral". Physical Review Letters. 119 (16): 161101. arXiv:1710.05832. Bibcode:2017PhRvL.119p1101A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.161101. PMID 29099225. S2CID 217163611.
  10. ↑ Miller, M. Coleman (16 October 2017). "Gravitational waves: A golden binary". Nature. News and Views (7678): 36. Bibcode:2017Natur.551...36M. doi:10.1038/nature24153.
  11. ↑ Berger, E. (16 October 2017). "Focus on the Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Neutron Star Binary Merger GW170817". Astrophysical Journal Letters. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.; Acernese, F.; Ackley, K.; Adams, C.; Adams, T.; Addesso, P.; Adhikari, R. X.; Adya, V. B.; Affeldt, C.; Afrough, M.; Agarwal, B.; Agathos, M.; Agatsuma, K. (2017-10-16). "Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger". The Astrophysical Journal (in Turanci). 848 (2): L12. arXiv:1710.05833. Bibcode:2017ApJ...848L..12A. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa91c9. ISSN 2041-8213. S2CID 217162243. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  13. ↑ Watson, Darach; Hansen, Camilla J.; Selsing, Jonatan; Koch, Andreas; Malesani, Daniele B.; Andersen, Anja C.; Fynbo, Johan P. U.; Arcones, Almudena; Bauswein, Andreas; Covino, Stefano; Grado, Aniello; Heintz, Kasper E.; Hunt, Leslie; Kouveliotou, Chryssa; Leloudas, Giorgos (October 2019). "Identification of strontium in the merger of two neutron stars". Nature (in Turanci). 574 (7779): 497–500. arXiv:1910.10510. Bibcode:2019Natur.574..497W. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1676-3. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 31645733. S2CID 204837882.
  14. ↑ Sneppen, Albert; Watson, Darach (2023-07-01). "Discovery of a 760 nm P Cygni line in AT2017gfo: Identification of yttrium in the kilonova photosphere". Astronomy & Astrophysics (in Turanci). 675: A194. arXiv:2306.14942. Bibcode:2023A&A...675A.194S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346421. ISSN 0004-6361.
  15. ↑ "When Neutron Stars Collide, the Explosion is Perfectly Spherical". 17 February 2023.
  16. ↑ Metzger, Brian D. (2019-12-16). "Kilonovae". Living Reviews in Relativity (in Turanci). 23 (1): 1. arXiv:1910.01617. Bibcode:2019LRR....23....1M. doi:10.1007/s41114-019-0024-0. ISSN 1433-8351. PMC 6914724. PMID 31885490.
  17. ↑ "Hubble observes source of gravitational waves for the first time". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  18. ↑ Perley, D. A.; Metzger, B. D.; Granot, J.; Butler, N. R.; Sakamoto, T.; Ramirez-Ruiz, E.; Levan, A. J.; Bloom, J. S.; Miller, A. A. (2009). "GRB 080503: Implications of a Naked Short Gamma-Ray Burst Dominated by Extended Emission". The Astrophysical Journal (in Turanci). 696 (2): 1871–1885. arXiv:0811.1044. Bibcode:2009ApJ...696.1871P. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/696/2/1871. S2CID 15196669.
  19. ↑ Troja, E.; et al. (16 October 2018). "A luminous blue kilonova and an off-axis jet from a compact binary merger at z = 0.1341". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 4089. arXiv:1806.10624. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.4089T. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06558-7. PMC 6191439. PMID 30327476.
  20. ↑ Wall, Mike (17 October 2018). "Powerful Cosmic Flash Is Likely Another Neutron-Star Merger". Space.com. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  21. ↑ Strickland, Ashley (2019-08-27). "This is what it looks like when an explosion creates gold in space". CNN (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-12-11.
  22. ↑ Reddy, Francis (2022-10-13). "NASA's Swift, Fermi Missions Detect Exceptional Cosmic Blast". NASA. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
  23. ↑ "Kilonova Discovery Challenges our Understanding of Gamma-Ray Bursts". Gemini Observatory (in Turanci). 2022-12-07. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
  24. ↑ Troja, Eleonora; Dichiara, Simone (21 December 2022). "Unusual, long-lasting gamma-ray burst challenges theories about these powerful cosmic explosions that make gold, uranium and other heavy metals". The Conversation (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-12-27.
  25. ↑ Rastinejad, Jillian C.; Gompertz, Benjamin P.; Levan, Andrew J.; Fong, Wen-fai; Nicholl, Matt; Lamb, Gavin P.; Malesani, Daniele B.; Nugent, Anya E.; Oates, Samantha R.; Tanvir, Nial R.; de Ugarte Postigo, Antonio; Kilpatrick, Charles D.; Moore, Christopher J.; Metzger, Brian D.; Ravasio, Maria Edvige (2022-12-08). "A kilonova following a long-duration gamma-ray burst at 350 Mpc". Nature (in Turanci). 612 (7939): 223–227. arXiv:2204.10864. Bibcode:2022Natur.612..223R. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05390-w. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 36477128 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 248376822 Check |s2cid= value (help).
  26. ↑ Troja, E.; Fryer, C. L.; O’Connor, B.; Ryan, G.; Dichiara, S.; Kumar, A.; Ito, N.; Gupta, R.; Wollaeger, R. T.; Norris, J. P.; Kawai, N.; Butler, N. R.; Aryan, A.; Misra, K.; Hosokawa, R. (2022-12-08). "A nearby long gamma-ray burst from a merger of compact objects". Nature (in Turanci). 612 (7939): 228–231. arXiv:2209.03363. Bibcode:2022Natur.612..228T. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05327-3. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 9729102 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 36477127 Check |pmid= value (help).
  27. ↑ Levan, Andrew J.; Malesani, Daniele B.; Gompertz, Benjamin P.; Nugent, Anya E.; Nicholl, Matt; Oates, Samantha R.; Perley, Daniel A.; Rastinejad, Jillian; Metzger, Brian D.; Schulze, Steve; Stanway, Elizabeth R.; Inkenhaag, Anne; Zafar, Tayyaba; Agüí Fernández, J. Feliciano; Chrimes, Ashley A. (2023-06-22). "A long-duration gamma-ray burst of dynamical origin from the nucleus of an ancient galaxy". Nature Astronomy (in Turanci). 7 (8): 976–985. arXiv:2303.12912. Bibcode:2023NatAs...7..976L. doi:10.1038/s41550-023-01998-8. ISSN 2397-3366. S2CID 257687190 Check |s2cid= value (help).
  28. ↑ "GCN - Circulars - 33410: Solar Orbiter STIX observation of GRB 230307A".
  29. ↑ "GCN - Circulars - 33412: GRB 230307A: AGILE/MCAL detection".
  30. ↑ Wodd, Charlie (11 December 2023). "Extra-Long Blasts Challenge Our Theories of Cosmic Cataclysms". Quanta magazine.
  31. ↑ Levan, Andrew; Gompertz, Benjamin P.; Salafia, Om Sharan; Bulla, Mattia; Burns, Eric; Hotokezaka, Kenta; Izzo, Luca; Lamb, Gavin P.; Malesani, Daniele B.; Oates, Samantha R.; Ravasio, Maria Edvige; Rouco Escorial, Alicia; Schneider, Benjamin; Sarin, Nikhil; Schulze, Steve (2023-10-25). "Heavy element production in a compact object merger observed by JWST". Nature (in Turanci). 626 (8000): 737–741. arXiv:2307.02098. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06759-1. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 10881391 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 37879361 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 264489953 Check |s2cid= value (help).