Alex Comfort


Alex Comfort

Alexander Comfort (10 Febụwarị 1920 26 Machị 2000) bụ onye sayensị na dọkịta Britain nke a maara nke ọma maka akwụkwọ ntuziaka mmekọahụ ya, The Joy of Sex (1972). Ọ bụ onye dere ma akụkọ ifo na nke na-abụghị akụkọ ifo, yana onye na-ahụ maka gerontologist, anarchist, pacifist, na onye jụrụ n'ihi akọ na uche.

Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ

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Comfort gụrụ akwụkwọ na Highgate School na London. Mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ n'ebe ahụ, ọ gbalịrị ịmepụta ihe ka mma nke ntụ égbè. N'oge nnwale ya, ọ gbagburu aka ekpe ya n'amaghị ama, nke naanị mkpịsị aka ukwu fọdụrụ. O mechara kwuo na aka ekpe ya gosipụtara "nke bara ezigbo uru maka ime mgbanwe akpa nwa".[1]

Comfort nwere mmasị na molluscs, wee sonye na Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ. O nyere ọtụtụ onyinye na akwụkwọ.[2]

Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Trinity College, Cambridge ma mụọ ọgwụ, na-eru eru na 1944 na diplọma nke Licentiate nke Royal College of Physicians (LRCP) London, onye otu Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS) England, na Bachelor of Medicine na Bachelor of Surgery ma ọ bụ MB BChir.

Ndụ na ọrụ

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Ọ pụtara (n'etiti) na After Dark na 1989

Comfort jere ozi dị ka dọkịta ụlọ na London Hospital ma mesịa ghọọ onye nkuzi na physiology na London Hospital Medical College. N'afọ 1945 ọ nwetara diplọma Conjoint Board na Child Health, wee gaa n'ihu na PhD na 1950 na DSc nke University College, London na 1963.[3]

A pacifist, Comfort considered himself "an aggressive anti-militarist", and he believed that pacifism rested "solely upon the historical theory of anarchism".[4] During World War Two, Comfort wrote a letter to the Tribune (2 April 1943) denouncing the Allied bombing of civilians:

Bọmbụ nke Europe abụghị ọrụ ndị agha ma ọ bụ ndị ọchịchị nwere ọrụ. Ọ bụ ọrụ nke ndị nzuzu na-achọ ọbara. ... N'abalị na abalị, ndị Europe na-etinye nnwere onwe ha n'ihe ize ndụ iji gee ntị nwere ike ịnụ egwu na mpako nke ndị nkịtị nwere obi ọbara na ndị na-emeghachi omume. Ha na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti alacrity na afọ ojuju nke na-aga ọrụ ọ bụla a na-eleda anya na aghụghọ na umengwụ nke anyị gosipụtara n'ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ nke iwu dị mma dị ka nnabata na ebe nsọ nke ndị Juu gbara ọsọ ndụ.

N'akwụkwọ ozi o degaara Horizon na afọ 1942 Comfort kwuru na mmeri ndị Nazi meriri United Kingdom ga-eduga n'ịlọghachi akwụkwọ, nke George Orwell katọrọ ya n'ụzọ siri ike na Partisan Review.[5] Comfort bụ onye otu Peace Pledge Union (PPU) na Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, na onye jụrụ n'ihi akọ na uche na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. N'afọ 1951, Comfort bụ onye bịanyere aka na Authors' World Peace Appeal, mana o mechara gbaa arụkwaghịm na kọmitii ya, na-azọrọ na ndị na-akwado Soviet na-achịkwa AWPA. Ka e mesịrị n'ime afọ iri ahụ, ọ kwadoro ma Kọmitii Direct Action megide Agha Nuklia, 1957, na Kọmitii nke 100, 1960. A tụrụ Comfort mkpọrọ otu ọnwa, ya na Bertrand Russell na ndị ọzọ na-eduga na Kọmitii nke 100, maka ịjụ ka a ghara ịga n'ihu na-ahazi ngagharị iwe Parliament Square / Trafalgar Square nke mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 1961.

