Makarantar USC na Fasahar Sinima

Makarantar USC na Fasahar Sinima
film school ^(en)
Bayanai
Farawa	1929
Ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Shafin yanar gizo	cinema.usc.edu
Wuri
34°01′23″N 118°17′09″W / 34.0231°N 118.2858°W / 34.0231; -118.2858
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Jihar Tarayyar Amurika	Kalifoniya
County of California ^(en)	Los Angeles County ^(en)
Charter city ^(en)	Los Angeles

USC School of Cinematic Arts

USC Carson Television Center

Jami'ar Kudancin Usc California wato makarantar horar da fasahar Sinima (School of Cinematic Art), tana daya daga cikin manyan makarantun koyar da shirye-shiryen fina-finai a duniya, kuma ana daukar ta a matsayin makarantar da ta fi ko wacce a horar da harkokin fina finai duniya. An kafa makarantar tare da hadin gwiwar Academy of Motion Hoto Arts and Sciences a 1929, SCA ta habaka wajen samar da ababan Nishadi a matsayin masana'antar da kumą nau'in fasaha. Bangare bakwai na Makarantar — Fim & Production; Cinema & Media Studies; John C. Hench Division of Animation + Digital Arts; John Wells Division na Rubutun don Allon & Talabijin; Kafofin watsa labarai masu Hulda & Wasanni; Media Arts + Ayyuka; Shirin Samar da Peter Stark - yana kuma ba da cikakkun shirye-shirye a cikin duk fasahar fina-finai, duk suna goyan bayan ilimin fasaha mai sassaucin ra'ayi kuma manyan kwararrun masana a kowane fage. Tana da tsofaffin dalibai sama da 16,000, wadanda yawancinsu suna cikin fitattun yan wasan raye-raye na duniya, masana, malamai, marubuta, daraktoci, furodusoshi, masu daukar hoto, masu gyara, kwararrun sauti, masu zanen wasan bidiyo da shugabannin masana'antu. Tun daga shekarar 1973 ba shekara daya da ta wuce ba tare da an zaɓi tsohon ko wani dalibi don lambar yabo ta Academy ko Emmy ba.

Makarantar Cinematic Arts ta USC tana karkashin jagorancin Dean Elizabeth Monk Daley, wanda ke rike da kujera Steven J. Ross/Time Warner kuma itace tefi kowacce Dean dadewa a Jami'ar Kudancin California, wanda wacce ke jagoranci Makarantar Cinema tun 1991.

Tarihi

Lokacin da Douglas Fairbanks ya zama shugaban farko na Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Fasahar Motsin Hoto (Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences) a 1927, ɗayan mafi sabbin abubuwa akan ajandarsa shine cewa Kwalejin ta sami "makarantar horarwa." Kamar yadda Fairbanks da masu ba da damarsa suka yi tunanin cewa horo a cikin fasahar fina-finai ya kamata a duba a matsayin halaltaccen horo na ilimi a manyan jami'o'i, idan aka yi la'akari da digiri iri daya da fannoni kamar likitanci da doka. Ko da yake shirye-shiryen karatun fina-finai a yanzu sun sami gindin zama a fannin ilimi, da ban da ban wancan lokacin sabon ra'ayi ne kuma jami'o'i da yawa sun mayar da Fairbanks baya. Amma ya sami karbuwa sosai a Jami'ar Kudancin California wanda ya yarda ya ba da izinin aji daya, wanda ake kira "Gabatarwa ga Photoplay" wanda aka yi muhawara a 1929, a daidai wannan shekarar da lambar yabo ta Academy. Kaddara don yin nasara, Fairbanks ya kawo manyan sunayen masana'antu na zamanin don lacca, ciki har da Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford, DW Griffith, Charlie Chaplin, William C. DeMille, Ernst Lubitsch, Irving Thalberg, da Darryl Zanuck . ^[1] Daga wannan aji ya girma Sashen Cinematography (1932) a Kwalejin Haruffa, Fasaha da Kimiyya, wanda aka sake masa suna Sashen Cinema (1940), wanda ya kai ga kafa USC School of Cinema-Television (1983), wanda ya kasance. an sake masa suna USC School of Cinematic Arts (2006) ^[2] .

Makarantar USC ta Cinematic Arts ita ce kadai makarantar horar da ilimin satsa labarai (media) a duniya wacce ke koyar da duk fannonin fasahar fina-finai. Kusan shekaru dari, SCA ta kasance mafi aminci da mafi cancantuwa wajen horo na Hollywood don 'yan wasanta na gaba su sama kwarewa da gwanintar zatarawa. Shirye-shiryen SCA suna jawo hankalin dalibai daga ko'ina cikin duniya wadanda ke zuwa harabarta ta Los Angeles don mashahurin manhaja, bincike mai zurfi da wuraren samar da fina-finai, babbar jami'a, da kuma kusanci mai zurfi zuwa Hollywood.

Sunan SCA na duniya a matsayin cibiyar sabbin kafofin watsa labaru ya fito ne daga tsarin karatu mai da hankali a nan gaba wanda ke da darajar fasaha da hanyoyin sarrafawa tare da bincike da malanta. Manufar Makarantar ita ce karfafa dalibai masu hazaka tare da hangen nesa da karfin gwiwa don ci gaba da daukar matsayin jagoranci a kowane fanni na kafofin watsa labarai na zamani. Daliban SCA masu yin watsa labarai ne, masana tarihi, da ƴan kasuwa. Sun kammala karatun digiri na "shirye-shiryen masana'antu," an shirya don sana'a a cikin manyan kafofin watsa labaru. A yau, USC School of Cinematic Arts Cinematic Arts tsofaffin daliban za a iya samun su a kowane matsayi na kowane fanni na kafofin watsa labarai masu motsi. Su ne malamai, masu gudanarwa, masu yin fina-finai da talabijin, masu zane-zane na wasan kwaikwayo, masu kirkiro masu kwarewa, masu zane-zane, da kuma shugabanni a cikin kafofin watsa labaru masu tasowa. Su ne kuma malamai a manyan cibiyoyi a fadin duniya.

A ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2006, USC ta ba da sanarwar cewa tsohon dalibi George Lucas ya ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka miliyan 175 don fadada makarantar fim tare da sabon 137,000 square feet (12,700 m²) kayan aiki. Wannan ya wakilci mafi girman gudummawar guda ɗaya ga USC kuma mafi girma ga kowace makarantar fim a duniya. Ba da gudummawar da ya bayar a baya ya haifar da sunan gine-gine biyu a cikin ginin makarantar da ta gabata, wanda aka Bude a cikin 1984, bayan shi da matarsa Marcia a lokacin, kodayake Lucas ba ya son gine-ginen Tarurrukan Mulkin Mulkin Sifen da aka yi amfani da su a wadannan gine-gine. Wani masanin sha'awar gine-gine, Lucas ya ba da zane-zane na asali don aikin, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar Salon Farfado na Rum wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tsofaffin gine-ginen harabar da kuma yankin Los Angeles. Har ila yau, aikin ya sami Karin dala miliyan 50 a cikin gudunmawar daga Warner Bros., 20th Century Fox da Kamfanin Walt Disney.

A cikin shekarata 2006, makarantar, tare da Royal Film Commission na Jordan, sun kirkiro Cibiyar Harkokin Fasahar Sinima ta Red Sea (RSICA) a Aqaba, dake birnin Jordan. ^[3] An gudanar da azuzuwan farko a shekarar 2008, kuma ajin farko da aka yaye jami’a a shekarar 2010 ne.

Makarantar Cinematic Arts ta USC ta sanar da cewa za ta cire wani talaafi da aka sadaukar ga dan wasan kwaikwayo kuma tsohon daliban USC John Wayne, bayan shafe watanni na nacewa daga wasu kwararan dalibai da ke yin tir da ra'ayoyin tauraron na Hollywood da kuma yawan sanya yan asalin Amurkawa a cikin fina-finansa. An mayar da nunin zuwa dakin karatu na Cinematic Arts wanda ke da tarin tarin yawa don nazarin alkaluma waɗanda rayuwarsu da ayyukansu wani ɓangare ne na tarihin al'umma. An adana waɗannan kayan don zuriya kuma an sanya su don yin bincike da ƙwarewa kamar yadda kayan da ke cikin Tarin Wayne.

