Yunkurin kare hakkin iyaye ta ƙasa

Yunkurin kare hakkin iyaye ta ƙasa

iyaye

iyaye

kungiyoyin kare hakkin iyaye a lokaci guda sun samo asali a cikin kasashe da yawa, suna ba da shawara ga iyaye daya bayan rabuwa ko rabuwa, da 'yancin 'ya'ya da uba na samun kusanci mai ma'ana. Wannan labarin ya ba da cikakkun bayanai game da yunkurin kare hakkin iyaye a takamaiman kasashe.

Ostiraliya

Kungiyoyin hakkin Iyaye Maza sun fara a Ostiraliya a cikin 1970s tare da kafa kungiyoyi irin su kungiyoyin Iyayen Uba. Sauran sanannun kungiyoyin sun hada da Daidaituwar Uba, Uba da Wariya, Uban Marasa Hakki, kungiyar Maza da kungiyar Iyaye. Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran masu fafutukar kare hakkin ubanni, kungiyoyin Australiya suna mai da hankali kan batutuwan da suka shafi lalata rukunin iyali, tsarewa, samun dama, tallafin yara, tashin hankalin gida (ciki har da zarge-zargen karya, da cin zarafi akan maza), cin zarafin yara, kulawa, sake dawo da laifi. shari'ar kisan aure, son zuciya da tsarin kotuna da batutuwan sirri. Kungiyoyi sun yi nasarar tattara kafofin watsa labaru, da kuma tasiri a kan 'yan siyasa da sake fasalin doka. ^[1] A ranar 22 ga Mayu, 2006, Ostiraliya ta zartar da "Dokar Iyali Gyara (Hakkin Rarraba Iyaye) Doka ta 2006" tana mai da iyaye biyu alhakin yanke shawara game da dansu ta hanyar 'daidaitaccen alhakin iyaye'. Dokar ta bukaci kotuna su yi la'akari da umarnin cewa yaron ya yi daidai da adadin lokaci tare da kowane iyaye a wasu yanayi, amma dokar ba ta bayyana cewa dole ne kotuna ta ba da umurni cewa yaron ya ciyar da lokaci daidai da kowane iyaye ba. Yayin da Dad's cikin damuwa ya nuna godiya ga dokar a matsayin karamin mataki a kan hanya mai kyau da kuma damuwa ko canje-canjen za a dauki da gaske ta hanyar Ma'aikatan Dokokin Iyali da Barry Williams, shugaban kasa kuma wanda ya kafa kungiyar Lone Fathers Association, ya ce, "Ina tsammanin wadannan sababbin dokoki za su kasance mafi kyau a cikin shekaru 30", kungiyar maza ta yi maraba da sauye-sauye amma kuma sun nuna rashin jin dadi kuma sun bayyana cewa Dokar ba ta "tilasta kotu don kallon iyaye a matsayin daidai ba." ^[2]

Jam'iyyar Iyaye Mara Rinjaye (Equal Parenting) ^[3] an kafa ta a Ostiraliya a cikin 1998. Shafin yanar gizon jam'iyyar ya bayyana cewa ainihin manufofin sun shafi batun dokar iyali da sake fasalin tallafin yara. A halin yanzu jam'iyyar iyaye masu zaman kansu (Equal Parenting) tana rajista a matsayin jam'iyyar siyasa tare da Hukumar Zabe ta Ostiraliya (AEC). ^[4]

Kungiyoyin kare hakkin iyaye a Ostireliya sun yi Allah wadai da matakin da wata kungiyar tsageru ta maza da ke aikata miyagun laifuka, da suka hada da zage-zage da cin zarafi. ^[5]

Belgium

Tun watan Satumba 2006 dokar tarayya ta Belgian kan "co-parenté" ta fara aiki. Ya gabatar da zato na wuri biyu ko zama na tarayya wanda bisa doka ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi sosai tare da cikakken bincike tare da fifiko a kowane shari'a ta kotunan dangi da alkalai na Belgian bisa bukatar dayan iyayen da suka saki daban. Hakanan iyaye daya na iya bukatar shiga kotu na gaggawa, lokacin da ƙarin umarni na karfafawa ya zama dole.

Kanada

A wani yunkuri na zartar da wata doka da ke haifar da zato ga iyaye daya, kungiyoyin ‘yancin ubanni da yawa sun kaddamar da wani mataki a Kotun Tarayya ta Kanada don soke tanade-tanaden rikon yara na Dokar Saki ta Tarayya da ke da'awar cewa gwajin shari'a ya yi amfani da shi don yanke shawarar wanene. iyaye suna samun kulawa yana nuna son kai ga ubanni, don haka keta wariyar launin fata bisa tanadin jima'i na Yarjejeniya ta Kanada ta Hakkoki da 'Yanci, da kuma Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Hakkokin Yara .

Kanada tana da dan kungiyoyin kare hakkin uba, yawancin su siyasa ce don neman dogon lokaci don canje-canje ga dokar saki. www. OttawaMensCentre.com tana ba da albarkatu ga ubanni ciki har da masu neman lauyoyi don tunkarar al'amuran bangaranci da zarge-zargen karya. Mafi yawan surutu a cikin su shine kungiyar Kanada don Daidaitawa wanda ke ba da shawara daidaitattun iyaye da 'yancin zamantakewa ga mutane ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ba.

Majalisar Dattijai ta Kanada, hadin gwiwar kungiyoyi 40 da kungiyoyin hadin gwiwa na duniya sun bayyana cewa sun gamsu da shirin gyaran dokar saki don haifar da zato na iyaye daidai.

The Equal Parenting Party, karamar jam'iyyar siyasa ta lardi, ta kasance a cikin Ontario daga 2014 zuwa 2018. Ta gudanar da 'yan takara biyu a babban zaben Ontario na 2014 kuma ta sami kashi 0.01% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada.