N'etiti akwụkwọ Comfort dere banyere anarchism bụ Peace and Disobedience (1946), otu n'ime ọtụtụ akwụkwọ nta o dere maka Peace News na PPU, na Authority and Delinquency in the Modern State (1950).[4] Ya na George Orwell na-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi ọha na eze na-agbachitere pacifism na akwụkwọ ozi / uri, "Akwụkwọ ozi nye onye ọbịa America", n'okpuru aha "Obadiah Hornbrooke".[6]

Akwụkwọ Comfort bụ The Joy of Sex (1972) mere ka ọ bụrụ onye a ma ama n'ụwa niile na $ 3 nde. Mana obi adịghị ya ụtọ na a maara ya dị ka "Dr. Sex" na ka e nye obere nlebara anya n'ọrụ ya ndị ọzọ.[7]

Comfort tinyere ọtụtụ n'ime afọ 1950 na 1960 iji mụọ ihe ọmụmụ nke ịka nká (biogerontology) ma mee ka isiokwu ahụ bụrụ ihe a ma ama. N'afọ 1969, ọ tụrụ aro na a ga-agbatị afọ ndụ (ọ bụghị naanị afọ ndụ kachasị elu) ruo afọ 120 n'ime afọ 20 sochirinụ.[4] Ọ bụ ezie na Comfort kwenyere na enwere ike iwepụ ịka nká, o kwetaghị na enwere ike wepụ ya, o deghịkwa banyere ime ka ọ dị ọhụrụ.[8]

N'afọ 1989, Comfort pụtara ogologo oge na mmemme mkparịta ụka telivishọn After Dark, n'akụkụ, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, Ian McColl na David Widgery.

Otu n'ime akwụkwọ ozi ikpeazụ Comfort degaara The Guardian na 1989, na-eme mkpesa megide iwebata ụtụ isi nke gọọmentị Thatcher.

Ndụ onwe onye

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Nkume ncheta nke Dr Alexander Comfort na nwunye ya Jane (onye a mụrụ) Henderson

The Joy of Sex mere ka Comfort mara n'ụwa niile dị ka "Dr. Sex" ma n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ya na nwunye ya gbara alụkwaghịm afọ iri atọ. Mgbe ọnwa ole na ole gachara, n'afọ 1973, Comfort lụrụ onye isi ya (na ezigbo enyi nwunye mbụ ya) Jane Henderson, onye ya na ya nwere mmekọahụ ihe karịrị afọ iri. Ihe osise nke akwụkwọ ahụ dabeere na foto ndị Comfort na Henderson wepụtara ọnụ. The Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha nke nwere onwe ya, nyere Comfort ọrụ, ya mere, n'afọ 1973, di na nwunye ahụ kwagara Santa Barbara, California, ebe ọ dị.[1]

Ha na-agakarị Sandstone Retreat, obodo ejiji na California na-akwado, "mmekọahụ na-emeghe", ma ọ bụ na-agbagharị. N'akwụkwọ ya na-abụghị akụkọ ifo n'afọ 1981 gbasara mmekọahụ na America, nwunye onye agbata obi gị, Gay Talese kwuru, sị, "Ọtụtụ mgbe onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị dị ndụ Dr. Alex Comfort, na-ebu sịga, na-agafe n'ime ụlọ dị n'etiti ahụ ndị dị ala na ikuku ọkachamara nke lepidopterist na-agagharị n'ọhịa na-efegharị ụgbụ. "[1]

Otú ọ dị, Jane Henderson mechara bụrụ ike gwụrụ obodo "ịhụnanya mepere emepe" ma Comfort sonyeere onye were ya n'ọrụ n'okwu ikpe gbasara mmebi nkwekọrịta. N'afọ 1985, di na nwunye ahụ laghachiri England, ebe ha biri ndụ ha fọdụrụ na Kent.

N'afọ 1991, Comfort nwere nnukwu ọbara ọgbụgba n'ụbụrụ, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, nwa ya nwoke site na alụmdi na nwunye mbụ ya rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nlekọta ya na onye njikwa azụmahịa. Nwunye ya nke abụọ Jane Henderson nwụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọbara ọgbụgba ahụ gasịrị. Ọ nwụrụ ka mkpụrụ ụbọchị Machị dị na iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa n'afọ 2000; ọ dị afọ iri asatọ.[1]