Rarraba

Fim & Samarwa a kafar Talabijin

Shahararriyar sashin Makarantar, wacce ake kira da “makarantar fina-finai ta USC,” Sashen Fina-Finai da Ayyukan Talabijin na koya wa dalibai yadda ake yin fice, a abubuwan da ake bukata don allon TV na kowane girma da fadi kama daga IMAX ko kuma na'urar wayar hannu. A SCA, dalibai da sauri suke kwarewa da kayan aikin kasuwanci, daga kyamarori, kayan haske, da software na gyar-gyare zuwa sabbin fasahohi da hanyayin sarrafawa wadanda ke canza tsarin samar da shirye shirye. Kujerar yanzu: ita ce Gail Katz, mai rike da kujerar Mary Pickford Endowed kujera; Mataimakiyar shugabar ita ce Susan Arnold. https://cinema.usc.edu/production/index.cfm

Cinema & Media Studies

Sashen Cinema & Nazarin Watsa Labarai (Division of Cinema & Media Studies) tana ba da ilimi mai zurfin akan kafofin watsa labarai da Nishadi wadanda ke aiki a matsayin tushe don ayyuka a hukumomin baiwa, kamfanonin gudanarwa, kamfanoni masu samarwa, da dakunan karatu na duniya wadanda ke habakawa da rarraba kafofin watsa labarai a duniya. Hakanan ita ce cibiyar cibiyar ka'idar fim a Makarantar Cinematic Arts ta USC. Shugabar yanzu ita ce Priya Jaikumar. https://cinema.usc.edu/mediastudies/index.cfm ]

The John C. Hench Fannin + Fasahar Digital

John C. Hench Division of Animation + Digital Arts yana koyar da darussa a kowane fanni na rayarwa da fasahar dijital. Wadannan sun hada da wasan kwaikwayo na al'ada, 2-D da 3-D ba da labari, daukar wasan kwaikwayo, tasirin gani, zane-zanen motsi, tsayawa-motsi, yin fim na gwaji, shigarwa da multimedia, raye-rayen raye-raye, da hangen nesa binciken kimiyya. Shugabar na yanzu ita ce Teresa Cheng, wacce ke rike da kujerar John C. Hench Endowed Division. https://cinema.usc.edu/animation/index.cfm

Sashen Watsa Labarai na Sadarwa & Wasanni

Sashen Watsa Labarai da Wasanni na Interactive Media yana koyar da kwarewar wasa da ma'amala da suka hada da, amma ba'a iyakance ga wasannin bidiyo ba, wadanda ke habaka bangaren masana'antar nishadi cikin sauri. USC ta kasance majagaba wajen koyar da tushe na wasanni da kafofin watsa labarai masu mu'amala yayin da kuma ciyar da filin gaba tare da sabbin dabarun bincike. Binciken Princeton ya sanya USC # 1 Makarantar Design Game a Arewacin Amurka kowace shekara tun lokacin da tsarin martaba ya fara a 2009. Shugaban na yanzu shine Danny Bilson. https://cinema.usc.edu/interactive/index.cfm

Media Arts + Ayyuka

Media Arts + Practice Division (MA+P) wata al'umma ce ta masu Kirkirar kafofin watsa labaru da yawa wadanda suka kware a cikin dabaru da fasahohin fasaha da kira na dijital, kafofin watsa labarai na cinematic, da ba da labari. MA+P yana kirkira da nazarin kafofin watsa labarai don fannoni daban-daban kamar kasuwanci, likitanci, ilimi, zanen gine-gine, doka, tsara birane, yin fim, da kari mai yawa. Shugaban na yanzu shine Holly Willis. https://cinema.usc.edu/imap/index.cfm ]