Finland

Akwai akalla kungiyoyi biyu masu rijista a Finland wadanda ke mai da hankali kan hakkin ubanni: Associationungiyar Daidaituwar Maza ^[6] (kafa 2009) da kungiyar Uba ga Yara ^[7] (kafa 2012). Tsohon yana aiki don daidaiton jinsi a gaba ɗaya daga ra'ayi na maza. Wannan na ƙarshe yana mai da hankali kan riƙe alaƙa tsakanin iyaye da yara bayan kisan aure. Uban Yara ba su yarda da rabuwar iyaye ba tare da la'akari da jima'i na iyayen da ke ƙoƙarin raba yaro daga ɗayan iyaye ba.

Faransa

Rarrabuwar iyaye ba shi da wani tasiri a kan dokokin da suka shafi bayar da ikon iyaye. Ana ci gaba da yin amfani da ikon iyaye tare da hadin gwiwa sai dai idan don maslahar yaro dole ne a ba da amanar wannan hukuma ga daya daga cikin iyaye. ^[8]

Akwai kungiyoyin Faransanci na kasa da na yanki 117 da ke habaka daidaiton iyaye bayan rabuwa dangane da rikon yara. : SOS Papa tun 1990, SVP Papas, ^[9] LPLM (Les Papas = Les Mamans), ^[10] Egalité parentale, ^[11] Osons l'égalité parentale pour nos enfants, and Collectif la Grue Jaune Archived 2013-07-17 at the Wayback Machine Archived </link> daga Feb 2013.

An kirkiri na baya-bayan nan bayan Ubanni 2 sun hau saman cranes 2 masu launin rawaya da launin toka a cikin Fabrairu 2013 a Nantes kuma suna kokarin tattara iyaye, uba da kakanni.

Dukansu mambobi ne na PEF Platform don iyayen Turai (na farko ta hanyar SOS Papa Nord Picardie )

Jamus

A cikin Jamus, iyaye daya na iya neman zuwa kotun dangi don hakkin mallaka. Kotu za ta amince da irin wannan bukatar idan suka yanke shawarar cire rikon hadin gwiwa tare da mika wa iyaye daya shine mafi kyawun amfanin yaron. ^[12]

Iyayen da ba su yi aure ba; Don samun "Tsarin Rarraba" (da duk wani hakki na gaske game da yara) yana yiwuwa ta hanyar aure ko ta hanyar uwa ta sanya hannu kan sanarwar tsarewa ko tun watan Mayu 2013 ta hanyar neman kotu. Ikon tsare shi kadai (na uba) ba shakka ba gaskiya ba ne a karkashin dokar iyali ta Jamus na yanzu. Kotun kolin Jamus (Bundesverfassungericht) ta yanke hukunci a ranar 21 ga Yuli 2010 cewa ainihin dokar iyali ta saba wa dokar tsarin mulkin Jamus. ^[13] Don cikakken bayani game da yanayin shari'a, duba Wikipedia shafin yanar gizon Jamus; ^[14]

Za a iya cin nasara a hannun haɗin gwiwa lokacin da iyaye ba su yarda ba. Duba hukuncin Kotun Tsarin Mulki 1 BvR 738/01 daga Maris 1, 2004, ^[15] sakin layi na II. 1. a) An fassara jimla ta uku zuwa harshen turanci kamar haka: "Hadin gwiwa na hakkin iyaye yana tabbatar da kyakkyawar dangantaka tsakanin iyaye kuma yana bukatar karamin matakin yarjejeniya a tsakanin su." Idan iyaye faya sun ki ba da hadin kai, kotu ta canza tsare-tsare na hadin gwiwa zuwa tsarewa kadai. Doka da ke gudanar da zaben iyaye da ke karbar renon yara su kadai ta dogara ne akan “mafi kyawun maslahar da” ^[16] Rashin hadin kai na iyaye ba shi ne wani abu ba yayin da ake tantance “mafi kyawun dabi’a” sabili da haka wanne iyaye ke samun kulawa kadai. Iyaye na iya kin ba da hadin kai don tilasta yanke shawara don goyon bayan tsarewar su kadai sannan kuma su cancanci samun ci gaba bayan sun ki ba da hadin kai da dayan iyayen.

Mathieu Carriere, sanannen dan wasan kwaikwayo na Jamus, wanda bayan mahaifiyarsa kuma mai kula da 'yarsa mai shekaru 8 ta kai kararsa saboda ya bar jaridu da dama su buga hotunan Carriere tare da 'yarsa, ya yanke shawarar kin biyan tarar Euro 5,000 da ke hade da shi. tare da karar kuma a maimakon haka ya bayyana a bainar jama'a cewa zai yi zaman gidan yari na kwanaki 10 don nuna goyon baya ga yakin neman daidaito ga iyaye biyu bayan saki ko rabuwa.

Akwai kungiyoyi masu kanana zuwa matsakaici da yawa wadanda aka kirkira don bayar da shawarwari don canza haƙƙi kamar Blauer-Weihnachtsmann.de, ^[17] Väteraufbruch.

Girka

1,000,000 ubanni da suka sake aure suna zaune a Girka. Tare da dokar farar hula ta iyali ta Girka ta yanzu, kusan babu wani zabi don rabawa ko hadin kai tsakanin iyaye a yanayin kisan aure. A cikin kashi 98% na wadannan shari'o'in, alkalan Girka sun yanke hukunci a kan ubanni kuma sun ba da umarnin cewa iyaye mata za su sami kulawar yara na musamman. Kungiyar SYGAPA mai mambobi 35.000, tana gudanar da ayyuka da yawa don daidaito tsakanin iyaye da kuma canza dokar farar hula ta Girka. Kamar yadda na 2013 ubanni na Girka har yanzu suna tsammanin daidaito na gaske daga 'yan siyasa. Sun kirkiri "kungiyar kwararrun Turai" wanda ya shafi dukan kasashen Turai.

