Yaren Onondaga

Onondaga
Onǫdaʼgegáʼ / Onoñdaʼgegáʼ
Asali a Canada, United States
Yanki Six Nations Reserve, Ontario, and central New York state
Ƙabila 1,600 Onondaga people (2007)[1]
'Yan asalin magana
 40 (2007)e25
increasing numbers since 2010[2]
Iroquoian
  • Northern
    • Lake Iroquoian
      • Five Nations
        • Onondaga
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 ono
Glottolog onon1246[3]

Harshen Onondaga (Onoñdaʼgegáʼ nigaweñoʼdeñʼ,iro [onũdaʔɡeɡáʔ niɡawẽnoʔ wine], a zahiri "Onondaga shine yarenmu") shine harshen Onondaga First Nation, ɗaya daga cikin kabilun asali guda biyar na League of the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee).iro

Ana magana da wannan yaren a Amurka da Kanada, da farko a wurin ajiya a tsakiyar Jihar New York da kusa da Ontario" id="mwGQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Brantford, Ontario">Brantford, Ontario.

Amfani da sake farfadowa

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A cewar UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger, akwai kimanin masu magana da harshen Onondaga 10 a New York, da kuma masu magana da asali 40 a cikin Six Nations Reserve a Ontario, Kanada. Harshen ya zo cikin haɗari saboda matsin lamba don daidaitawa da Turanci a matsayin harshen iko. Har ila yau, daidaitawa ya faru a makarantun zama a duk faɗin Kanada a cikin 1800s zuwa 1900s. hukunta yara maza da mata a makarantar zama ta Indiya ta Cibiyar Mohawk a Brantford, Ontario saboda amfani da yaren al'adunsu.

Cibiyar Harshen Kasa ta Onondaga (wanda ake kira Ne' Jawhadweñnayeñde'nha', ko "za su san yaren") ta shiga cikin kokarin farfado da harshe tun 2010. Yara suna koyon yaren Onondaga a makarantar Onondaga Nation School, kuma ana samun azuzuwan ga manya. watan Satumbar 2015, an ba da sanarwar cewa manya goma sha biyar za su shiga cikin aji na cikakken lokaci a Onondaga, bayan haka za su zama malamai na harshe. A Kanada, Gawęnahwishe' Onzadega' wani aikin farfadowa ne wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2017 tare da sabbin masu koyon harshe guda shida. Shirin nutsewa na manya wanda ke aiwatar da tsarin Hukumar Harshe ta Kasashe Shida (SNLC). Suna [4] hannu tare da fassara gidan rediyo na gida, suna sanya shirye-shirye tare da makarantun firamare da sakandare na gida, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru ga al'umma.

Fasahar sauti

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Wannan teburin yana nuna alamun (consonant) waɗanda ake samu a Onondaga.

Sautin da ke tattare da shi
Alveolar Postalveolar / Palatal
 Velar Gishiri
Plosive t k ʔ
Rashin lafiya dʒ
Fricative s h
Mai sautin n j w

Abubuwa biyu, /t/, /k/ Sanya bayyanawa zuwa [d] da [ɡ] a gaban wasula da resonants (jerin ƙasa na jadawalin da aka lakafta 'sonorant') kuma ana rubuta su a wannan yanayin. Akwai wadataccen palatalization da affrication a cikin harshe.

A gaba Tsakiya Komawa
Kusa i A cikin su
Tsakanin Za a yi amfani da shiSai dai o
Bude æ ne a

Onondaga yana da wasula biyar na baki, /i e o æ a/ (/æ/ wani lokacin ana wakilta shi a matsayin orthographically kamar yadda 意), da wasula biyu na hanci, /ẽ/ da /ũ/ . Sanya rubuta wasula na hanci, suna bin al'adar Iroquoianist, tare da ogoneks a cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi da kuma Ontario. A New York, ana wakilta su da waɗannan kalmomi. Sautin na iya zama gajere da tsawo. Lokacin da tsawon wasula ya samo asali ne daga ma'anar da ta ɓace yanzu *r, yana da sauti. Sanya rubuta tsawon sautin tare da maɓallin da ke biyowa, ko maɓallin maɓallin (rabi na maɓallin).

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named e25
  2. ↑ Moses, Sarah (September 13, 2015). "Onondaga Nation's urgent mission: Saving our language". Syracuse.com. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
  3. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Onondaga". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :3