Yaren Kwaza

Yaren Kwaza
'Yan asalin magana
 54 (2004)
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 xwa
Glottolog kwaz1243[1]

Yaren Kwaza wanda ake rubuta kalmar a matsayin Kwazá ko Koaiá) yare ne na Amazonian da ke cikin haɗari wanda Mutanen Kwaza na Brazil ke magana. Kwaza yare ne da ba a rarraba shi ba. Yana [2] kamanceceniya da makwabta Aikanã da Kanoê, amma har yanzu ba a bayyana ba idan hakan ya faru ne saboda dangantakar asali ko don tuntuɓar.

[3] a san komai game da mutanen Kwaza da harshe ba saboda ƙananan tushen tarihi da ake da su; idan an ambaci su a cikin takardu masu aminci, yawanci ana magana ne game da maƙwabtansu. Abin [3] aka sani, shi ne cewa mutanen Kwaza a wani lokaci al'umma ce ta 'yan dubban mutane, wanda za'a iya raba shi zuwa kungiyoyi daban-daban.

Harshen Kwaza yana fuskantar barazanar halaka. shekara ta 2004, mutane 54 ne kawai da ke zaune a kudancin jihar Rondonia, Brazil ke magana da yaren yau da kullun. Daga cikin waɗannan [4], fiye da rabi yara ne, kuma rabin suna magana da Harsuna uku, suna magana da Kwaza, Aikanã, da Portuguese, kuma wasu suna magana da yare biyu, kuma suna magana da Portuguese. Sun[5] zaune a kudancin asalin gidan Kwaza, a kan ajiyar asalin Tuba Rao-Latundê.

Rarraba

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Van der Voort (2005) ya lura da kamanceceniya tsakanin Kwaza, Kanoê, da Aikanã, amma ya yi imanin cewa shaidar ba ta da ƙarfi don haɗa harsuna uku tare a matsayin wani ɓangare na dangin harshe ɗaya. [6] haka, Kwaza ya fi dacewa a matsayin yare mai zaman kansa.

Binciken lissafi na atomatik (ASJP 4) na Müller et al. (2013) [7] kuma ya sami kamanceceniya tsakanin Kwaza da Aikanã. Koyaya, tunda an samar da bincike ta atomatik, rukuni na iya zama ko dai saboda rance na juna ko gado na kwayar halitta.

Tattaunawar harshe

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

(2016) ya lura cewa akwai kamanceceniya da Taruma, Arawa_languages" id="mwOw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Arawak languages">Arawak, Jeoromitxi, Arawa, Jivaro, Mura-Matanawi, Nambikwara, Peba-Yagua, Aikanã, da iyalan yaren Kanoe saboda hulɗa.

Wurin da yake

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Rondônia tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan jihohin Brazil kuma tana da iyaka da gabashin Bolivia .

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tarihin mutanen Kwaza yana da alama da bala'i, wanda zai iya taimakawa ga dalilin da ya sa yarensu ke cikin haɗari. cikin shekarun 1960, mutanen Kwaza sun rasa yawancin mambobinsu saboda bude BR-364, babbar hanyar da ke tsakanin jihohi a Brazil da ke haɗa jihohin kudu maso gabas zuwa jihohin yamma. [4] yau akwai kimanin mutane 40 kawai, Kwaza, Aikanã da Latunde, waɗanda suka zauna tare shekaru da yawa a kudancin Rondônia. W[4] mutane sun zauna a jihar Rondônia kuma an kore su daga ƙasashe masu kyau da suka zauna a ciki, wanda watakila shine dalilin da ya sa suke zaune tare yanzu. Yawancin Kwaza ko dai an kashe su ko kuma an warwatsa su, kuma al'adunsu sun lalace ta hanyar al'ummar ƙasa waɗanda jihohin Yamma suka rinjayi su sosai. Wannan na iya zama babbar rikici da mutanen Kwaza suka fuskanta, don haka yana ba da gudummawa ga haɗari da yiwuwar halaka yarensu.

Gidan gargajiya Kwaza shine babban gandun daji a cikin Amazon, yana rayuwa da zama a kusa da koguna.

Saboda takardun da suka fi iyakance, haɗe da salon rayuwa na masu magana da Kwaza da rashin ƙauyuka na dindindin daga aikin gona da ƙonewa, ba a san tarihin mutanen ba. Bugu da kari, cutar da aka kawo ta hanyar hulɗa ta Yamma da al'adun da aka tilasta sun yi aiki sosai don lalata kayan gida da al'ummomi. [8], bisa ga al'adar baki da kuma lokuta masu yawa na takardu, Kwaza sun zauna a gefen kogin San Pedro da Taboca ban da tare da kogin Pimenta Bueno.

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Kwaza". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. ↑ [Voort, Hein van. A Grammar of Kwaza. Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2004. Print. 3.]
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 [Voort, Hein van. A Grammar of Kwaza. Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2004. Print. 3.]
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0
  5. ↑ [Voort, Hein van der. 2005. Kwaza in a comparative perspective. International Journal of American Linguistics 71. 368.]
  6. ↑ Van der Voort, Hein. 2005. Kwaza in a comparative perspective. International Journal of American Linguistics 71: 365–412.
  7. ↑ Müller, André, Viveka Velupillai, Søren Wichmann, Cecil H. Brown, Eric W. Holman, Sebastian Sauppe, Pamela Brown, Harald Hammarström, Oleg Belyaev, Johann-Mattis List, Dik Bakker, Dmitri Egorov, Matthias Urban, Robert Mailhammer, Matthew S. Dryer, Evgenia Korovina, David Beck, Helen Geyer, Pattie Epps, Anthony Grant, and Pilar Valenzuela. 2013. ASJP World Language Trees of Lexical Similarity: Version 4 (October 2013).
  8. ↑ [Voort, Hein van der. 2005. Kwaza in a comparative perspective. International Journal of American Linguistics 71. 366.]