Tarihi:

Ƙungiyar SYGAPA www.sos-sygapa.eu tare da shugabansa Nicolas Spitalas sun canza tunani kuma mambobinsa 35,000 sun goyi bayan ayyukan: 2003: sasantawa, 2004: Ayyukan Kimiyya, 2005: jungiyar Duniya, 2006: Majalisa, 2007: Ayyukan gwagwarmaya, 2008: kungiya a Thessaloniki, 2009: Athens-Syntagma, 2010: Conference at Drama, 2011: activism at Larissa, 2012: Publication of books, 2013: propositions for the family law, 2014: gabatar da littattafan farfesa Nicolas Spitalas (1) :ka'idar zamantakewar Iyayen Saki da 2: Tarihin wadanda aka saki). Kungiyar SYGAPA ta canza a Jam'iyyar Siyasa: kungiyar zamantakewa ta Turai da kuma a Girka: GIRKI SOCIAL MOVEMENT (EKK). A zabukan Turai (2007-2012) da zaben majalisar dokoki: 2015.

Hungary

Iyaye daya za a iya neman hadin kai daga kotu bayan 1 ga Janairu, 2022. Kotun Iyali tana da hakkin kiyaye cikakken hakkin iyaye bayan kisan aure/rabu ko odar hadin kai ko da bisa rojon kowane iyaye. Bayan saki dai-dai gwargwado na tarbiyyar yara yana samun karbuwa, ko da yake ba ita ce hanyar kula da yara da aka fi sani ba bayan saki a halin yanzu.

A ka'ida, a lokacin saki ko rabuwa jihar ta kawar da kasancewa da kulawa da iyaye daya da kuma rabon kudaden shiga na dayan iyaye daga 'ya'yan. Ma'ana, kisan aure a cikin Dual Earner Dual Career iyali yana nufin habaka 100% na kimar habaka yara ga dayan iyaye.

Ƙungiya mafi inganci kuma shahararriyar ƙungiyar da ba ta siyasa ba Apák az Igazságért Egyesület : 'Uba don kungiyar Shari'a, Hungary' (AI). An kayyade manyan ayyuka kamar: daidaiton zamantakewa, tsarewar da aka raba, kawar da cikas ga tuntuɓar iyaye, taimako tare da hanyoyin sabis na zamantakewa, warware matsaloli tare da kyautar tallafin yara, shigar da ƙarar sirri, tallafawa shari'o'in kula da yara, haƙƙin yara. An girma daga babban rukunin Facebook a baya a cikin 2014. A cewar hukumomi suna da karfi sosai kuma suna da mutuntawa. ^[18]

Babban kungiyar ba ta siyasa ba ce, da ake kira Association of Divorce Fathers, Hungary (ADF), an kafa ta a cikin 1989 lokacin da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka sake yiwuwa bayan shekaru 40. ADF tana da Farfesa Miklós Hernádi, marubuci, a matsayin shugaba mai daraja. Taken taken na yanzu shine "Apák összefognak gyermekeikert" (Ubannin Hadin Kan Yaransu). Ayyukan ADF sun haɗa da zanga-zangar, abubuwan da suka faru na kafofin watsa labaru, koke, suna ba da shirye-shiryen Ranar Fathers's da shawarwarin shari'a kyauta.

An kafa kungiyar uba mai fafutuka mai suna Eurocsalád Workgroup a cikin 2005 tana mai da hankali kan tsaron doka na iyaye da raba aikin iyali. Wani koke na hadin gwiwa ya biyo bayan zanga-zangar mahaifin da ke nuna rashin amincewa da damar da ba zai yuwu ba a shari'a don samun daidaiton iyaye (Ga Dokar Hankali da Zuciya, 2008). The motsi ya zama mai aiki a kan kasa da kasa scene: wani uban taron da ake kira ESP-WG 2010 da aka gudanar a Hotel Mercure Korona, Budapest tare da baki daga 4 kasashe da burin shiga ware kokarin na gida uban NGO ta cikin wani matakin EU matakin don daidai raba iyaye. . Bayan watanni 16 kawai aka kafa Platform for European Fathers (PEF) ta kasashe mambobi 11 a Brussels.

Indiya

Indiya ba ta sa hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Hague ba game da batun tsare yara.

Daidaita Daidaitacciyar Raba Iyaye

Raba yara

Siffofin uba

Kungiyar iyayen da ba masu kula da Indiya ba

Kaddamar da hakkin yara don Raba iyaye

Dubi yunkurin kare hakkin maza a Indiya

Dubi dokar sadaki a Indiya .

Ireland

Rarraba iyaye yawanci kotuna ne kawai ke ba da yara inda yara ba batun jayayya ba ne kuma akwai yarjejeniya mai zurfi game da tarbiyyar tarbiyyar su da sauransu. ^[19] Jam'iyyar Haƙƙin Haƙƙin Uba ta yi takara a babban zaɓe na 2007 na Irish . John Waters na Jaridar Irish Times akai-akai yana ba da shawarar inganta haƙƙin uba a cikin op-ed ɗin sa na mako-mako.

Isra'ila

Ga kasa mai ci gaba mai cibiyoyi na siyasa na dimokradiyya, al'ummar Isra'ila ta shahara saboda yawan haihuwarta da dabi'ar ɗabi'ar ɗabi'a, ^[20] don tsarin shari'ar dangi na addini a cikin Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Isra'ila da mabanbantan tushenta da akidu ciki har da tsattsauran ra'ayi na mata da tsattsauran ra'ayi. . Kodayake yawancin addinin Yahudanci yana da al'adar uba, iyaye mata suna jin daɗin haɓaka fa'idodin doka wanda Kwamitin Knesset kan Matsayin Mata da Daidaiton Jinsi ya haɓaka. Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin kafa mata da ke da kudi mai kyau, kungiyoyin kare hakkin uba da maza, yunƙurin siyasa da kafofin watsa labarai sun kasance matalauta, kanana da bata lokaci.

