«Նախքան Քրիստոնեական եկեղեցու հիմնադրումը ազգային եկեղեցին կարող էր գոյություն ունենալ և գոյություն ունենալ առանց քրիստոնեության, և դրա վառ ապացույցն էր՝ [...] հրեական սահմանադրության Լևիտիկյան եկեղեցին [և] կելտական Դրուիդների եկեղեցիները[1]»:
Ջոն Ուորդսվորթը՝ Սալիսբերիի եպիսկոպոսը, 1911 թվականին գրել է Շվեդիայի ազգային եկեղեցու մասին՝ Շվեդիայի եկեղեցին և Անգլիայի եկեղեցին ներկայացնելով համապատասխանաբար շվեդացիների և անգլիացիների ազգային եկեղեցիներ։ Լեյքը 1987 թվականին հետևում է Անգլիայի XVI դարի պրեսբիտերականության զարգացմանը «բարեպաշտ փոքրամասնության» կարգավիճակով, որն ինքնին շրջապատված է բնակչության կոռումպացված և թշնամական զանգվածով, և որն էլ տանում էր դեպի «իսկական ազգային եկեղեցի»[2]։
Ազգային եկեղեցու գաղափարը կենդանի է մնում մասնավորապես Անգլիայի և Սկանդինավիայի բողոքականության մեջ։ Չնայած, Անգլիայի համատեքստում, ազգային եկեղեցին շարունակում է մնալ ընդհանուր նշանակություն Անգլիայի Եկեղեցու համար, Սկանդինավիայի լութերական որոշ «ժողովրդական եկեղեցիներ», որոնք բնութագրվում են որպես ազգային եկեղեցիներ էթնիկ իմաստով, ի տարբերություն պետական եկեղեցու գաղափարի, առաջացել է 19-րդ դարի երկրորդ կեսին ՝ Գրունդտվիգի առաջնորդության ներքո։
[3]։ Այնուամենայնիվ, այն երկրներում, որտեղ պետական եկեղեցին (նաև հայտնի է որպես հանրաճանաչ եկեղեցի) ունի քաղաքացիների մեծամասնության հետևորդներ, պետական եկեղեցին կարող է նաև լինել ազգային եկեղեցի և կարող է այդպիսին հռչակվել կառավարության կողմից, օրինակ՝ Դանիայի եկեղեցին[4], Հունաստանի եկեղեցին[5], Իսլանդիայի եկեղեցին[6] և Հայաստանի եկեղեցին։
Կառլ Բարթը դատապարտեց քրիստոնեական Աստծուն «ազգայնացնելու» միտումը, մանավանդ Առաջին համաշխարհային պատերազմում այլ քրիստոնյա ժողովուրդների դեմ պատերազմը պատժող ազգային եկեղեցիների համատեքստում[58] ։
↑Peter Lake, Maria Dowling, Protestantism and the national church in sixteenth century England, Taylor & Francis, 1987, ISBN, 9780709916819, ch. 8 (193ff.)
↑Dag Thorkildsen, "Scandinavia: Lutheranism and national identity" in World Christianities, c. 1815-1914, vol. 8 of The Cambridge history of Christianity, eds. Sheridan Gilley, Brian Stanley, Cambridge University Press, 2006, 978-0-521-81456-0, pp. 342–358
↑Shadid, W. A. R. (1995 թ․ հունվարի 1). Religious Freedom and the Position of Islam in Western Europe. Peeters Publishers. էջ 11. ISBN9789039000656. «Denmark has declared the Evangelical Lutheran church to be that national church (par. 4 of the Constitution), which corresponds the fact that 91.5% of the population are registered members of this church. This declaration implies that the Danish State does not take a neutral stand in religious matters. Nevertheless, freedom of religion has been incorporated in the Constitution. Nielsen (1992, 77) gives a short description of the position of the minority religious communities in comparison to that of the State Church: The Lutheran established church is a department of the state. Church affairs are government by a central government ministry, and clergy are government employees. The registration of births, deaths and marriages falls under this ministry of church affairs, and normally speaking the local Lutheran pastor is also the official registrar. The other small religious communities, viz. Roman Catholics, Methodists, Baptists and Jews, have the constitutional status of 'recognised communities of faith'. ... Contrary to the minority religious communities, the Lutheran Church is fully financed by the Danish State.»
↑Enyedi, Zsolt; Madeley, John T.S. (2004 թ․ օգոստոսի 2). Church and State in Contemporary Europe. Routledge. էջ 228. ISBN9781135761417. «Both as a state church and as a national church, the Orthodox Church of Greece has a lot in common with Protestant state churches, and even with Catholicism in some countries.»
↑Encyclopedia of Protestantism. Infobase Publishing. 2005 թ․ հունվարի 1. էջ 283. ISBN9780816069835. «When Iceland obtained home rule in 1874, the new constitution, while granting religious freedom, maintained the Evangelical Lutheran Church as "a national church . . . supported by the State." This was reaffirmed in the 1944 constitution of the new independent Republic of Iceland. Democratic reforms were adopted early in the 20th century that allowed for some independent decision making in parish councils, and let congregations choose their own pastors. Under a 1998 law, the church became largely autonomous, though it is still designated established church, supported by government taxes. At the end of the 19th century, Lutherans who wanted freedom from the state church founded the Evangelical Free Church of Iceland, which now has in excess of 7,000 members. The majority of Icelanders are members of the state church. Almost all children are baptized as Lutheran and more than 90 percent are subsequently confirmed. The Church conducts 75 percent of all marriages and 99 percent of all funerals.»
↑SJ, Gustavo Morello (2015 թ․ հուլիսի 1). The Catholic Church and Argentina's Dirty War. Oxford University Press. էջ 4. ISBN9780190273002. «The "re-establishing" of Catholicism as a national Church was the reward for the bishops's silence.»
↑Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce Alan (2009 թ․ հունվարի 1). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Infobase Publishing. էջ 53. ISBN9781438110257. «The Armenian Apostolic Church, sometimes referred to as the Gregorian Armenian Church by Western scholars, serves as the national church of the Armenian people.»
↑David Bowman, William (1999 թ․ դեկտեմբերի 1). Priest and Parish in Vienna: 1780 to 1880. Boston, MA : Humanities Press. էջ 1. ISBN9780391040946. «The Catholic Church was one of the principal forces that could help keep the lands of Habsburg monarchy together throughout its long history. Catholicism was not only the traditional religion of much of Austrian society,»
↑"Yet the national church appeared to agree upon the approach to pre-influence and it behaved accordingly. The Brazilian Church was socially more advanced than any other Latin America Church" The Political Transformation Of the Brazilian Catholic Church Thomas Bruneau - Umi Out-of-print Books on Demand - 1989
↑Hall, Richard C. (2012 թ․ հունվարի 1). The Modern Balkans: A History. Reaktion Books. էջ 51. ISBN9781780230061. «While this did not restore the Ohrid patriarchate, it did acknowledge the separation between the Orthodox church in Constantinople and the Bulgarian Orthodox church, which was now free to develop as the Bulgarian national church.»
↑Cvitanic, Marilyn (2011). Culture and Customs of Croatia. 9780313351174. ISBN9780313351174.
↑Venbrux, Eric; Quartier, Thomas; Venhorst, Claudia; Brenda Mathijssen (2013 թ․ սեպտեմբեր). Changing European Death Ways. LIT Verlag Münster. էջ 178. ISBN9783643900678. «Simultaneously the church tax, ministers being public servants, and the status of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark as the national church indicate that the state lends its support to the church.»
↑Britannicus (1834). The Church of England. էջ 17. «Having, in my last, arrive at the great points which I wished to establish--the apostolicity, independence, and authority of the Church of England; and that she is necessarily the National Church, because Christianity is the National Religion.»
↑Budiardjo, Carmel; Liong Liem, Soei (1984). The war against East Timor. Zed Books. ISBN9780862322281. «The disintegration of the Portuguese Catholic Church in East Timor accelerated the transformation of the Church into a national church.»
