Mamia Chentouf

Mamia Chentouf
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna Mamia Aïssa
Haihuwa Tlemcen Province (en) Fassara, 1922
ƙasa Aljeriya
Faransa
Mutuwa Aljir, 10 Oktoba 2012
Karatu
Makaranta Jami'ar Algiers 1
Harsuna Larabci
Malamai midwifery (en) Fassara
Kimiyyar siyasa
Sana'a
Sana'a midwife (en) Fassara, gwagwarmaya, ɗan jarida da Mai kare hakkin mata

Mamia Chentouf ( Larabci: ماميا شنتوف‎ (1922-2012) ungozoma ce 'yar Aljeriya, mai fafutukar 'yancin kai kuma ta kafa kungiyar 'yancin mata ta farko a Aljeriya. Iyalinta sun kwadaitar da ita ta samu ilimi, ta halarci Jami'ar Algiers kuma ta kammala horon aikin ungozoma. A lokacin da take karatunta, ta shiga kungiyar ‘yantacciyar kasar Aljeriya, wadda ta nemi ‘yantar da kasar daga hannun turawan Faransa yan mulkin mallaka. Ta yi amfani da aikinta na ungozoma wajen yin cudanya da wasu mata, ta hada su da manufar kishin kasa tare da kafa kungiyar kare hakkin mata ta farko a kasar. A matsayinta na 'yar kungiyar masu fafutuka, ta yi gudun hijira, aka kama ta, sannan ta gudu zuwa Tunis, Tunisia a shekara ta 1955. Yayin da take zaune a can, ta kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar agaji ta Red Crescent ta Aljeriya. A karshen yakin Independence ta zama 'yar jarida, ta koma Algiers kuma ta yi karatun kimiyyar siyasa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai shirya Ƙungiyar Mata ta Aljeriya kuma ta yi nasara wajen ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kayyade iyali. Cikin takaicin rashin iya canza tsarin iyali don hana auren mata fiye da daya, ta yi ritaya daga siyasa a shekarar 1969.

Ƙuruciya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An haifi Mamia Aïssa a shekarar 1922 a ƙauyen Haouz, kusa da Bensekrane a lardin Tlemcen na Aljeriya [1] ga Elabdli Aïssa. Lokacin da take da shekara hudu danginta sun gudu saboda ‘yan sanda na neman mahaifinta. Sun ƙaura zuwa Oujda, Maroko, amma da yake mahaifinta mai goyon bayan Ben Badis ne suka sake ƙaura zuwa Ghazaouet. Duk iyayen ta biyu sun kasance masu goyon bayan ilimin mata da Aïssa, bayan ta kammala karatun firamare an tura ta a matsayin mai kula da makarantar sakandare a Mascara a shekara ta 1935. A lokacin ta fara sha’awar ‘yancin mata, ta kuma rubuta takarda kan ‘yantar da mata musulmi. Lokacin da ta kammala karatu a shekarar 1942, mahaifinta ya kai ta jami'a daya tilo a Aljeriya don shiga azuzuwan ungozoma. Sun isa kusan lokaci guda tare da mamayewar Algiers a lokacin yakin Arewacin Afirka na yakin duniya na biyu. Dage karatun ta suka bar babban birnin kasar sannan ta yi koyarwa na tsawon shekara guda kafin ta dawo makaranta an kammala horar da ita a matsayin ungozoma. [2]

Aiki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Lokacin da ta gama horo, Aïssa ta buɗe asibitin mata na farko a Casbah na Algiers. [3] A lokacin karatunta, ta shiga kungiyar dalibai musulmi ta Arewacin Afirka (French: l’Association des étudiants musulmans d’Afrique du Nord (AEMAN) ) kuma ta shiga cikin jam'iyyar Aljeriya (French: Parti du Peuple Algerien (PPA)). Da take halartar zanga-zangar lumana don nuna adawa da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka na Faransa a shekara ta 1945, ta yi aiki tare da Mimi Belahouel da Kheira Bouayed wajen kwashe masu zanga-zangar da suka jikkata zuwa mafaka bayan ramuwar gayya ta Faransa. A shekarar 1947, Aïssa ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar AEMAN kuma ita ce ke da alhakin ɗaukar mata don shiga PPA da yaƙi da 'yancin kai na ƙasa. Mijinta na gaba, Abderezak Chentouf shi ne shugaban kungiyar dalibai. Ta yi aiki tare da Salima Belhaffaf, Nassima Hablal, Nefissa Hafiz, Nefissa Hamoud [fr], Malika Mefti, Z'hor Reguimi, da Fatima Zekal, suna tsara sel mata zuwa ga dalilin. [2] Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, PPA ta narke kuma Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun 'Yanci (MTDL) ta maye gurbinta. [4]