Masu fafutukar kare hakkin iyaye ba su yi nasara ba a zaben Knesset duka a jam'iyyunsu na zubar da ciki kamar 'Yancin Dan Adam a cikin Jam'iyyar Iyali da kuma cikin jerin sunayen hadin gwiwa. An yi zanga-zangar zanga-zanga da dama, zanga-zanga da zanga-zangar adawa da zargin nuna wariya da dokokin kotunan iyali. A cikin 2014 roko ga Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Bil Adama ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya haifar da Allah wadai da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Isra’ila saboda nuna wariya ga iyayen da suka rabu. Mahukuntan Isra'ila sun shigar da kara a kotunan Amurka da dama a kan shari'ar iyali da jami'an kula da jin dadin jama'a da kungiyoyin mata da ke zargin take hakkin dan Adam. Musamman ma, masu fafutukar kare hakkin ubanni na Isra'ila sun yi zanga-zangar nuna rashin amincewa da Maganar Shekarar Tender (wanda a cikin 2016 aka ɗan gyara a cikin Knesset) da kuma al'adar kotun iyali don ba da damar kula da yara ga uwa a cikin duka amma na musamman.

Ƙarin kiraye-kirayen sake fasalin sun haɗa da: yawan kuɗin alimoni da tallafin yara da aka sanya ba tare da la’akari da ƙarfin tattalin arziki ba; asarar ’yancin motsi ta hanyar amfani da umarnin kotu na hana fita (ciki har da uban da ba a bin bashi) barin ƙasar ba sai dai in ba da garantin duk wani tallafin yara na gaba ta hanyar ajiyar kuɗi ko masu tsayayye; nuna son zuciya game da hana cin zarafi na cikin gida dokokin da ake amfani da su ta hanyar sakin mata don korar ubanni daga gidajensu da kuma raba su da 'ya'yansu - tare da keɓancewar mata daga shari'a don shigar da zarge-zargen karya; inganta rabuwar iyaye, da; yawan ubanni da ake tilastawa ganin ‘ya’yansu a “cibiyoyin sadarwa” da ake kulawa da su saboda ikirarin karya na cin zarafin yara.

A kan dokar kula da yara, a cikin 2008 Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta nada Hukumar Schnitt, wanda Farfesa Dan Schnitt ya jagoranta, yawancin rahoton ya ba da shawarar cewa ba da haɗin kai ya zama tsarin da aka saba. A ranar 19 ga Janairu, 2012, Ministan Shari'a na lokacin Yakov Neeman ya sanar da cewa ya amince da binciken Hukumar Schnitt. An yi gyare-gyare mai rauni a cikin 2016. An ba da rahoton karɓowar kotu da aiwatar da shi ba kasafai ba ne a cikin bazara na 2017.

Hakazalika an gyara dokar tallafawa yara a watan Nuwamba 2014 bayan shawarar da Hukumar Shiffman ta yi don yin la'akari da kudaden shiga na iyaye biyu. Wasu hukunce-hukuncen kotu sun raba tallafin yara tsakanin iyaye biyu, amma kotunan malaman addini suna adawa da wannan dokar da ba ta gargajiya ba. ^[21]

Italiya

A ranar 18 ga Mayu, 2007, membobin Uban Armada sun yi zanga-zangar nuna adawa da ikirarinsu na cewa mata ne kawai ke da hakki bayan saki. Wakilai sun sadu da Ministan Dama Dama, Barbara Pollastrini, wanda ya yi alkawarin tallafawa.

Japan

Haƙƙin Uba a Japan (FRIJ) da Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Yara na Japan [1] suna kamfen don canza matsayin doka na yanzu wanda ke ba da damar sace yaron ta hanyar uwa ba tare da wata doka ba. [2] K Net na yin kamfen a cikin Jafananci. ^[22] Rikicin kula da yara na kasa da kasa a Japan ya kuma haifar da kungiyoyin kare hakkin iyaye irin su Help Dads Organisation (HDO) da kuma Find My Parent (FMP), wanda Bafaranshe Vincent Fichot ya kafa, wanda ya tafi yajin cin abinci na kwanaki 21 a gasar Olympics ta Tokyo a 2021. [3] .

Spain

Tsarewar haɗin gwiwa a cikin Mutanen Espanya an san shi da custodia compartida (tsarin tsarewa). Canje-canje na baya-bayan nan a cikin dokokin yanki a Spain, kamar a cikin Aragon, kafa haɗin gwiwa kamar tsarin mulkin da aka fi so. ^[23] A cikin 2009, 84,1% sun ba da kulawa ga uwa, 5,6% ga uba da kashi 9,6% an ba su haɗin gwiwa. Haƙƙin Uba a Spain (CCPMI) ƙungiya ce da ke tallafawa daidaitattun haƙƙoƙi da wajibai a cikin tarbiyya da tarbiyyar yara bayan kisan aure ko rabuwa. ^[24]

New Zealand

Membobin ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ubanni suna wayar da kan jama'a game da buƙatar haɗin kai na iyaye a New Zealand ta hanyar ɗaukar nauyin gidan yanar gizon ^[25] mai samun lambar yabo, gudanar da tarurruka, da zanga-zangar a bainar jama'a daga motar War-4-Kids. ^[26] Uban New Zealand suna tallafawa gidan yanar gizon da ke ba da shawara don taimaka wa ubanni suyi nasara a kotun iyali. ^[27]

Netherlands

Ƙungiyoyin ubanni a cikin Netherlands sun fara ne a ƙarshen 70 na karni na baya bayan gabatar da dokokin kisan aure mara laifi haɗe tare da kulawar iyaye guda ɗaya a cikin kotuna na iyali da ke sanya yara a cikin kulawar iyaye guda ɗaya na musamman iyaye mata ba tare da wani tanadi a cikin dokar iyali ba. da kuma kiyayewa da kiyaye kulawa da tuntuɓar yara daga kuma tare da ubanninsu. A cikin shekaru goma na farko da dama shirye-shirye, kungiyoyi da kungiyoyi sun fito sannan suka sake bace. A shekara ta 1989 aka kafa "Stichting Kind en Omgangsrecht" (Gidauniyar Yaran da Samun damar Yaren Holland), wanda aka sake masa suna a cikin 2003 zuwa "Stichting Vader Kennis Centrum" ^[28] (Gidauniyar Cibiyar Ilimi ta Uba ta Dutch).

