Tunanin kamar dutse

Tunanin kamar dutse

Tunanin kamar dutse, kalma ce da Aldo Leopold ya kirkira a cikin littafinsa na A Sand County Almanac . A cikin sashin da ake kira "Sketches Here and There" Leopold ya tattauna tsarin tunani a matsayin cikakken ra'ayi game da inda mutum yake tsaye a cikin dukan yanayin halittu.^[1] Yin tunani kamar dutse yana nufin samun cikakken godiya ga zurfin haɗin kai na abubuwa a cikin yanayin halittu. Ayyuka ne na muhalli ta amfani da yanar gizo mai rikitarwa na yanayin halitta maimakon tunani a matsayin mutum mai zaman kansa.

Asalin kalmar

Aldo Leopold ya fara fitowa da wannan kalmar ne sakamakon kallon mutuwar kyarkeci wanda aka harbe shi kuma yana mutuwa a hankali. A cikin waɗannan kwanakin abubuwan da suka faru na Leopold, babu wanda zai taɓa wucewa ya kashe kyarkeci saboda ƙananan kyarkewa suna nufin karin dabbobi, wanda ke nufin babban gogewar farauta. Koyaya, lokacin da Leopold ya ga "ƙaramin wuta mai zafi yana mutuwa a idanunta" ya san cewa dutsen ko kyarkeci ba su cancanci wannan ba. Leopold ya bayyana a cikin littafinsa, A Sand County Almanac:

Since then I have lived to see state after state extirpate its wolves. I have watched the face of many a newly wolfless mountain, and seen the south-facing slopes wrinkle with a maze of new deer trails. I have seen every edible bush and seedling browsed, first to anaemic desuetude, and then to death. I have seen every edible tree defoliated to the height of a saddlehorn … In the end the starved bones of the hoped-for deer herd, dead of its own too-much, bleach with the bones of the dead sage, or molder under the high-lined junipers … So also with cows. The cowman who cleans his range of wolves does not realize that he is taking over the wolf’s job of trimming the herd to fit the change. He has not learned to think like a mountain. Hence we have dustbowls, and rivers washing the future into the sea.^[2]

A cikin wannan misali Leopold ya nuna cewa cire nau'in jinsin guda ɗaya na iya haifar da mummunar sakamako a cikin yanayin halittu. Duk da yake guje wa cascades na trophic hanya ce ta yin tunani kamar dutse, akwai wasu ayyukan muhalli da yawa waɗanda za a iya rarraba su a ƙarƙashin wannan ra'ayi mai zurfi da haɗin kai.

Misalan zamanin d ̄ a

Kodayake ba a kirkiro kalmar ba har zuwa 1949, masana falsafa da yawa na zamanin d ̄ a suna da ra'ayoyi masu kama da waɗanda "tunanin kamar dutse". Epicurus na ɗaya daga cikin masana falsafa na farko da suka kalli rawar da mutum ke takawa a yanayi. Falsafarsa, Epicureanism, ra'ayi ne na jari-hujja wanda ke neman bayyana sararin samaniya kawai ta hanyar dalilai na halitta.

Lucretius masanin falsafa ne daga baya wanda ke da manufofin Epicurean. Ya rubuta tarin littattafai shida, De Rerum Natura, yana rarraba kalmar halitta. A cikin Littafin 5 na De Rerum Natura ya rubuta:

They [Roman gods] did not create the world for us [man], why should they? They did not create man, how could they? They had no conception of man until nature and natural causes (the union of atoms) showed them the way. Besides the gods were absolutely happy as they were, and the creating of man could not increase their happiness. After numberless attempts and numberless failures the concourse of atoms gradually formed the world.^[3]

A cikin wannan nassi, Lucretius yana bayyana matsayin mutum a cikin halittar duniya. Lucretius mai goyon bayan Epicurean ne, ya yi imanin cewa rayuwa cikin ladabi da samun ilimi game da duniyar aiki sune mabuɗin rayuwa mai daɗi.

Aristotle ya kuma yi falsafa game da matsayin mutum a cikin yanayin halittu. A cikin Siyasa, ya tattauna rawar da al'umma ke takawa yayin da yake magana game da birane, unguwa, da gidaje. Tunanin tunani kamar dutse shine ainihin muhalli, amma ana iya amfani dashi ga siyasa. Aristotle yana ba da albarkatu ga 'yan ƙasa kan yadda su a matsayin mutane suka dace da al'ummarsu.

Sauran masana falsafa na dā suna kusantar ra'ayin kallon matsayin mutum a cikin yanayin halittu. Sun hada da Sophocles, masanin falsafar Girka, da Columella, masanin ilimin falsafar Romawa. Sophocles ya rubuta a cikin Antigone game da dokar halitta da cibiyoyin shari'a. A idanunsa, dokokin alloli sun fi na mutum nauyi kuma dole ne mutum ya fahimci matsayinsa a cikin tsari na dokar halitta. Columella, mai kama da Epicureans, ya yi imanin cewa don yin amfani da ƙasa mafi kyau, mutane bai kamata su dogara da alloli ba, amma ya kamata su zama masu ilimi kuma su koyi amfani da albarkatu yadda ya kamata.