Sashen John Wells na Rubutun don Allon & Talabijin

Sashen Rubutu na John Wells don Allon & Talabijin (Division of Writing for Screen & Television) yana koya wa dalibai yadda ake Kirkirar nau'ikan rubutun da ke burge masu haɗin gwiwa, wakilai, manajoji, da masu saka hannun jari kuma su zama ayyukan gaske.Tsarin karatun yana nutsar da dalibai a cikin al'adar SCA na kirkira labarai masu jan hankali da habaka illolin labarin ku ta hanyar kananan azuzuwan bita. Za ku koyi rubuta gajerun rubutun, wasan kwaikwayo na tsawon fasali, shirye-shiryen talabijin a cikin wasan ban dariya da wasan kwaikwayo, jerin gidan yanar gizo, da rubutun wasanni da sauran kafofin watsa labarai masu zurfafa. Kujerar yanzu shine David Isaacs. https://cinema.usc.edu/writing/index.cfm

Sashin Samar da Shirye-shirye na Peter Stark

Sashin Samarwa na Peter Stark zai fallasa kwakkwaran furodusa zuwa cikakken nau'in kasuwancin nishadi. Dalibai za su koyi kowane mataki na tsarin kirkira, daga ci gaba ta hanyar rarrabawa. Starkies sun gano da habaka kwararrun kirkira, kasuwanci, da kwarewar gudanarwa da ake bukata don yin nasara a tafarkin sana'arsu ta hanyar azuzuwan kirkira da habaka labarai, tarihin Nishadi, tattalin Arzikin, sarrafa dakin studio, tsara kasafin kudi, tallace-tallace, da samarwa masu zaman kansu. Shugaban na yanzu shine Ed Saxon, wanda ke rike da kujerar Peter Stark Endowed.

Shirye-shirye na musamman sun hada da USC na barkwanci wato Comedy, wanda ya hada da karami a cikin Comedy, da kuma Bikin Barkwanci na shekara-shekara; Wasannin USC, hadin gwiwa tare da USC Viterbi School of Engineering da gidan kungiyar masu jigilar kaya ta USC; da kuma John H. Mitchell Kasuwanci na Shirin Cinematic Arts, wanda ke kula da shirye-shirye a cikin kasuwancin nishadi tare da hadin gwiwar Makarantar Kasuwancin USC Marshall. https://cinema.usc.edu/producing/index.cfm

Fannuka

Mashahuran kwararrun kafofin watsa labaru da masana media ne ke jagorantar Makarantar, wadanda suka sami babban yabo a fannonin kwarewar su, gami da lambar yabo ta Academy, Emmys, Golden Globes, Pulitzer Prizes, Kyautar Zabin Masu Habaka Game, Kyautar Humanitas, da sauransu. Suna tsarawa da ba da gudummawa sosai ga mujallu, tarurruka, abubuwan da suka faru, da tattaunawa wadanda ke Kara fahimtar al'ummar duniya da jin dadin fasahar fina-finai. A karkashin jagorancin wadannan malamai da kwararrun kwararrun ma'aikata, dalibai suna bunkasa a cikin al'umma inda kowa ya mayar da hankali ga Kirkirar manyan kafofin watsa labaru da fahimtar ikonsa. Makarantar Cinematic Arts kuma tana da Kwamitin Majalissar Dokoki, wanda ya kunshi shugabanni daga ko'ina cikin masana'antar watsa shirye-shiryen fina-finai waɗanda ke taimakawa jagorar alkiblar Makarantar nan gaba tare da yin aiki tare da Dean don tabbatar da samar da makarantar yadda ya kamata.

Kayayyakin aiki

Gudunmawa daga kamfanonin masana'antar fina-finai da wasanni, abokai, da tsofaffin ɗalibai sun ba wa makarantar damar gina wurare kamar haka: ^[4]

