Kaminaljuyu

Sebagian dari akropolis yang telah digali

Kaminaljuyu adalah sebuah situs peradaban Maya pada zaman pra-Kolumbus. Kota Kaminaljuyu terkubur di bawah Kota Guatemala. Situs ini telah disebut-sebut sebagai salah satu situs arkeologi terbesar di benua Amerika oleh Michael Coe,[1] walaupun peninggalan-peninggalan yang tersisa saat ini (beberapa gundukan) tidak terlihat begitu menarik bila dibandingkan dengan situs-situs Maya lainnya yang sering didatangi wisatawan. Situs ini pertama kali dipetakan secara ilmiah oleh E. M. Shook, dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 200 landasan dan gundukan piramida, dan paling tidak setengah dari antaranya didirikan sebelum berakhirnya zaman Praklasik (250 M).

Kota ini memiliki sejarah yang panjang. Kota ini didirikan pada zaman Praklasik Akhir dan ditinggalkan pada zaman Pascaklasik.

Catatan kaki

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  1. ^ Coe (2005, hlm. 52)

Bacaan lanjut

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  • Arroyo, Bárbara (2007a) The Naranjo Rescue Project: New Data from Preclassic Guatemala. http://www.famsi.org/reports/06109/index.html. Accessed 1/27/08
  • Arroyo, Bárbara (2007b) Proyecto de Rescate en Naranjo: Nuevos Datos de la Guatemala del Preclásico. http://www.famsi.org/reports/06109es/index.html. Accessed 1/27/08
  • Coe, Michael D. (2005). The Maya (edisi ke-7th). London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-28505-5. 
  • Braswell, Geoffrey E., ed. (2003) The Maya and Teotihuacan: Reinterpreting Early Classic Interaction. University of Texas Press, Austin
  • Brown, Kenneth L. (1977) Valley of Guatemala: A Highland Port of Trade. In Teotihuacan and Kaminaljuyu: A Study in Prehistoric Culture Contact, edited by William T. Sanders and Joseph W. Michels, pp. 205–396. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park
  • Kenneth G. Hirth (1978) Interregional Trade and the Formation of Prehistoric Gateway Communities. American Antiquity, 43 (1):35–45
  • Inomata, Takeshi, Raúl Ortiz, Bárbara Arroyo and Eugenia J. Robinson (2014) Chronological Revision of Preclassic Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala: Implications for Social Processes in the Southern Maya Area; Latin American Antiquity
  • Kaplan, Jonathan (2011) Kaminaljuyu: Corpse and Corpus Delicti. In The Southern Maya in the Late Preclassic: The Rise and Fall of an Early Mesoamerican Civilization; 279–343; Michael W. Love and Jonathan Kaplan, eds.; University Press of Colorado, Boulder ISBN 978-1-60732-093-7
  • Kaplan, Jonathan (2002) From Under the Volcanoes: the Ideology of Rulership at Late Preclassic Kaminaljuyú. In Incidents of Archaeology in Central America and Yucatán: Essays in Honor of Edwin M. Shook, Michael Love, Marion Popenoe de Hatch, and Héctor L. Escobedo A., eds.; 311–358; University Press of America, Lanham, Maryland
  • Kaplan, Jonathan (2000) Monument 65: A Great Emblematic Depiction of Throned Rule and Royal Sacrifice at Late Preclassic Kaminaljuyú. Ancient Mesoamerica 11(2):185–198
  • Kaplan, Jonathan (1995) The Incienso Throne, and Other Thrones from Kaminaljuyú, Guatemala: Late Preclassic Examples of a Mesoamerican Throne Tradition. Ancient Mesoamerica 6(2):185–196
  • Kidder, Alfred V.; Jesse D. Jennings; Edwin M. Shook (1978) [1946]. Excavations at Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala. originally Carnegie Institution of Washington Monograph Series, Publication 561. with technological notes by Anna O. Shepard (edisi ke-(Penn State reprint)). University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0-271-00535-1. 
  • Ohi, Kuniaki (1994) Kaminaljuyu. 2 vols. Museo del Tabaco y Sal, Tokio, Japan