A shekarar 1947, Aïssa da Chentouf sun yi aure. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, [5] ita da Hamoud sun kafa Ƙungiyar Mata Musulmi ta Aljeriya, [2] ƙungiya ta farko ga matan Aljeriya. [6] [1] Tabbatar da al'adun Musulman Larabawa, sabanin al'adun Faransa, da kuma yarda da bambance-bambancen maza da mata dangane da bambance-bambancen halittu, kungiyar ta yi niyyar kara wayar da kan matan Aljeriya a fagen siyasa da bayar da taimako ga wadanda mazajensu suka kasance. gwamnatin Faransa ta kama ko kuma ta tsare shi. [5] [7] Chentouf ya zama shugaban kungiyar kuma Hamoud ya zama babban sakatare. [2] Baya ga taimaka wa ’yan adawa, kungiyar ta karfafa ilimi ga yara maza da mata, da rarraba abinci da kayayyaki ga talakawa, da bayar da agaji ga marasa lafiya. [8] Chentouf ta yi tuntuɓar juna da yawa game da lamarin ta hanyar ayyukan ungozoma. [3]

A shekarar 1954, Chentouf ta shiga jam'iyyar National Liberation Front (NLF), bayan da aka samu baraka a shugabancin MTDL. [2] [5] A shekara mai zuwa, ta yi mata gudun hijira kuma ta kasance a wajen ƙasar na tsawon watanni da yawa a lokacin ayyana dokar ta-baci. Bayan ta dawo Chentouf ta shiga hannun Baya Larab da Hamoud, inda suka sake tada hankalinsu, amma aka kama ta. Bayan an sake ta, saboda tsananin sa ido, Chentouf ta tafi Tunisiya, inda bayan watanni da yawa mijinta ya haɗu da ita ta. [2] Ta zama wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar da ke da alhakin ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Red Crescent ta Aljeriya a shekarar 1957. [2] [3] Saboda NLF ba ta amince da Red Cross ta Faransa ba kuma ba a gane sharuddan Yarjejeniyar Geneva ba saboda yanayin ciki na rikice-rikice, [9] [10] masu fafutuka sun yi fatan samun taimakon agajin jin kai da samun karbuwa ta duniya ta zama membobin kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent. [9] An kafa ofisoshin farko na kungiyar a Tangier, Morocco da Tunis, [9] inda Chentouf da mijinta suka zauna har zuwa shekara ta 1962. [5]

A shekarar 1961, Chentouf ta fara aikin jarida [11] kuma an tura ta a matsayin wakiliya zuwa taron matan Afro-Asiya ta FLN, wanda aka gudanar a Alkahira. [12] Bayan kammala yakin, ma'auratan sun koma Algiers kuma Chentouf ta shiga Jami'ar Algiers don nazarin kimiyyar siyasa. Lokacin da ta kammala karatu a shekarar 1965, tana cikin aji na farko da aka inganta bayan samun 'yancin kai. [2] [3] A shekara mai zuwa, Houari Boumediene, shugaban Majalisar Juyin Juyi, ya tambayi Chentouf don tsara Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Mata ta Aljeriya French: Union Nationale des Femmes Algériennes (UNFA) ). Manufar kungiyar ita ce ta gudanar da taro don magance tsarin iyali da kuma canza kundin tsarin mulki. A shekarar 1967, UNFA ta bude cibiyar kayyade iyali ta farko a dakin haihuwa a asibitin Mustapha. Suna da ƙarancin nasara wajen gyara tsarin iyali saboda akwai matsananciyar adawa da soke auren mata fiye da ɗaya, kuma a shekarar 1969, Chentouf ta yi murabus daga UNFA da siyasa. [2]

Mutuwa da gado

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A shekarar 2007, Baya El Hachemi ne ya samar da wani shirin gaskiya Mamya Chentouf, militant de la première heure (Mamya Chentouf, mai fafutukar sa'a ta farko) don sake ba da labarin rayuwar Chentouf. A shekarar 2010, an nuna shi a Cibiyar Al'adun Aljeriya da ke Paris. [11] Chentouf ta mutu a ranar 10 ga watan Oktoba 2012, a Algiers. [3] [6] Watanni biyu bayan mutuwarta an ba da lambar yabo ga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarta ta hanyar Wassila-Avife Network a Palais de la Culture d'Algiers don gane gudunmawarta ga 'yancin kai da 'yancin mata. [6]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Benhamed 2012.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Tahri 2008.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Mansar 2012.
  4. ↑ Barakat 2015.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Mebroukine 2011.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Liberté 2012.
  7. ↑ Bensemra 2016.
  8. ↑ Sadiqi & Ennaji 2011.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Johnson 2015.
  10. ↑ Gaillard 2011.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Hammoudi 2010.
  12. ↑ Vince 2016.