Yaren Kadazan na bakin teku

Yaren Kadazan na bakin teku
'Yan asalin magana	200,000
Dangin harshen	Austronesian (en) ; Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Greater North Borneo (en) ; Sabahan (en) ; Dusunic (en) ; Kadazandusun (en) ; Coastal Kadazan; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	kzj
Glottolog	coas1294

Coastal Kadazan, wanda aka fi sani da Dusun Tangara, yare ne na Tsakiyar Dusun da kuma yaren 'yan tsiraru da aka fi magana a Sabah, Malaysia. Ita ce yaren farko da mutanen Kadazan ke magana a yammacin gabar Sabah musamman a gundumomin Penampang, Papar da Membakut (gundumar Beaufort).

Halaye

Amfani da Coastal Kadazan yana raguwa saboda amfani da Malay da Gwamnatin tarayya ta Malaysia da kuma amfani da Turanci ta mishaneri, wanda aka yi ta hanyar hanyar hanyar sauya harshe da aka tilasta ta hanyar aikin gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka da tarayya. Jihar Sabah ta gabatar da manufofi don hana wannan raguwa, wanda kuma ke faruwa ga wasu yarukan Sabahan. Wannan ya haɗa da manufofin amfani da Kadazan da sauran harsunan asali a makarantun jama'a. An kuma yi ƙoƙari don ba da damar yaren ya zama hukuma a jihar.

Coastal Kadazan ya karɓi kalmomin aro da yawa, musamman daga wasu yarukan asalin arewacin Borneo da kuma Malay. Kadazan yana amfani da muryar alveolar sibilant fricative /z/ a cikin ƙamus na asali, fasalin da aka samo a cikin 'yan harsunan Austronesian kawai. Harshen Tsou da Paiwan suma suna da waɗannan abubuwa na musamman, waɗanda 'Yan asalin Taiwan ke magana. Wani harshe shine Malagasy da ake magana a tsibirin Madagascar dubban mil daga bakin tekun Afirka.

Kadazan na bakin teku yana da fahimtar juna sosai tare da Tsakiyar Dusun kuma mutane da yawa suna ɗaukarsa yare ɗaya.

Tarihi

An dakatar da yaren tare da wasu harsunan Sabahan da yawa a karkashin ministan Mustapha Harun don tallafawa manufofin daidaitawa da ke tilasta Bahasa Malaysia a fadin jihar.^[2]

A karkashin kokarin Kungiyar Al'adu ta Kadazandusun Sabah, a cikin 1995, an zaɓi yaren Bundu-Liwan na tsakiya (Central Dusun) don zama tushen harshen "Kadazandusun".^[3]^[4] An zaɓi wannan yaren saboda an dauke shi mafi fahimta yayin tattaunawa da wasu yarukan "Dusun" ko "Kadazan".

Fasahar sauti

Miller (1993) ya lissafa alamomi masu zuwa:

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
		Labari	Alveolar	Velar	Gishiri
Hanci		m	n	ŋ
Plosive	ba tare da murya ba	p	t	k	ʔ
	murya	b	d	ɡ
	fashewa	ɓ	ɗ
Fricative	ba tare da murya ba		s		h
Fricative	murya	v	z
Hanyar gefen			l

Sautin sautin
	A gaba	Tsakiya	Komawa
Kusa	i		u
Tsakanin			Bayani ~o
Bude		a

/o/ ya kasance daga rauni zuwa wanda ba a zagaye ba. Hudu da aka aro daga Malay da Ingilishi sun hada da /dʒ r w j/ .

Addu'o'in samfurori

Uwarmu

Tama za doid surga, apantang daa o ngaan nu, koikot no daa kopomolintaan nu, kaandak nu, adadi doiti id tana miaga doid Surga. Pataako dagai do tadau diti, oh takanon za do tikid tadau, om pohiongo zikoi do douso za, miaga dagai do popohiong di pinapakaus doid dagai. Kada zikoi pohogoso doid koimbazatan, katapi pahapaso zikoi mantad kalaatan. Amen.

Fassara:

Mahaifinmu, wanda yake a sama, ya tsarkake sunanka. Ya zo mulkinka, za a yi naka a duniya kamar yadda yake a sama. Ka ba mu gurasarmu ta yau da kullun a yau, kuma ka gafarta mana zunubanmu, yayin da muke gafarta wa waɗanda suka yi mana zunubi. Kada ku kai mu cikin jaraba, amma ku cece mu daga mugunta. Amin.

Ka gaishe Maryamu

Ave Maria, noponu do graasia, miampai diau o Kinoingan, obitua ko do id saviavi tondu, om obitua o tuva' tinan nu Jesus. Sangti Maria, tina' do Kinoingan, pokiinsianai zikoi tu' tuhun do momimidouso, baino om ontok jaam do kapatazon za. Amen.

Fassara:

Ka gaishe Maryamu, cike da alheri, Ubangiji yana tare da ku. Ku yi albarka a cikin mata, kuma ku yi albarka a matsayin 'ya'yan uwarka, Yesu. Maryamu Mai Tsarki, Uwar Allah, ka yi mana addu'a, masu zunubi, yanzu da kuma lokacin mutuwarmu. Amin.

Tebur na kwatanta harsunan Austronesian

Da ke ƙasa akwai tebur na Kadazan da sauran harsunan Austronesian da ke kwatanta kalmomi goma sha uku.