A cikin watan Mayu 2007 mahaifin Holland da ƙungiyoyin iyaye masu daidaitawa sun yi jawabi ga Majalisar Dokokin Holland tare da Haɗin gwiwa ^[29] don yin doka don daidaitaccen zato na iyaye (a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland: 'gelijkwaardig ouderschap') a cikin dokar iyali ta Dutch. A sakamakon haka, a cikin 2009 dokar iyali ta Dutch an gabatar da 'Hakkin kula da yara da kuma renon yara daga iyayensu daidai' ^[30] an gabatar da shi ta hanyar kuri'a mafi rinjaye na tsarin mulki a majalisar dokokin Holland don nuna goyon baya ga daidaitaccen gyaran tarbiyyar iyaye. Jam'iyyar Socialist Party (SP) ta gabatar da ita. Duk da haka, tun daga lokacin al'adun kotunan iyali na ba da kulawa ga iyaye mata musamman iyaye mata sun kasance ba su canza ba. Wannan a zahiri lamari ne na al'ada da misali na kotunan dangi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da alkalai da ke da hannu a cikin al'adar 'yanke doka daga benci' ta hanyar yin watsi da su maimakon fassara da amfani da sabbin dokoki kamar yadda majalisar dokokin Holland ta karbe ta a cikin 2009.

Norway

An gabatar da dokoki kan yara a cikin 1981. ^[31] An yi canje-canje da yawa tun lokacin, sabuwar Janairu 1, 2009. Harafin dokokin ya yi kama da na Jamus. Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Iyali ta fara zama karfi a Norway a tsakiyar 1980s tare da gabatarwar F2F ( Foreningen 2 Foreldre ). ^[32] A yau F2F shine mafi yawan masu fafutuka na Norwegian suna ɗaukar a matsayin ƙungiyar siyasa waɗanda ke magana bisa ga abin da gwamnati ke son zama gaskiyar hukuma, cewa iyaye mata sun fi dacewa su zama iyaye mara aure. Koyaya, masu bincike da yawa a Norway sun gano cewa a zahiri iyaye mata sun fi uba haɗari ga 'ya'yansu. ^[33]

A cikin 2004 an gudanar da ranar maza ta farko (7 ga Oktoba) a Oslo. ^[34] Ombud na daidaiton jinsi ne kawai aka wakilta kuma ya gudanar da jawabi a gaban Stortinget (Majalisar) a 2004. Duk sauran cibiyoyin gwamnati, gami da Ombud na Yara, sun ƙi shiga. Ƙungiya mai tsattsauran ra'ayi mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, Ottar ^[35] ta yi ƙoƙarin yin ba'a ga Ranar Maza, amma har yanzu akwai masu fafutuka na Iyali waɗanda ke kiyaye ta a matsayin ranar hukuma don yin gardama kan 'Ya'yan-, Maza- da 'Yancin Uba.

A cikin 2006 an kafa ƙungiyar Far og Barn [Uba da Yara (Yara)] ^[36] . Daga baya waccan shekarar an kafa wata ƙungiyar iyali a Norway. Familiestiftelsen ^[37] an kafa shi a cikin Disamba 2006 wani yanki bayan ƙirar Sweden. Familiestiftelsen yana amfani da tambarin Pappa-Barn na Sweden.

A cikin 2010 Far og Barn ya fara. ^[38]

Poland

Iyayen Poland suna son zato da za a iya warwarewa don haɗin kai a cikin dokar Poland. A halin yanzu ana aiki da wata sabuwar doka. Ya kamata Majalisar Poland ta zartar da shi nan ba da jimawa ba.

Ƙungiyoyin Uba masu aiki sune Stowarzyszenie Prawo Dziecka Archived 2023-09-26 at the Wayback Machine DzielnyTata.pl, Inicjatywa Społeczna Porozumienie Rawskie PorozumienieRawskie.pl, Rodzice Pomorza da tashar yanar gizo www.opiekarownowazna.pl. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun himmatu don bayyana iƙirarinsu na cewa mata ne kawai ke da haƙƙi bayan saki. Wakilai suna aiki a Majalisar Dattijai da Majalisa don zartar da sabuwar dokar iyaye tare. ^[39]

Romania

Akwai ƙungiyoyin ubanni biyu a Romania. A tarihi ƙungiyar farko ita ce Alianța Națională a Taților din Romania (wanda aka sani da ANTR). Wannan ya biyo bayan Alianța Antidiscriminare Tuturor Tăticilor (wanda aka sani da TATA, ma'ana "uba" a cikin Romanian). Duk ƙungiyoyin biyu sun kasance marasa aiki a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata. Babban nasarar TATA ita ce amincewa da ranar Uba ta dokokin Romania. A cikin 2009 Ƙungiyar Romania don Haɗin gwiwa (wanda aka sani da ARPCC Archived </link> ko Asociația Romanci pentru Custodia Comună) an gina shi. Maimakon mayar da hankali kan "'yancin uba" ARPCC da ke matsayi a matsayin kungiya mai tsaka-tsakin jinsi da ke mai da hankali kawai kan mafi kyawun ayyuka game da tsare tsare (babban mayar da hankali kan horar da kwararru, tattara fikihu da harabar sauye-sauyen dokoki) ARPCC ta sami nasarori da yawa dangane da jihar. iko: Canjin Dokar Kariyar Yara a Romania (Doka ta 257/2013) ^{[40] [41]} da wasu ayyuka don haɗa doka. Nasarar ƙarshe ta ƙarshe ita ce tasiri a kan hukunce-hukuncen shari'a game da rabuwar iyaye . An ba da horon warewar iyaye a lokuta da dama ga Alƙalai na Dokokin Iyali kuma a sakamakon haka an san al'amuran ƙaura a cikin Kotuna a Romania. ^[42] ARPCC na ci gaba da kasancewa da kyakyawar aiki akan shimfidar wuri na "rayuwar iyaye" da "watsewa"