  • Parsons, Lee A. (1986) The Origins of Maya Art: Monumental Stone Sculpture of Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala and the Southern Pacific Coast. Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology No. 28, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.
  • Popenoe de Hatch, Marion (1997) Kaminaljuyú/San Jorge. Evidencia Arqueológica de la Actividad Económica en el Valle de Guatemala, 300 a. C. a 300 d. C. Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala
  • Popenoe de Hatch, Marion (1993) Observaciones adicionales sobre las tradiciones Naranjo y Achiguate en la costa sur de Guatemala. In VI Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, edited by Juan Pedro Laporte, Héctor L. Escobedo, and Sandra Villagrán de Brady, pp. 353–358. Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes, Instituto de Antropología e Historia/Asociación Tikal, Guatemala
  • Sanders, William T. and Joseph Michels, eds. (1969) The Pennsylvania State University K’aminaljuyu Project: 1968 Season. Part 1: The Excavations. Occasional Papers in Anthropology No. 2. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
  • Sanders, William T. and Joseph Michels, eds. (1977) Teotihuacan and Kaminaljuyú: A Study in Culture Contact. The Pennsylvania State University Press Monograph Series on Kaminaljuyú. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
  • Sharer, Robert J. and David W. Sedat (1987) Archaeological Investigations in the Northern Maya Highlands, Guatemala: Interaction and the Development of Maya Civilization. University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
  • Shook, Edwin M. (1951) The Present Status of Research on the Preclassic Horizons in Guatemala. In The Civilizations of Ancient America, edited by Sol Tax, pp. 93–100. Proceedings of the 29th International Congress of Americanists, Volume 1. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
  • Shook, Edwin M. and Alfred V. Kidder (1952) Mound E-III-3, K’aminaljuyu, Guatemala. In Contributions to American Anthropology and History, Vol. 9 (53):33–127. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 596. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C.
  • Ugarte Rivera, René (2001) Reciente Descubrimiento en Kaminaljuyú, Quinta Samayoa, Zona 7: Estela 67 y Trono 68 Asociado al Montículo D-IV-2. In XIV Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, edited by Juan Pedro Laporte, Ana Claudia de Suasnávar, and Bárbara Arroyo, pp. 951–958. Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología, Guatemala
  • Valdés, Juan Antonio (1998) Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala: Descubrimientos recientes sobre poder y manejo hidráulico. In Memorias del Tercer Congreso Internacional de Mayistas, 1995, pp. 752–770. Centro de Estudias Mayas, UNAM, Mexico
  • Valdés, Juan Antonio and Jonathan Kaplan (2000) Ground-penetrating Radar at the Maya Site of K’aminaljuyu, Guatemala. Journal of Field Archaeology 27 (3):329-342
  • Villacorta C., J. Antonio (1955) Una página del Teo-Amoxtli en un bajo relieve de Kaminaljuyu. In Revista de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala No. XXXV: 135–144. Guatemala
  • Villacorta Calderón, José Antonio and Carlos Agusto Villacorta Vielman (1927) Arqueología guatemalteca: region de los cúes entre Guatemala y Mixco. In Anales de la Sociedad de Geografía e Historia 3:376–392. Guatemala
  • Villacorta Calderón, José Antonio and Carlos Agusto Villacorta Vielman (1930) Region de los cúes entre Guatemala y Mixco. In Arqueología Guatemalteca, pp. 33–64. Tipografía Nacional, Guatemala
  • Villacorta Vielman, Carlos Agusto (1927) Vestigios de un edificio arcáico, Miraflores, Kaminaljuyu. In Anales de la Sociedad de Geografía e Historia 4:51–64. Guatemala