↑Elvy, Peter (1991). Opportunities and Limitations in Religious Broadcasting. Edinburgh: CTPI. էջ 23. ISBN9781870126151. «Denominationally Estonia is Lutheran. During the time of national independence (1918-1940), 80% of the population belonged to the Lutheran National Church, about 17% were Orthodox Christians and the rest belonged to Free Churches.»
↑Lorance, Cody (2008). Ethnographic Chicago. էջ 140. ISBN9780615218625. «Her findings show that the development of the national church of Ethiopia, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, which began in the fourth century and made Christianity the state religion of Ethiopia, was also a major contributor to national development in the fields of independence, social progress, national unity and empowerment, literary development, arts, architecture, music, publication, and declaration of a national language and leadership, both spiritually and military.»
↑Proctor, James (2013 թ․ մայիսի 13). Faroe Islands. Bradt Travel Guides. էջ 19. ISBN9781841624563. «Religion is important to the Faroese and 84% of the population belongs to the established national church in the islands, the Evangelical—Lutheran Foroya Kirkja, which has 61 churches in the Faroes and three out of every four marriages are held in one.»
↑Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. Britanncia Educational Publishing. 2013 թ․ հունիսի 1. էջ 77. ISBN9781615309955. «One of Finland's national churches is the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (Finnish: Suomen Evankelis—luterilainen—kirkko), or simply the Church of Finland.»
↑ 26,026,1Gelder, Craig Van (2008). The Missional Church and Denominations. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. էջ 71. ISBN9780802863584. «Germany's two churches (the National Church for the Protestants and the Roman Catholic Church) were "proper"with respect to their polities.»
↑Alex Kish, George (2011). The Origins of the Baptist Movement Among the Hungarians: A History of the Baptists in the Kingdom of Hungary From 1846 to 1893. BRILL. էջ 18. ISBN9789004211360. «the empire the Crown still championed Roman Catholicism as "the Hungarian national religion"»
↑Wilcox, Jonathan; Latif, Zawiah Abdul (2006 թ․ սեպտեմբերի 1). Iceland. Marshall Cavendish. էջ 85. ISBN9780761420743. «The National Church of Iceland, formally called the Evangelical-Lutheran Church, is the state religion, and the president of Iceland is its supreme authority.»
↑"The Roman Catholic Church is the State Church and as such enjoys the
full protection of the State; other confessions shall be entitled to practise their
creeds and to hold religious services to the extent consistent with morality
and public order."
Constitution Religion.Wayback Machine (արխիվացված 26 Մարտ 2009) (archived from the original on 2009-03-26).
↑Ricardo Hernández-Forcada, "The Effect of International Treaties on Religious Freedom in Mexico". 2002 BYU L. Rev. 301(202).<l. 35, Issue 4.
↑Roberto Blancarte, "Recent Changes in Church-State Relations in Mexico: An Historical Approach." Journal of Church & State, Autumn 1993, Vo-559 (1996).
↑Rae, Heather (2002 թ․ օգոստոսի 15). State Identities and the Homogenisation of Peoples. Cambridge University Press. էջ 278. ISBN9780521797085. «The creation of a national Church was also central to building national identity, with the Macedonian Orthodox Church (MOC) established in 1967, much to the outrage of the Serbian Orthodox Church.»
↑Cristofori, Rinaldo; Ferrari, Silvio (2013 թ․ փետրվարի 28). Law and Religion in the 21st Century: Relations between States and Religious Communities. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. էջ 194. ISBN9781409497332. «The State shall support all religious communities including the Church of Norway on an equal footing, but the Church of Norway shall 'remain the people's Church and is as such supported by the State', thereby upholding its function as a national Church.»