Misalan zamani

Kamar yadda rubutun Rachel Carson na Silent Spring ya canza yankin yadda ake amfani da sinadarai a cikin yanayi, Aldo Leopold har abada ya canza yadda muke kallon tasirin muhalli a kan muhalli da ke kewaye da mu tare da gabatar da kalmar "Thinking Like a Mountain" a cikin littafinsa A Sand County Almanac a cikin 1949. Tun daga wannan lokacin, wannan magana da kuma ainihin tunanin da ta haifar ya rinjayi mutane a kowane bangare na rayuwa.

Littattafai

Philip Connors ya yi ƙoƙari ya ci gaba da bayanin Leopold game da al'amuran muhalli ta hanyar wallafe-wallafen. A cikin yawancin littattafansa, musamman Fire Season, Connors yana nuni da tunani kamar dutse lokacin da yake roƙon mai karatu ya yi tunani game da fiye da kawai farashin da fa'idodin da aikin yake da su. Ya yi imanin cewa duk wanda ya shaida mahalli ya kamata ya sami burin cimma abin da Leopold ya yi magana game da shi lokacin da ya bayyana rayuwa cikin jituwa da yanayi. Connors ya ce,

We touch the ancient mysteries of life in the wild. We may even learn to see in new ways — more closely, perhaps, and deeper into geologic time. If we’re lucky we get close to learning how to ‘think like a mountain,’ in Aldo Leopold’s great phrase.

Wani marubuci, Leslie Thiele yana nufin tunani kamar dutse a cikin surori da yawa a cikin littafinsa Indra's Net and the Midas Touch . A cikin babi ɗaya, Thiele ya bayyana yadda tunani kamar dutse shine, na farko da mahimmanci, ka'idar muhalli don rayuwa mai ɗorewa. Daga baya, ya kuma ambaci irin wannan rayuwa a matsayin tushen Ka'idojin muhalli. Thiele ya taƙaita ra'ayinsa game da tunani kamar dutse kamar yadda

a full appreciation of the vast and intricate web of interdependent relationships that constitute a mountain oikos.^[4]

Fim din

Tunanin tunani kamar dutse ya kuma shiga cikin duniyar fina-finai da shirye-shirye masu tsawo. Green Fire, wanda aka saki a shekara ta 2011, fim ne game da tasirin Aldo Leopold a kan muhalli na zamani kuma yana kewaye da manufar tunani kamar dutse. Sunan Green Fire an yi shi ne don kama hoton mutuwar Leopold da kuma sha'awar da ya bi Adalci na muhalli da daidaitattun muhalli a duk rayuwarsa.

.Mai shirya fina-finai Alexander Hick ya shafe watanni da yawa a cikin 2017 tsakanin al'ummar Arhuaco a cikin Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, yana yin fim mai taken "Thinking Like A Mountain" tare da ɗan'uwansa Immanuel Hick a matsayin Darakta na Hoto. An fitar da fim din a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Nyon "visions du reel" a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 2018, kuma an nuna shi a wasu bukukuwa a duniya. Fim din ya lashe kyautar fim din 'yancin dan adam Deutscher Menschenrechts Filmpreis' a daya daga cikin rukunoni.^[5][6]

Ofishin Jakadancin Wolf: Gwaje-gwaje a Rayuwa (2018) ya rubuta wani rukuni na masu sa kai kusa da gefen kudancin Dutsen Rocky waɗanda ke neman kula da kansu kamar yadda suke kula da kyarketai da suke kula da su sosai. Tunanin Leopold game da kyarketai da yanayi ana nuna su kuma ana ambaton su a cikin fim din.

Waƙoƙi

Tunanin tunani kamar dutse an saka shi cikin kiɗa. Mai zane-zane Libby Roderick ta yi amfani da ra'ayin Tunanin Kamar Dutsen a matsayin tushe ga kundin ta Thinking Like a Mountain . A cikin wata waƙa musamman, Roderick ya daidaita tunani kamar dutse don kasancewa lafiya, gida, ko cikakke. Har ila yau, ta ƙare kowane sashi tare da "Tunanin kamar dutse, zuma, za mu yi gida" kamar dai za mu ce a ƙarshe za mu yi tunani tare da hangen nesa na dogon lokaci kuma mu dawo da rayukanmu a kan hanya mai aminci da mai ɗorewa. Bugu da ƙari, Roderick ya ƙare waƙar tare da ƙaddamarwa ga kowane rayuwarmu.

Find the mountain deep within your heart, it's calling you back home!

Dubi kuma

• Ra'ayoyi masu kyau

manazarta

1. Leopold, Aldo Thinking Like a Mountain Archived 2009-01-04 at the Wayback Machine
2. Leopold, Aldo (12 August 2020). A Sand County Almanac: And Sketches Here and There (in Turanci). Oxford University Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-19-750026-2. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
3. Lucretius Carus, Titus; Lowe, William Douglas (1907). De Rerum Natura, a Selection from the Fifth Book. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
4. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named profthiele1114
5. "Thinking like a Mountain | documentary Thinking like a Mountain".
6. "Deutscher Menschenrechts Filmpreis". www.menschenrechts-filmpreis.de.