Âu Lạc

Âu Lạc (Hán tự: 甌貉/ 甌駱/ 甌雒; Tionghoa pinyin: Ōu Luò; Wade–Giles: Wu1-lo4 Bahasa Tionghoa Pertengahan (ZS): *ʔəu-*lɑk̚ < Bahasa Tionghoa Kuno *ʔô-râk[1][2]) merupakan kerajaan kuno yang meliputi bagian Guangxi modern dan Vietnam utara hingga Deretan Hoành Sơn.[3] Didirikan pada 257 SM, wilayah ini adalah penggabungan dari bekas negara bagian Ouyue (Âu Việt) dan (Lạc Việt)[4] Dinasti Hồng Bàng tetapi menyerah pada negara bagian Nanyue pada 180 SM, yang akhirnya ditaklukkan oleh Dinasti Han.[5][6] Ibu kotanya berada di Benteng Cổ Loa, kira-kira 17 kilometer utara Hanoi saat ini, di dataran atas utara sungai Merah.[7]

Galeria

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  • Âu Việt (Xi Ou) dan Lạc Việt (Luo Yue) di map
    Âu Việt (Xi Ou) dan Lạc Việt (Luo Yue) di map
  • Nekara Dong Son di Cổ Loa
    Nekara Dong Son di Cổ Loa
  • Ubin atap keramik ditemukan di Benteng Cổ Loa, 212-154 SM
    Ubin atap keramik ditemukan di Benteng Cổ Loa, 212-154 SM
  • Kapak bermata persegi dengan hiasan rusa pemburu anjing, budaya Dong Son, 500 SM-0.
    Kapak bermata persegi dengan hiasan rusa pemburu anjing, budaya Dong Son, 500 SM-0.
  • Potongan baju besi pipih perunggu Đông Sơn, abad ke-XXX - I SM
    Potongan baju besi pipih perunggu Đông Sơn, abad ke-XXX - I SM
  • Belati perunggu, Budaya Dong Son, 500 SM - 0.
    Belati perunggu, Budaya Dong Son, 500 SM - 0.
  • Cincin kaki terbuat dari perunggu yang berasal dari 500 SM-0.
    Cincin kaki terbuat dari perunggu yang berasal dari 500 SM-0.
  • Kerbau dan petani, 500 SM
    Kerbau dan petani, 500 SM
  • Dasar lampu perunggu
    Dasar lampu perunggu
  • Tombak dan pedang, abad ke-III SM
    Tombak dan pedang, abad ke-III SM
  • Panah perunggu ditemukan di Benteng Cổ Loa
    Panah perunggu ditemukan di Benteng Cổ Loa

Lihat pula

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Referensi

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  1. ^ Schuessler 2007, hlm. 372.
  2. ^ Schuessler 2007, hlm. 506.
  3. ^ Đào Duy Anh 2016, hlm. 32.
  4. ^ SarDesai 2005, hlm. 11.
  5. ^ Hoàng 2007, hlm. 12.
  6. ^ Dutton, Werner & Whitmore 2012, hlm. 9.
  7. ^ Nam C. Kim 2015, hlm. 18.