English	one	two	three	four	person	house	dog	coconut	day	new	we (inclusive)	what	fire
Kadazan	iso	duvo	tohu	apat	tuhun	hamin	tasu	piasau	tadau	vagu	tokou	onu	tapui
Dusun	iso	duo	tolu	apat	tulun	walai	tasu	piasau	tadau	wagu	tokou	onu/nu	tapui
Tombulu (Minahasa)	esa	zua (rua)	telu	epat	tou	walé	asu	po'po'	endo	weru	kai, kita	apa	api
Tagalog	isa	dalawa	tatlo	apat	tao	bahay	aso	niyog	araw	bago	tayo	ano	apoy
Central Bikol	saro	duwa	tulo	apat	tawo	harong	ayam	niyog	aldaw	ba-go	kita	ano	kalayo
Rinconada Bikol	əsad	darwā	tolō	əpat	tawō	baləy	ayam	noyog	aldəw	bāgo	kitā	onō	kalayō
Waray	usa	duha	tulo	upat	tawo	balay	ayam/ido	lubi	adlaw	bag-o	kita	anu	kalayo
Cebuano	usa/isa	duha	tulo	upat	tawo	balay	iro	lubi	adlaw	bag-o	kita	unsa	kalayo
Hiligaynon	isa	duha	tatlo	apat	tawo	balay	ido	lubi	adlaw	bag-o	kita	ano	kalayo
Aklanon	isaea, sambilog, uno	daywa, dos	tatlo, tres	ap-at, kwatro	tawo	baeay	ayam	niyog	adlaw	bag-o	kita	ano	kaeayo
Kinaray-a	sara	darwa	tatlo	apat	tawo	balay	ayam	niyog	adlaw	bag-o	kita	ano	kalayo
Tausug	hambuuk	duwa	tu	upat	tau	bay	iru'	niyug	adlaw	ba-gu	kitaniyu	unu	kayu
Maranao	isa	dowa	t'lo	phat	taw	walay	aso	neyog	gawi'e	bago	tano	tonaa	apoy
Kapampangan	metung	adwa	atlu	apat	tau	bale	asu	ngungut	aldo	bayu	ikatamu	nanu	api
Pangasinan	sakey	dua	duara	talo	talora	apat	apatira	too	abong	aso	niyog	ageo	balo
Ilocano	maysa	dua	tallo	uppat	tao	balay	aso	niog	aldaw	baro	datayo	ania	apoy
Ivatan	asa	dadowa	tatdo	apat	tao	vahay	chito	niyoy	araw	va-yo	yaten	ango	apoy
Ibanag	tadday	dua	tallu	appa'	tolay	balay	kitu	niuk	aggaw	bagu	sittam	anni	afi
Yogad	tata	addu	tallu	appat	tolay	binalay	atu	iyyog	agaw	bagu	sikitam	gani	afuy
Gaddang	antet	addwa	tallo	appat	tolay	balay	atu	ayog	aw	bawu	ikkanetam	sanenay	afuy
Tboli	sotu	lewu	tlu	fat	tau	gunu	ohu	lefo	kdaw	lomi	tekuy	tedu	ofih
Malay (incl. Malaysian and Indonesian)	satu	dua	tiga	empat	orang	rumah	anjing	kelapa, nyiur	hari	baru, baharu	kita	apa	api
Javanese	siji	loro	telu	papat	uwong	omah	asu	klapa/kambil	hari	anyar/enggal	kita	apa/anu	geni
Acehnese	sa	duwa	lhèë	peuët	ureuëng	rumoh/balèë	asèë	u	uroë	barô	(geu)tanyoë	peuë	apuy
Lampung	sai	khua	telu	pak	jelema	lamban	asu	nyiwi	khani	baru	kham	api	apui
Buginese	sedi	dua	tellu	eppa	tau	bola	asu	kaluku	esso	baru	idi'	aga	api
Toba Batak	sada	dua	tolu	opat	halak	jabu	biang	harambiri	ari	baru	hita	aha	api
Tetum	ida	rua	tolu	haat	ema	uma	asu	nuu	loron	foun	ita	saida	ahi
Samoan	tasi	lua	tolu	fa	tagata	fale	taifau	niu	aso	fou	matou	ā	afi
Māori	tahi	rua	toru	wha	tangata	whare	kuri	kokonati	ra	hou	taua	aha	ahi
Tuvaluan	tasi	lua	tolu	fā	toko	fale	kuri	moku	aso	fou	tāua	ā	afi
Hawaiian	kahi	lua	kolu	hā	kanaka	hale	'īlio	niu	ao	hou	kākou	aha	ahi
Banjarese	asa	duwa	talu	ampat	urang	rūmah	hadupan	kalapa	hari	hanyar	kita	apa	api
Malagasy	isa	roa	telo	efatra	olona	trano	alika	voanio	andro	vaovao	isika	inona	afo
Iban	satu	dua	tiga	empat	orang	rumah	asu	nyur	ari	baru	kitai	nama	api
Melanau	satu	dua	telou	empat	apah	lebok	asou	nyior	lau	baew	teleu	nama	apui

manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Kadazan na bakin teku". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ Lent, John A. (1974). "Malaysia's guided media". Index on Censorship. 3 (4): 66. doi:10.1080/03064227408532375.
↑ "Official Language & Dialects". Kadazandusun Cultural Association Sabah (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-06-02.
↑ Lasimbang, Rita; Kinajil, Trixie (2004). "Building Terminology in the Kadazandusun Language". Current Issues in Language Planning (in Turanci). 5 (2): 131–141. doi:10.1080/13683500408668253.

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Kadazan na bakin teku". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[2] Lent, John A. (1974). "Malaysia's guided media". Index on Censorship. 3 (4): 66. doi:10.1080/03064227408532375.

[3] "Official Language & Dialects". Kadazandusun Cultural Association Sabah (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-06-02.

[4] Lasimbang, Rita; Kinajil, Trixie (2004). "Building Terminology in the Kadazandusun Language". Current Issues in Language Planning (in Turanci). 5 (2): 131–141. doi:10.1080/13683500408668253.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]