Sheikh Abdullah

Sheikh Abdullah
Member of the Constituent Assembly of India (en) Fassara

6 ga Yuli, 1946 - 24 ga Janairu, 1950
member of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly (en) Fassara

Rayuwa
Haihuwa Soura (en) Fassara, 5 Disamba 1905
ƙasa Indiya
British Raj (en) Fassara
Dominion of India (en) Fassara
Mutuwa Srinagar (en) Fassara, 8 Satumba 1982
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama Begum Akbar Jahan Abdullah (en) Fassara
Yara
Karatu
Makaranta Islamia College (en) Fassara
Aligarh Muslim University (en) Fassara
Sri Pratap College (en) Fassara
Harsuna Urdu
Sana'a
Sana'a ɗan siyasa, chemist (en) Fassara da marubuci
Kyaututtuka
Imani
Addini Musulunci
Jam'iyar siyasa Jammu & Kashmir National Conference (en) Fassara

Rubutun tsutsa 


Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah (An haife shi 5 Disamba 1905 - Ya mutu 8 Satumba 1982) ɗan siyasan Indiya ne wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a siyasar Jammu da Kashmir . [1] Abdullah shine shugaban kafa All Jammu da Kashmir Muslim Conference (daga baya aka sake masa suna Jammu da Cashmir National Conference) kuma Firayim Minista na farko da aka zaba na Jammu da Kashemir bayan ya shiga Indiya. Ya yi zanga-zanga game da mulkin Maharaja Hari Singh kuma ya bukaci mulkin kai na Kashmir.[2]An kuma san shi da suna Sher-e-Kashmir


Ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na farko da aka zaba na Jihar Jammu da Kashmir da Jammu & Kashmir a matsayin Jiha kuma daga baya gwamnatin Indiya ta daure shi saboda goyon bayansa ga masu tayar da kayar baya. [3][4]   An sallame shi daga mukamin Firayim Minista a ranar 8 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1953 kuma an nada Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad a matsayin sabon Firayim Ministan. An maye gurbin kalmomin 'Sadr-i-Riyasat' da 'Firai Minista' da kalmomin 'Gwamna' da 'Babban Minista' a shekarar 1965. [5] Sheikh Abdullah ya sake zama Babban Ministan jihar bayan yarjejeniyar da Indira a 1974 kuma ya kasance a saman matsayi har zuwa mutuwarsa a ranar 8 ga Satumba 1982.[6]

Rayuwa ta farko

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An haifi Sheikh Abdullah a ranar 5 ga Disamba 1905 a Soura, wani yanki a wajen Srinagar, makonni biyu bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa Sheikh Mohammed Ibrahim. [10][7]Kamar yadda ya yi iƙirarinsa a cikin tarihin kansa Aatish-e-Chinar, kakansa Hindu ne Brahmin na dangin Sapru, wanda ya tuba zuwa Islama bayan mai wa'azin Sufi ya rinjaye shi. Mahaifinsa ya kasance mai sana'a da kuma dan kasuwa na tufafin Kashmiri.[8] Abdullah ita ce ƙarama a cikin 'yan uwa shida.[10]

An fara shigar da shi a makarantar gargajiya ko maktab a cikin 1909, lokacin da yake da shekaru hudu, inda ya koyi karatun Alkur'ani da wasu matani na Farisa kamar Gulistan na Sa'di, Bustan da Padshanama.[7] Wannan ya biyo bayan makarantar firamare da Anjuman Nusrat-ul-Islam ke gudanarwa, duk da haka ƙananan ka'idojin ilimi sun haifar da Abdullah ya koma makarantar gundumar a Visrarnaag. Bayan maki biyar a nan ya koma makarantar sakandare ta gwamnati, Dilawar Bagh . Dole ne ya yi tafiya na kilomita goma zuwa makaranta da dawowa da ƙafa, amma a cikin nasa kalmomi, farin ciki na samun damar samun ilimin makaranta ya sa ya zama kamar aiki ne mai sauƙi. Ya wuce jarrabawar karatun sa (ma'auni 12) daga Jami'ar Punjab a shekarar 1922.[7]