Daftar pustaka

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  • Baldanza, Kathlene (2016). Ming China and Vietnam: Negotiating Borders in Early Modern Asia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316-44055-1.
  • Brindley, Erica (2015). Ancient China and the Yue: Perceptions and Identities on the Southern Frontier, C.400 BCE-50 CE. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-110-70847-8-0.
  • Buttinger, Joseph (1958). The Smaller Dragon: A Political History of Vietnam. Praeger Publishers.
  • Chapuis, Oscar (1995). A History of Vietnam: From Hong Bang to Tu Duc. Greenwood Press. ISBN 03132-9-622-7.
  • Demattè, Paola (June 2015). "Travel and landscape: the Zuo River Valley rock art of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China". Antiquity. 89 (345): 613–628. doi:10.15184/aqy.2014.49.
  • De Vos, George A.; Slote, Walter H., ed. (1998). Confucianism and the Family. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-791-43735-3.
  • George E. Dutton (2006). The Tay Son Uprising: Society and Rebellion in Eighteenth-Century Vietnam. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-82482-984-1.
  • Dutton, George; Werner, Jayne; Whitmore, John K., ed. (2012). Sources of Vietnamese Tradition. Introduction to Asian Civilizations. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13862-8.
  • Đào Duy Anh (2016) [First published 1964]. Đất nước Việt Nam qua các đời: nghiên cứu địa lý học lịch sử Việt Nam (dalam bahasa Vietnam). Nha Nam. ISBN 978-604-94-8700-2.
  • Đào Duy Anh (2020) [First published 1958]. Lịch sử Việt Nam: Từ nguồn gốc đến cuối thế kỷ XIX (dalam bahasa Vietnam). Hanoi Publishing House. ISBN 978-604-556-114-0.
  • Ferlus, Michael (2009). "A Layer of Dongsonian Vocabulary in Vietnamese". Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society. 1: 95–108.
  • Hoàng, Anh Tuấn (2007). Silk for Silver: Dutch-Vietnamese Rerlations ; 1637 - 1700. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-15601-2.
  • Higham, Charles (1989). The archaeology of mainland Southeast Asia. Cambridge University Press.
  • Higham, Charles (1996). The Bronze Age of Southeast Asia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56505-7.
  • Kelley, Liam C. (2014), "Constructing Local Narratives: Spirits, Dreams, and Prophecies in the Medieval Red River Delta", dalam Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, John K. (ed.), China's Encounters on the South and Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier Over Two Millennia, United States: Brills, hlm. 78–106
  • Kiernan, Ben (2019). Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-190-05379-6.
  • Kim, Nam C.; Lai, Van Toi; Trinh, Hoang Hiep (2010). "Co Loa: an investigation of Vietnam's ancient capital". Antiquity. 84 (326): 1011–1027. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00067041. S2CID 162065918.
  • Kim, Nam C. (2015). The Origins of Ancient Vietnam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-199-98089-5.
  • Kim, Nam C. (2020), "A Pathway to Emergent Social Complexity and State Power: A View from Southeast Asia", dalam Bondarenko, Dmitri M.; Kowalewski, Stephen A.; Small, David B. (ed.), The Evolution of Social Institutions. World-Systems Evolution and Global Futures, Springer Publishing, hlm. 225–253, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51437-2_10, ISBN 978-3-030-51436-5
  • Leeming, David (2001). A Dictionary of Asian Mythology. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195120523.
  • Li, Tana (2011), "A Geopolitical Overview", dalam Li, Tana; Anderson, James A. (ed.), The Tongking Gulf Through History, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, hlm. 1–25
  • Li, Tana (2011), "Jiaozhi (Giao Chỉ) in the Han Period Tongking Gulf", dalam Li, Tana; Anderson, James A. (ed.), The Tongking Gulf Through History, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, hlm. 39–53, ISBN 978-0-812-20502-2
  • Loewe, Michael (1986), "The Former Han dynasty", dalam Twitchett, Denis C.; Fairbank, John King (ed.), The Cambridge History of China: Volume 1, The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC-AD 220, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, hlm. 110–128
  • McLeod, Mark; Nguyen, Thi Dieu (2001). Culture and Customs of Vietnam. Greenwood (dipublikasikan June 30, 2001). ISBN 978-0-313-36113-5.
  • Miksic, John Norman; Yian, Go Geok (2016). Ancient Southeast Asia. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-317-27903-7.
  • Milburn, Olivia (2010). The Glory of Yue: An Annotated Translation of the Yuejue shu. Sinica Leidensia. Vol. 93. Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90474-4-399-5.
  • O’Harrow, Stephen (1979). "From Co-loa to the Trung Sisters' Revolt: VIET-NAM AS THE CHINESE FOUND IT". Asian Perspectives. 22 (2): 140–164. JSTOR 42928006 – via JSTOR.
  • Jamieson, Neil L (1995). Understanding Vietnam. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520201576.
  • SarDesai, D. R. (2005). Vietnam, Past and Present. Avalon Publishing. ISBN 978-0-813-34308-2.
  • Schafer, Edward Hetzel (1967), The Vermilion Bird: T'ang Images of the South, Los Angeles: University of California Press
  • Schuessler, Axel. (2007). An Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese. University of Hawaii Press.
  • Taylor, Keith Weller (1983). The Birth of the Vietnam. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-07417-0.
  • Taylor, Keith Weller (2013). A History of the Vietnamese. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87586-8.
  • Terry F. Kleeman (1998). Ta Chʻeng, Great Perfection – Religion and Ethnicity in a Chinese Millennial Kingdom. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-1800-8.
  • Watson, Burton (1961). Records Of The Grand Historian Of China. Columbia University Press.
  • Wu, Chunming; Rolett, Barry Vladimir (2019). Prehistoric Maritime Cultures and Seafaring in East Asia. Springer Singapore. ISBN 978-9813292567.
  • Yu, Ying-shih (1986), "Han foreign relations", dalam Twitchett, Denis C.; Fairbank, John King (ed.), The Cambridge History of China: Volume 1, The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC-AD 220, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, hlm. 377–463

Pranala luar

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