• Makarantar Cinematic Arts Complex, wanda aka kammala a 2010, wanda ya haɗa da:
  • 20th Century Fox soundstage
  • George Lucas da Steven Spielberg Gine-gine, wanda ke nuna gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ray Stark, wanda aka tanadar don gabatarwar 3D, da kuma gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na dijital guda biyu, gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Albert da Dana Broccoli da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Fanny Brice.
  • Marcia Lucas Post-Production Center
  • Marilyn & Jeffrey Katzenberg Cibiyar Animation
  • Sumner Redstone Production Gine wanda ya ƙunshi matakai biyu Redstone 1 da Restone 2
  • Interactive gini (SCI), gida na USC Interactive Media & Wasanni Division, da USC Division of Media Arts da Practice, da kuma da dama bincike dakunan gwaje-gwaje (The Game Innovation Lab, da Wayar hannu da Muhalli Media Lab Archived 2021-11-16 at the Wayback Machine, da Mixed Reality Lab da kuma m Media Media. & Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Hali, da sauransu)
• Robert Zemeckis Center for Digital Arts, gidan Trojan Vision, USC ta dalibi tashar talabijin
• Eileen Norris Cinema Theater Complex, wanda ke nuna gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai kujeru 365 wanda kuma ke aiki a matsayin aji tare da memba na USC kuma wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Academy Tomlinson Holman 's THX audiovisual reproduction standard da aka yi amfani da shi a wuraren fina-finai a duk duniya. Zauren Frank Sinatra, wanda aka keɓe a cikin 2002, yana baje kolin nunin jama'a da tarin manyan abubuwan tunawa da ke tunawa da rayuwar Sinatra da gudummawar ga shahararrun al'adun Amurka.
• David L. Wolper Cibiyar a Doheny Memorial Library
• Louis B. Mayer Cibiyar Nazarin shirye-shiryen Fina-finai da kuma Telebijin dake Doheny Memorial Library
• Hugh M. Hefner Taskar Hoton Motsawa

A tsakiyar sabon gidan talabijin akwai mutum-mutumi na wanda ya kafata wato Douglas Fairbanks. A hannunasa yana rike da foil na wasan zorro a hannu daya kuma yana rike da rubutaccen shiri karfin alakarsa da kungiyar wasan kwallon kafa ta USC .

Bambance-bambance

Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Eileen Norris Cinema, gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai kujeru 340 wanda ke daukar nauyin nunin fina-finai, laccoci, da abubuwan da suka faru na musamman. ^[5] A nan ne aka fara haɓaka THX kuma aka shigar da shi.

• Tun daga 1973, an zabi akalla tsofaffin daliban SCA guda daya don Kyautar Kwalejin a kowace shekara, jimlar zabe 256 da nasara 78. ^[6]
• Tun daga 1973, akalla tsofaffin daliban SCA ko tsofaffin dalibai an zabi su don lambar yabo ta Emmy kowace shekara, jimlar zabin 473 da nasara 119. ^[6]
• Manyan fina-finai 17 da suka samu kuɗi a kowane lokaci sun sami digiri na SCA a cikin mahimmin matsayi na kirkira. ^[6]
• Bita na Princeton ya zabi shirin tsara wasan bidiyo na Interactive Media and Games Division mafi kyau a Arewacin Amurka shekaru da yawa a jere.
• Dukansu The Hollywood Reporter da USA A Yau sun sanya SCA lambar shirin fina-finai na daya a duniya, tare da kayan aikin da ba su dace ba, kusanci da Hollywood, da kuma hadin gwiwar masana'antu da yawa shine dalilin farko.
• Adadin karbar dalibai na yanzu don Makarantar Cinematic Arts ta USC shine 8.8% na sabbin maza.

Kyaututtukan don gajerun fina-finai na Cinema na USC

• A cikin 1956, furodusa Wilber T. Blume, wani malamin Cinema na USC a lokacin, ya sami lambar yabo ta Academy Award don mafi kyawun gajeren fim na rayuwa don fim din da ya kirkira mai suna The Face of Lincoln . Blume kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta Academy Award a waccan shekarar don takaitaccen labari.
• A cikin 1968, George Lucas ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko a cikin nau'in fina-finai masu ban sha'awa a bikin fina-finai na dalibai na kasa na uku da aka gudanar a Cibiyar Lincoln, New York don Labyrinth na Lantarki na gaba: THX 1138 4EB . ^[7]
• A cikin 1970, furodusa John Longenecker ya sami lambar yabo ta Academy don mafi kyawun ɗan gajeren fim na rayuwa don fim ɗin da ya yi yayin halartar azuzuwan USC Cinema 480 a matsayin dalibi na digiri- The Resurrection of Broncho Billy . Ma'aikatan fim din da ƙwararrun ƙwararru sun haɗa da Nick Castle, mai daukar hoto; John Carpenter, editan fim da kiɗa na asali; James Rokos, darekta; Johnny Crawford, jagoran wasan kwaikwayo; da Kristin Nelson, jagorar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo.
• A cikin 1973, Robert Zemeckis ya sami lambar yabo ta musamman na juri a Kwalejin Motion Hoto Arts & Sciences' gabatarwa na shekara-shekara na Fina-finai na Dalibai don Filin Daraja .
• A cikin 2001, ɗalibin MFA David Greenspan ya lashe kyautar Palme d'Or don ɗan gajeren fim a Cannes Film Festival don ɗalibin fim ɗin Bean Cake. ^[8]
• A cikin 2006, darektan, marubuci, da furodusa Ari Sandel sun sami lambar yabo ta Academy Award don mafi kyawun gajeriyar fim ɗin rayuwa (" Labarin Yammacin Bankin ") wanda aka yi azaman aikin makarantar digiri na USC Cinema.
• A cikin 2009, an zaɓi ɗalibin MFA Gregg Helvey don lambar yabo ta Academy don fim ɗin littafinsa na MFA, Kavi. ^[9]

Sanannun tsofaffin daliban SCA

Duba kuma Jerin mutanen Jami'ar Kudancin California

SCA tana da tsofaffin dalibai sama da 16,000. Daga cikinsu mafi shahara akwai:  

Sauran manyan malamai rassan makaranta (na baya da na yanzu)

Danny Bilson Mitchell Block Mark Bolas Peter Bonerz Todd Boyd Trey Callaway Drew Casper Peter Chung Frank Daniel Edward Dmytryk John A. Ferraro[10] Verna Fields Scott Fisher Rachel Feldman James Franco[11]

Robert L. Freedman Anne Friedberg Nina Foch Tracy Fullerton Maureen Furniss Eric Goldberg Dan Gordon Mark Jonathan Harris Ray Harryhausen Tomlinson Holman Gordy Hoffman Sean Hood Jerry Lewis[12] Leonard Maltin

Robert McKee Michael Naimark Christine Panushka Mark Pesce Gene Polito[13] Abraham Polonsky Bill Prady Howard Rodman Howard Rosenberg Tom Sito Kathy Smith Chris Swain Larry Turman Jordan Weisman Paul Wolff Slavko Vorkapić

Duba kuma

• Kamus na kalmomin motsi
• Dirty Dozen (fim), kungiyar dalibai a cikin 1960s

Manazarta

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

1. Rachel Abramowitz, L.A.'s screening gems, Los Angeles Times, Accessed June 16, 2008.
2. Stuart Silverstein, George Lucas Donates USC's Largest Single Gift^{[dead link]}, The Los Angeles Times, September 19, 2006
3. Jordan Signs Cinema Pact With USC Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, USC Public Relations, September 20, 2006
4. Facilities^{[permanent dead link]}
5. Eileen Norris Cinema Theatre Complex, USC School of Cinematic Arts Facilities, Accessed January 3, 2009.
6. Mel Cowan, Cinematic Arts Celebrates 80th Anniversary With All New Campus Archived 2009-05-26 at the Wayback Machine, University of Southern California, March 31, 2009, Accessed May 1, 2009.
7. The Student Movie Makers, TIME Magazine, February 2, 1968
8. Alumni Profile: Cannes Do Spirit Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, Trojan Family Magazine, Spring 2002, Accessed September 19, 2006.
9. KAVI – a short film written and directed by Gregg Helvey » Cast/Crew Archived 2021-11-27 at the Wayback Machine.
10. "Passings: Dick Hoerner, L.A. Rams fullback, dies at 88; John A. Ferraro, actor, director and USC teacher, dies at 64". Los Angeles Times. December 19, 2010. Retrieved December 24, 2010.
11. Kaufman, Amy (October 9, 2012). "James Franco to teach a USC film production class next spring". Los Angeles Times.
12. David Kehr, Jerry Lewis, Mercurial Comedian and Filmmaker, Dies at 91, The New York Times, August 20, 2017.
13. "Respected Cinematographer, Professor and USC Alumnus obituary". USC School of Cinematic Arts. December 2, 2010. Retrieved December 12, 2010.^{[dead link]}