Zapaleri je povezan s glavnim izvorom opsidijana,[7] s distribucijskom sferom pronađenom na arheološkim nalazištima širok preko 350 km.[8] Opsidijan se nalazi na bolivijskoj strani granice pored Lagune Blance. Drugi izvor nalazi se na planini Solterio.[9] Inka i raniji arheološki ostaci povezani su s nalazištima opsidijana.[10]
↑Bogdanic, T. C.; Espinoza, S. R. 1994. Tectono-Sedimentary Evolution of the Cretaceous-Early Tertiary and Metallogenic Scheme of Northern Chile, Between 20° S and 26° S. Cretaceous Tectonics of the Andes. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag. Wiesbaden. str. 229. doi:10.1007/978-3-322-85472-8_5. ISBN978-3-322-85472-8
↑Malainey, Mary E. 2011. Flaked and Ground Stone Tools. A consumer's guide to archaeological science analytical techniques. Manuals in Archaeological Method, Theory and Technique. 1st izdanje. Springer. New York. str. 275–289. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5704-7_18. ISBN978-1-4419-5704-7
↑Yacobaccio, Hugo D; Escola, Patricia S; Pereyra, Fernando X; Lazzari, Marisa; Glascock, Michael D. Veljača 2004. Quest for ancient routes: obsidian sourcing research in Northwestern Argentina. Journal of Archaeological Science. 31 (2): 193–204. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2003.08.001
↑Seelenfreund, Andrea; Pino, Mario; Glascock, Michael D.; Sinclaire, Carole; Miranda, Pedro; Pasten, Denisse; Cancino, Simón; Dinator, María Inés; Morales, José Roberto. Ožujak 2010. Morphological and geochemical analysis of the Laguna Blanca/Zapaleri obsidian source in the Atacama Puna. Geoarchaeology. 25 (2): 245–263. doi:10.1002/gea.20306