Rasha

Fathers International ^[43] an kafa shi ne a watan Yuni 2010 a matsayin yunƙurin ƴan ƙasa da ke tsaye don haƙƙin iyayen uba da haƙƙin yara don a girma a cikin cikakken iyali. Membobinta ^[44] suna ganin aikinsu na ba da ikon jama'a a kan jami'an gwamnati da hukumomin shari'a a wani yanki na yin biyayya ga Tsarin Mulki na Rasha da Dokar Iyali, wanda ke ba da tabbacin haƙƙin iyaye daidai gwargwado wanda hukumomi ke keta su bisa tsari.

Sweden

Idan ɗaya daga cikin iyayen yana son canji a gidan yari, kotu na iya yanke shawarar batun tsarewa. Hakanan ya shafi tambayoyin wanene cikin iyaye da yaron zai zauna da su da kuma yadda za a tsara hanyar samun damar sauran iyaye. A cikin shari'ar kisan aure, haka kuma, dole ne kotu, in babu wani da'awa, ta ba da damar kula da yaron ga ɗayan iyayen idan riƙon haɗin gwiwa bai dace da jin daɗin yaron ba. Wannan doka, da aka yi a shekara ta 2006, ta haifar da yawancin shari'o'in kotuna da aka nemi a ba da ita ga uwa. ^[45]

Idan mahaifiyar da ba ta yi aure ta haifi yaro ba, mahaifiyar za ta sami kulawa ta atomatik sai dai idan ta zaɓi, a cikin shawararta, ta yarda a raba renon.

A Sweden akwai ƙungiyoyi huɗu waɗanda ke gwagwarmaya don haƙƙin ubanni a cikin rikice-rikice na tsare. MinPappa (mafi girma tare da membobi 4000 ba da daɗewa ba) ya bayyana cewa 4 cikin 5 ubanninsu sun fuskanci wariya a kotu yayin da iyaye mata ke samun kulawa kawai. Sun kuma bayyana wata kotu a Sweden, a Lund, da ba ta ba da kulawa ga kowane uba. Pappa-Barn, ^[46] ɗaya ne daga cikin sanannun ƙungiyar zaure a Sweden wanda ke da babban memba na uba da uwaye masu tallafawa daidaicin haƙƙin jinsi a tsare. PapaLiv wata babbar ƙungiya ce mai masaukin baki mai mambobi sama da 1000. MinPappa karamar kungiya ce dake kudancin Sweden kuma tana da taimako ga ubanni masu bukatar taimako.

Kotu da masana ilimin halayyar dan adam na Sweden ba su gane su ba. Alliance for the Child ("Allians för Barnen") wani yunƙuri ne na zamantakewa don haɗa ƙwararrun ƙwararrun malamai a cikin hanyar sadarwar da ta dace don sanar da masu yanke shawara na siyasa a cikin Sweden, Scandinavia da Turai game da Rashin Ra'ayin Iyaye (PAD). Wannan yanayin, wanda Farfesa William Bernet, farfesa a fannin tabin hankali a Jami'ar Vanderbilt, Amurka, ya kirkiro, an bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin nau'o'in cin zarafin yara. Yana aiki tun daga ƙarshen 70s a cikin kafofin watsa labarai ta hanyar buga labarai a cikin latsawa (Svenska Dagbladet, Brännpunkt: Barns rätt till två föräldrar - "Hakkin yara ga iyaye biyu", Dec 27, 1979), a cikin Rediyon Sweden (P1: Tendens ), kuma, kwanan nan a kan kafofin watsa labarun muhawara Newsmill ( Ny Lag behövs till stöd för barn som berövas sina papport - "Ana buƙatar sabuwar doka don tallafawa yaran da aka hana ubanninsu")

Ƙasar Ingila

Kungiyar kare hakkin uba a Burtaniya ta kunshi kungiyoyi iri-iri, tun daga kungiyoyin agaji, kungiyoyin taimakon kai da masu fafutukar rashin biyayya. Za a iya gano wannan motsi zuwa kafuwar a 1974 na Iyali Bukatar Uba, ko da yake kungiyar ba ta ganin kanta a matsayin kungiyar kare hakkin iyaye, yana mai nuni da cewa babban abin da ya fi mayar da hankali shi ne 'yancin yara na samun dangantaka mai ma'ana da ubanninsu. FNF tana ba da ƙungiyoyin taimakon kai-da-kai, suna haɓaka bincike kan tarbiyyar iyaye ɗaya, da kuma masu son siyasa don sauye-sauyen doka a tsarin dokar iyali a Burtaniya. An lasafta shi da nasarori da dama. ^[47] Kafa Uban 4 Adalci a 2003 ya kawo dalilin haƙƙin ubanni ga hankalin jama'a tare da manyan tsare-tsare tare da membobin da ke sanye a matsayin manyan jaruman littafin ban dariya da sauran haruffa masu sauƙin ganewa don auna gine-ginen jama'a da abubuwan tarihi. Bayan lokaci zanga-zangar tasu ta zama mai tada hankali, kuma rikicin cikin gida ya raba kan kungiyar. An watse a takaice a watan Janairun 2006 sakamakon shawarar cewa za a yi garkuwa da dan Firayim Minista Tony Blair na dan lokaci, duk da cewa an ci gaba da zanga-zangar da kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda na F4J, 'Real F4J' da New Fathers 4 Justice, suka yi. Uba 4 Adalci gyara a watan Mayu 2006 Ubanni 4 Adalci . An soki sauran masu fafutukar kare hakkin uba da cin zarafi, barazana da ayyukan da suka sabawa doka, ciki har da zamba. A Burtaniya, kungiyoyin kare hakkin iyaye sun ba da shawarar yin canje-canje ga Dokar Tallafawa Yara ciki har da tallafin yara, tarbiyyar juna da samun damar yara da rashin aiwatar da umarnin kotu. Matsin lamba daga motsin ubanni ya yi tasiri ga Gwamnatin Burtaniya, wacce ta buga daftarin dokar Yara (Lambobi) da Dokoki a cikin Fabrairu 2005 ^[48] da ke da nufin fadada ikon alkalai wajen mu'amala da iyayen da suka hana tsohon abokin zamansu ganin 'ya'yansu. .

Bob Geldof ya ba da rahoton cewa a cikin kusan shari’o’in tsare mutane 15,000 da ake yanke hukunci a kotunan iyali a kowace shekara, kashi 7% na ubanni a Burtaniya ne kawai aka yarda su zauna tare da ’ya’yansu, kuma 4 cikin 10 na uba suna rasa duk wata alaka da ‘ya’yansu na dindindin. Ya bayar da rahoton cewa kotunan iyali suna ganin bai dace mutum ya bayyana irin soyayyar da yake yi wa ‘ya’yansa ba. Ya ce 1 cikin 4 yara suna zaune ne a gidajen iyaye guda, yaran da suka girma ba tare da ubanninsu ba sau 5 ba su da aikin yi kuma sau 3 suna iya shiga cikin aikata laifuka, 80% na duk gidajen jama'a na iyalai ne kawai., kuma farashin mai biyan haraji na rashin uba aƙalla £15B a kowace shekara.

Turkiyya

Kungiyar kare hakkin ubanni a kasar Turkiyya ta bulla ne tare da kafa iyayen da aka kashe a Istanbul a shekara ta 2006 domin wayar da kan iyaye game da nisantar da iyaye, ciwon kai na iyaye. Kungiyar ta nuna rashin amincewa da dokokin iyali na Turkiyya, wadanda suka yi nuni da cewa, suna nuna wariya ga mazajen da ake tsare da yara, da abinci, da matsugunan kula da kananan yara, da kuma kyautata zaton na tsare mata masu juna biyu. Sun bukaci a ba su kulawa ta doka da kulawa ta jiki da sabbin dokoki da ke nuna ƙarin haƙƙoƙin ziyartar yara. Har ila yau, sun bukaci a inganta haƙƙin ziyartar yara tare da bayyana cewa ya saba wa haƙƙin ɗan adam da haƙƙin yara a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya don aiwatar da haƙƙin ziyartar yara ta hanyar ayyana yara a matsayin abubuwan da suka dace da doka tare da neman a mayar da alhakin aiwatar da haƙƙin ziyartar yara zuwa ga Iyali. Ma'aikatar Manufofin zamantakewa don samar da hanyoyin ɗan adam.

Sun kafa ƙungiyoyi daban-daban don tsara ayyukansu kuma suna ɗaga murya akan PA (Baƙin Iyaye) da PAS (Parental Alienation Syndrome). Wadannan kungiyoyi su ake kira Platform Uban da aka Saki "Bosanmis Babalar Platformu". ^[49] Iyayen da suka fusata "Magdur Babalar" ^[50] da Uban da aka Saki da Dandalin Iyali "Bosanmis Babalar ve Aile Platformu". ^[51] Sakamakon wannan yunkuri, wani karamin kwamiti da Majalisar Dokokin Turkiyya ta nada da wakilan dandamali sun gudanar da zama tare da rubuta rahoton da za a bai wa majalisar don yin sauye-sauyen da suka dace kan dokar iyali ta Turkiyya don amincewa da kare haƙƙin da ke biyowa. .

Kulawa da Rarraba ta Shari'a

Haɗin Raba Jiki

Sabbin tilastawa don tabbatar da haƙƙin ziyartar yara

Sabbin tilastawa da sabbin matakan hana ƙetare Iyaye

Amurka

Ƙungiyoyin 'yancin ubanni a Amurka sun fito ne tare da kafa Racket Busters na kisan aure a California a 1960 don nuna rashin amincewa da dokokin kisan aure na Californian da suka ce suna nuna wariya ga maza a cikin abinci, wuraren kula da yara da kuma a cikin tsammanin kulawar iyaye. Kungiyar ta fadada zuwa wasu jihohi, inda ta canza suna zuwa Sake Gyaran aure a 1961. Tare da karuwar adadin kisan aure a cikin 1960s da 1970s, ƙarin ƙungiyoyin maza na gida na gida sun taso don sake fasalin kisan aure, ^[52] kuma a cikin 1980s, akwai ƙungiyoyin yancin ubanni fiye da 200 da ke aiki a kusan kowace jiha. Wadannan kungiyoyi sun mayar da hankalinsu kan abin da suke kallo a matsayin nuna wariya ta jima'i a cikin dokar iyali, ta hanyar shiga harkokin siyasa kamar neman 'yan majalisar dokoki na jihohi, shigar da kararrakin kararraki, daukar kotuna, da kuma sanya ido kan hukunce-hukuncen alkalai ta hanyar "kallon kotu". ^[52] Shekarun 1990 sun ga bullar sabbin kuma manyan kungiyoyi irin su Initiative na Uban kasa da hadin gwiwar Ubannin Amurka. ^[53] An yi yunƙurin kafa wata ƙungiya ta ƙasa wadda ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin iyaye na gida za su iya kasancewa a cikinta, amma hakan yana da wuya a cimma. Sakamakon haka, motsin ya kasance mafi yawan saɓanin haɗin gwiwa na ƙungiyoyin gida. ^[52]