Akụkụ nke akwụkwọ

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  • Enweghị Nnwere Onwe Dị otú ahụ (1941) Akwụkwọ akụkọ
  • Ndị na-ede uri ọhụrụ atọ (1942) Alex Comfort, Roy McFadden, Ian Serraillier
  • A Wreath for the Living (1942)
  • Elegies (1944)
  • The Power House (1944) akwụkwọ akụkọ
  • Abụ Lazarọs (1945)
  • Outlaw of the Lowest Planet nke Kenneth Patchen (1946) ː Nkwupụta nke Alex Comfort
  • Nkà na Ọrụ Ọha (1946)
  • Ihe mgbaàmà a ga-etinye n'ọrụ (1946)
  • Udo na Nnupụisi (1946) Akwụkwọ nta (nke e bipụtara na 1994 na Against Power and Death)[4]
  • Barbarism na Nnwere Onwe Mmekọahụ (1948)
  • On This Side Nothing (1949) akwụkwọ akụkọ, nke Albert Camus metụtara, onye ọrụ ya Comfort masịrị
  • Ikike na mpụ na steeti nke oge a (1950)
  • Omume Mmekọahụ na Society (1950) na-abụghị akụkọ ifo
  • Hygromia cinctella (Draparnaud) na England. (1950) Journal of Conchology. 23: 99ʹ100.
  • Biochemistry nke ihe na-acha uhie uhie nke mkpokoro mkpokoro. Proc malac Soc London. 28: 7985.
  • Na Ihe niile ma ọ bụghị na ọ hapụrụ (1951)
  • A Giant's Strength (1952) Akwụkwọ akụkọ
  • The Biology of Senescence (1956) bụ akụkọ ifo
  • Come Out to Play (1961) Akwụkwọ akụkọ
  • Mmasị Agbamakwụkwọ (1962)
  • Darwin na nwanyị gba ọtọ (1962) Isiokwu ndị a
  • Mmekọahụ n'ime Ọha (1963)
  • Ịka nká na Biology of Senescence (1964)
  • Koka Shastra, ịbụ Ratirahasya nke Kokkota, na ihe odide ndị ọzọ nke India na-ahụ n'anya (George Allen & Unwin, 1964; onye ntụgharị)
  • Usoro ịka nká (1965)
  • The Nature of Human Nature bụ akụkọ ifo (US mbipụta Harper & Row 1966)
  • Ọṅụ nke Mmekọahụ: Ntuziaka Gourmet maka Lovemaking (1972)
  • More Joy of Sex: a Lovemaking Companion to The Joy of Sex (1973)
  • Bịa Ịkpọ Egwuregwu (1975)
  • Oge Dị Mma (1976)
  • Abụ maka Jane (1979)
  • Eziokwu nke Ịhụnanya: Ndụ, Ịhụnanya na Ịzụlite Ndị na-ebipụta Crown (1980)
  • M na nke ahụ: Ihe edeturu na Biology nke Okpukpe (1980)
  • Tetrarch (1981)-akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo nke William Blake kpaliri
  • Eziokwu na ọmịiko: Physics, Mind, na Science na narị afọ nke 21 (1984)
  • Imperial Patient (1987) Akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme banyere Nero
  • The Philosophers (1989) bụ satire nke Gọọmentị Thatcher mere n'ọdịnihu.[9]
  • Ọṅụ Ọhụrụ nke Mmekọahụ: Ntuziaka Gourmet maka Lovemaking maka Iri Abụọ (1992)
  • Ihe odide megide Ike na Ọnwụ (1994)
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ndị na-akpata nchegbu: ụfọdụ nchegbu na-adọrọ mmasị nke ọrụ ahụike. Nelson
  • Ndepụta nke ndị na-eme udo
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Levy. "Doing It: A new edition of "The Joy of Sex."", The New Yorker, 5 January 2009. Retrieved on 2 July 2012.
  2. ↑ Dance (2010). "Comfort and Joy Among the Snails of Chaldon". Mollusc World (24). Retrieved on 17 September 2015. 
  3. ↑ (1969) The Medical Directory 1969, 125, London: J & A Churchill. ISBN 978-0-7000-1400-2. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Rayner. "News: Obituaries: Alex Comfort", The Guardian, 28 March 2000. Retrieved on 23 August 2008.
  5. ↑ George Orwell: Pacifism and the War.
  6. ↑ Complete Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell volume II, pg. 294–303
  7. ↑ Martin. "Alex Comfort, 80, Dies; a Multifaceted Man Best Known for Writing 'The Joy of Sex'", The New York Times, 20 March 2000. Retrieved on 23 August 2008.
  8. ↑ Gerontology A Good Age by Alex Comfort. Trivia-Library.com (1975–1981). Archived from the original on 20 July 2008. Retrieved on 23 August 2008.
  9. ↑ Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, by John Clute and Peter Nicholls, (1993). pg. 287.

Njikọ mpụga

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  • AlexComfort.net ederede zuru ezu nke 'Authority and Delinquency' na 'M na nke ahụ: Ihe edeturu na Biology nke Okpukpe'
  • Akụkọ ndụ nke Alex Comfort na-elebara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị anarchist ya anya
  • Lee Alex Comfort Page na Anarchist Encyclopedia
  • Akụkọ ọnwụ nke Guardian
  • Akwụkwọ nkasi obi na Mahadum College London