Tsarin mulkin Ghana
 Tsarin mulkin Ghana | |
|---|---|
| kundin tsarin mulki | |
| Bayanai | |
| Farawa | 28 ga Afirilu, 1992 |
| Ƙasa | Ghana |
Approved by (en)  |
referendum (en) |
Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Ghana ita ce babbar doka ta Jamhuriyar Ghana. An amince da shi a ranar 28 ga Afrilu 1992 ta hanyar raba gardama ta ƙasa bayan goyon bayan 92%. Yana bayyana mahimman ƙa'idodin siyasa, kafa tsari, hanyoyin, iko da aikin gwamnati, tsarin ɓangarorin shari'a da na dokoki, da kuma bayyana ainihin haƙƙoƙi da aikin ɗan ƙasa. Ya ƙunshi surori 26, ba tare da gabatarwar ba.
A wani bangare, an tsara kundin tsarin mulki ne domin rarraba kawunan gwamnati a kasar ta Ghana.
Rabe-raben iko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsarin mulki na 1992, a matsayin babbar dokar kasa, ya bayar da damar raba karfi tsakanin shugaban kasa, majalisar dokoki, majalisar zartarwa, Majalisar Jiha, da kuma bangaren shari'a mai zaman kansa. Ta hanyar tsarinta na daidaitawa da daidaito, tana kaucewa bayarda iko mai karfi akan kowane takamaiman reshe na gwamnati. Shugaban kasa, mambobin majalisar jiha ashirin da biyar, da kungiyoyin bada shawara da yawa, gami da Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa suna raba ikon zartarwa. Shugaban kasar shi ne shugaban kasa, shugaban gwamnati, kuma kwamanda a babban hafsan sojojin Ghana. Ya kuma nada mataimakin shugaban kasa.
Ayyukan majalisa suna hannun Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa, wacce ta kunshi mambobi 200 mambobi tare da shugaban kasa. Don zama doka, doka dole ne ta sami amincewar shugaban ƙasa, wanda ke da ƙimar veto a kan duk ƙididdigar ban da waɗanda aka jefa ƙuri'ar gaggawa. Ana zaɓar membobin majalisar ta hanyar zaɓen manya na shekaru huɗu, banda lokacin yaƙi, lokacin da za a iya tsawaita wa'adin da bai wuce watanni goma sha biyu ba a wani lokaci sama da shekaru huɗun.
Tsarin da ikon bangaren shari'a suna cin gashin kansu ne ga dukkan sauran bangarorin gwamnati. Kotun Koli tana da cikakken ikon sake duba shari’a; tana yin hukunci ne a kan tsarin mulki na kowane doka ko zartarwa a bisa bukatar duk wani dan kasa da ya fusata. Matsayin kotuna ya sami galibi daga siffofin shari'a na Burtaniya. Matsayi, wanda ake kira Superior Court of Judicature, ya ƙunshi Kotun Koli na Ghana, Kotun ofaukaka (ara (Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara), Babbar Kotun Shari'a, kotunan yanki, da irin waɗannan ƙananan kotuna ko kotuna kamar yadda majalisa ke iya kafawa. Kotuna suna da iko a kan duk batutuwan da suka shafi jama'a da na laifi.
Tsarin mulki na 1992, kamar kundin tsarin mulkin da ya gabata, ya ba da tabbacin kafa tsarin sarauta tare da majalisun gargajiyar ta kamar yadda dokar gargajiya da amfani ta kafu. Majalisar Sarakuna ta Kasa, ba tare da ikon zartarwa ko ikon zartarwa ba, tana ba da shawara kan duk al'amuran da suka shafi masarautar kasar da dokar gargajiya.