↑«Constitution of the Republic of Peru»(PDF). Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից(PDF) 2015 թ․ հուլիսի 24-ին. Վերցված է 2020 թ․ հունիսի 30-ին. «Within an independent and autonomous system, the State recognizes the Catholic Church as an important element in the historical, cultural, and moral formation of Peru and lends it its cooperation. The State respects other denominations and may establish forms of collaboration with them.»{{cite web}}: CS1 սպաս․ postscript (link)
↑«The Constitution of the Republic of Poland». 1997 թ․ ապրիլի 2. «The relations between the Republic of Poland and the Roman Catholic Church shall be determined by international treaty concluded with the Holy See, and by statute. The relations between the Republic of Poland and other churches and religious organizations shall be determined by statutes adopted pursuant to agreements concluded between their appropriate representatives and the Council of Ministers.»{{cite web}}: CS1 սպաս․ postscript (link)
↑Cornelio, Jayeel Serrano (2016 թ․ հուլիսի 12). Being Catholic in the Contemporary Philippines: Young People Reinterpreting Religion. Routledge. ISBN978-1138803343.
↑There is no official census of religion in Russia, and estimates are based on surveys only. In August 2012, ARENA determined that about 46.8% of Russians are Christians (including Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant, and non-denominational), which is slightly less than an absolute 50%+ majority. However, later that year the Levada CenterԱրխիվացված 2012-12-31 Wayback Machine determined that 76% of Russians are Christians, and in June 2013 the Public Opinion Foundation determined that 65% of Russians are Christians. These findings are in line with Pew's 2010 survey, which determined that 73.3% of Russians are Christians, with VTSIOMԱրխիվացված 2020-09-29 Wayback Machine's 2010 survey (~77% Christian), and with Ipsos MORIԱրխիվացված 2013-01-17 Wayback Machine's 2011 survey (69%).
↑Tomasevich, Jozo (1975 թ․ հունվարի 1). The Chetniks. Stanford University Press. էջ 176. ISBN9780804708579. «He also had the support of the Serbian Orthodox Church, which as a national church long identified with the national destiny and aspirations of the Serbian people was naturally inclined to identify itself with the movement that had the backing of the king and the Servian-dominated government-in-exile.»
↑Spanish Catholicism: an Historical Overview Stanley Payne - University Of Wisconsin Press - 1984 0299098044
↑Gilley, Sheridan; Stanley, Brian (2006). The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 8, World Christianities C.1815-c.1914. Cambridge University Press. էջ 354. ISBN9780521814560. «The Church of Sweden could be characterised as 'national church' or 'folk church', but not as 'state church', because the independence of the church was expressed by the establishment of a Church Assembly in 1863.»
↑West, Barbara A. (2009 թ․ հունվարի 1). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. Infobase Publishing. էջ 845. ISBN9781438119137. «A second important cultural feature of the Tuvaluan nation is the centrality of the national church, the Ekalesia o Tuvalu, or Church of Tuvalu, in which up to 97 percent of the population claims membership.»
↑Velychenko, Stephen (1992 թ․ հունվարի 1). National History as Cultural Process: A Survey of the Interpretations of Ukraine's Past in Polish, Russian, and Ukrainian Historical Writing from the Earliest Times to 1914. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press. էջ 199. ISBN9780920862759. «For this reason the Ukrainian Orthodox Church was the true democratic national church of the Ukrainian nation.»
↑Makari, Peter E. (2007). Conflict & Cooperation: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Egypt. Syracuse University Press. էջ 42. ISBN9780815631446. «The Coptic Orthodox Church is the historic, and national, church of Egypt and is deeply tied to a monastic tradition of spiritual growth and preparation for ministry of monks and nuns, a tradition that continues to thrive.»
↑B. Shelledy, Robert (2003). Legions Not Always Visible on Parade: The Vatican's Influence in World Politics. University of Wisconsin--Madison. «The Chaldean Church is located primarily in Iraq and functions in many ways like a national Orthodox Church.»
↑Ajami, Fouad (2012 թ․ մայիսի 30). The Syrian Rebellion. Hoover Press. էջ 70. ISBN9780817915063. «The Maronite Church is a national church. Its creed is attachment to Lebanon and its independence. The founding ethos of the Maronites is their migration from the Syrian plains to the freedom and "purity" of their home in Mount Lebanon.»
↑Barth, Ethnics, ed. Braun, transl. Bromiley, New York, 1981, p. 305.