Manazarta

1. Kaye, Miranda; Julia Tolmie (1998). "Fathers' Rights Groups in Australia and their Engagement with Issues in Family Law". Australian Journal of Family Law. 12: 19–68. Retrieved 2007-03-24.
2. "Men's Confraternity discuss Family Lawyer Tricks". Men's Confraternity. Archived from the original on 2007-07-24. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
3. Non-Custodial Parents Party (Equal Parenting). Home Page. Date accessed 28 March 2013.
4. Australian Electoral Commission's current Index of Registered Political Parties. Date accessed 28 March 2013
5. Empty citation (help)
6. "Miesten tasa-arvo ry" (in Yaren mutanen Finland). Retrieved 2019-08-28.
7. "JOTTA LAPSEN OIKEUS MOLEMPIIN VANHEMPIINSA TOTEUTUISI". Isät lasten asialla. Retrieved 2019-12-17.
8. European Commission – European Judicial Network – Parental responsibility – France
9. "svppapa". svppapa.e-monsite.com. Retrieved 2019-12-17.
10. "Les Papas = Les Mamans". Les Papas = Les Mamans (in Faransanci). Retrieved 2019-12-17.
11. "Egalite Parentale". egaliteparentale.com. Archived from the original on 2017-10-14. Retrieved 2019-12-17.
12. European Commission – European Judicial Network – Parental responsibility – Germany
13. "Bundesverfassungsgericht - Presse - Ausschluss des Vaters eines nichtehelichen Kindes von der elterlichen Sorge bei Zustimmungsverweigerung der Mutter verfassungswidrig". www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
14. de:Sorgerecht
15. "Decision of Case 1 BvR 738/01". German Constitutional Court. 2004-03-01. Retrieved 2014-03-14.
16. "Transfer of sole custody where the parents live apart". juris GmbH, Langenscheidt Translation Service. 2013-10-01. Retrieved 2014-03-14.
17. "Aktuell: Blauer Weihnachtsmann". www.blauer-weihnachtsmann.de. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
18. "Fathers for Justice Association | Apák az Igazságért Kh. Egyesület". www.apakazigazsagert.org. 26 September 2016. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
19. European Commission – European Judicial Network – Parental responsibility – Ireland
20. Cohen, Tova (September 25, 2015). "Israel has the highest birth rate in the developed world, and that's becoming a problem". Business Insider.
21. "Child support a revolution!". Archived from the original on 2014-11-30. Retrieved 2014-11-23.
22. K Net Shared Parenting Movement Net Work
23. "Estadística de nulidades, separaciones y divorcios 2009" [Statistics of annulments, separations and divorces 2009]. National Statistic Institute (NE) (in Sifaniyanci). Spain. Archived from the original on 2012-04-01.. The National Statistic Institute (NE), offers fiable data on the custody (mother, father or joint custody)
24. "PARTY of Father's Rights Shared Custodia". ccpmi.eu. Archived from the original on 2009-08-06. Retrieved 2009-08-07.
25. "Blogger's Choice Award for Hands On Equal Parenting". Bloggerschoiceawards. 2007-05-26. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-05-26.
26. "Hands On Equal Parenting". 2007-05-26. Archived from the original on 2007-05-14. Retrieved 2007-05-26.
27. "Father of New Zealand". 2007-05-26. Archived from the original on 2007-05-27. Retrieved 2007-05-26.
28. Abdel. "Welkom op de website van het Vader Kennis Centrum". Vader Kennis Centrum (in Holanci). Retrieved 2019-08-28.
29. "Manifest Vadertop". Retrieved 2019-08-28.
30. Koninkrijksrelaties, Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en. "Burgerlijk Wetboek Boek 1". wetten.overheid.nl (in Holanci). Retrieved 2019-12-17.
31. "Lov om barn og foreldre". LoveData. Retrieved 2019-12-17.
32. "Hjem - www.f2f.no". www.f2f.no. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
33. "RADAR: Norwegian Minister of Children and Gender Equality Worried About Taboo Subject of Women's Violence". www.mediaradar.org. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
34. Frilanser, Ole Texmo (2004-10-07). "En mannsdag!". Dagbladet.no (in Harhsen Norway). Retrieved 2019-08-28.
35. "kvinnegruppa-ottar.no". kvinnegruppa-ottar.no. Archived from the original on 2019-10-29. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
36. "FAR OG BARN". FAR OG BARN (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2011-10-18. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
37. "Familiestiftelsen.no – Tips til hjelp ved familieproblemer" (in Norwegian Nynorsk). Retrieved 2019-08-28.
38. "Pappamagasinet FAR OG BARN – Les det på ipad, nettbrett, mobil og PC!" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-08-28.
39. "MAMA TO NIE TATO Konkubenci mają więcej praw do dziecka, niż biologiczni ojcowie. Opieka równoważna ma to zmienić". POLAND. 2009-10-28. Retrieved 2009-11-26.
40. See the English translation of the key paragraphs from Law257/2013 here
41. ARPCC contributions are highlighted here
42. "Parental Alienation Study Group". pasg.info. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
43. "OTKOM Russia Fathers' Committee". Igorsilver.wixsite.com. 2011-06-12. Retrieved 2022-05-30.
44. "Срок регистрации домена закончился". Archived from the original on 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2022-07-08.
45. European Commission – European Judicial Network – Parental responsibility – Sweden
46. "Ensamstående pappan med barn". Archived from the original on 2019-12-17. Retrieved 2019-12-17.
47. "The Operation of the Family Courts" (PDF). House of Commons Constitutional Affairs Committee Family Justice. 2004-11-08. Retrieved 2007-03-18. Evidence Submitted by Families Need Fathers on page 146
48. "UK Children (Contact) and Adoption Bill". Archived from the original on 2007-05-27. Retrieved 2007-05-28.
49. "boşanmış babalar". www.facebook.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-08-28.
50. "Mağdur Babalar". Facebook (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-08-28.
51. "Facebook". Facebook (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-12-17.
52. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named williams
53. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named clatterbaugh