Nazarin da ya fi girma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Bayan karatun ya sami shiga a Kwalejin Shri Pratap (S. P.) , babbar kwalejin Kashmir.[10] Manufarsa ita ce ta shiga aikin likita a lokacin. Koyaya, yanayin da ba ya ba da izini, ya yanke shawarar ƙoƙarin nazarin kimiyya gaba ɗaya a Kwalejin Yarima na Wales a Jammu. An hana shi shiga.[7] Daga nan sai ya shiga Kwalejin Islamia, Lahore kuma ya kammala karatu daga can. A shekara ta 1930, ya sami digiri na biyu. a cikin Chemistry daga Jami'ar Musulmi ta Aligarh . [10] Bayyanawar siyasa a Lahore da Aligarh zai karfafa rayuwarsa ta baya.[10]

Yunkurin siyasa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Masanin ilimin Kashmiri kuma lauya Molvi Abdullah . Jawabinsa ya motsa Abdullah Sheikh da sauran matasa Musulmai masu ilimi don gwagwarmaya don adalci da haƙƙin asali

A matsayinsa na dalibi a Jami'ar Musulmi ta Aligarh, ya haɗu da mutane masu sassaucin ra'ayi da ci gaba sun rinjaye shi. Ya gamsu cewa Tsarin mulkin mallaka ne ke da alhakin masifar Kashmiris kuma kamar dukkan kasashe masu ci gaba a duniya Kashmir ma ya kamata ya sami gwamnatin da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokuradiyya.

Gidan Karatu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin shekarun 1920 akwai wasu 'gidan karatu' a Srinagar wanda ya kunshi matasa masu ilimi na yankin kuma ana iya kafa shi ne kawai bayan samun izinin gwamnati. An dakatar da kafa ƙungiyoyin siyasa a lokacin. A cikin 1922, G. A. Ashai ya kafa kungiyar Islamia School Old Boys Association (gidan karatu) tare da mambobi 20 a matsayin wani ɓangare na jagoranci, gami da Sheikh Abdullah . A wannan lokacin Abdullah har yanzu yana kwaleji.

An ba da izinin buɗe Fateh Kadal Reading Room Party a cikin 1930 kuma Sheikh Abdullah ya zama Sakataren jam'iyyar. A lokacin Abdullah jam'iyyar ɗakin karatu ta kasance a gidan Mufti Ziauddin. Ga Abdullah, "kafa ɗakin karatu (s) uzuri ne"; maimakon haka dama ce ta taru don tattauna batutuwa daban-daban.

Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru na farko da suka haifar da Jam'iyyar Abdullah's Reading Room Party don samun karbuwa mai yawa shine bayan rubuta wasika ga gwamnati da ke da alaƙa da manufofin daukar ma'aikata na gwamnati. Daga baya an kira su don gabatar da ra'ayoyinsu a gaban Majalisar Regency [lower-alpha 1] karkashin jagorancin G. E. C. Wakefield a watan Oktoba 1930. Wannan yana daya daga cikin hulɗar farko ta Sheikh Abdullah tare da gwamnati da kuma ra'ayi mai kyau da Abdullah ya bar a Wakefield ya taimaka wajen tura sunansa cikin hasken

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah" (PDF). eparlib.nic.in. Eminent Parliamentarians Monograph Series. Lok Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi. 1990. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 January 2021.CS1 maint: others (link)
  2. ↑ Guha, Ramachandra.
  3. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  4. ↑ Ganguly, Šumit (1996). "Explaining the Kashmir Insurgency: Political Mobilization and Institutional Decay". International Security. 21 (2): 76–107. doi:10.2307/2539071. ISSN 0162-2889. JSTOR 2539071.
  5. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  6. ↑ Rakesh Ankit, "Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah of Kashmir, 1965–1975: From Externment to Enthronement." Studies in Indian Politics 6.1 (2018): 88-102 online.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Abdullah & Taing 1985.
  8. ↑ Empty citation (help)


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