Asụsụ Talodi-Heiban
| obere ụdị nke | Asụsụ Atlantic-Congo  |
|---|
Asụsụ Talodi-Heiban bụ alaka a na-atụ aro nke ezinụlọ Niger-Congo, nke a na-asụ na Ugwu Nuba nke Sudan. A na-eche na asụsụ Talodi na Heiban nwere njikọ chiri anya site na Dimmendaal, [1] ọ bụ ezie na Glottolog 4.4 anaghị anabata ịdị n'otu nke Talodi-Heiban na-echere ihe akaebe ọzọ. [2]
Nchịkọta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Roger Blench (2016) na-ekwu na alaka Talodi na Heiban nwere ọtụtụ ihe yiri ya, mana ihe yiri ya ole na ole. Blench (2016) na-ewere Talodi na Heiban dị ka alaka dị iche iche, nke nwere onwe ya na Niger-Congo nke mechara gbakọta n'ihi mmekọrịta.
Talodi na Heiban bụ otu nke alaka Kordofanian nke Niger-Congo nke Joseph Greenberg (1963) kwuru; A na-akpọkwa Talodi-Masakin, a na-akpọkwara Heiban Koalib ma ọ bụ Koalib-Moro. Roger Blench na-ekwu na ezinụlọ Talodi na Heiban nwere usoro aha nke Atlantic-Congo nke Niger-Congo, mana na Asụsụ Katla (alaka ọzọ nke Kordofanian) enweghị ihe ọ bụla na-egosi na ha nwere usoro dị otú ahụ, ebe Asụsụ Kadu na ụfọdụ n'ime Asụsụ Rashad yiri ka ha nwetara klas aha dị ka akụkụ nke Sprachbund, kama ịnata ha. Ọ kwubiri na asụsụ Kordofanian abụghị otu usoro ọmụmụ, mana na Talodi-Heiban bụ isi Niger-Congo, ebe Katla na Rashad mejupụtara alaka dịpụrụ adịpụ (ma ọ bụ ma eleghị anya alaka) n'akụkụ Mande. Asụsụ Kadu nwere ike ịbụ Nilo-Saharan.
Mmekọrịta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nkwekọrịta okwu n'etiti Proto-Heiban na Proto-Talodi dị ka Blench si kwuo (2016): [3]
| Nkọwa | Proto-Heiban | Proto-Talodi |
|---|---|---|
| afọ | *k-aaRi / ɲ- | *C-a[a]rәk / kә- |
| akọrọ | *Ø-undu / k- | *Øandu[k] / t~k |
| ntị | *k-ɛɛni / ɲ- | *k-ɛ[ɛ]nu / Ø- |
| ọkụ | *iiga | *t̪-ɪ[ɪ]k / ḷ- |
| nye | *N-d̪ɛ-d̪í | *N-d̪í |
| afọ | *t̪-y / n̪-u | *t-u[u]k / n- |
| nụ | *g-aani / n- | *g-eenu / w- |
| oghere | *li-buŋul / 33- | *t-ʊbʊ / n- |
| mpi | *l-uuba / ŋ- | *t~C-uubʊk / n~m- |
| n'akụkụ aka ekpe | *t̪-agur | *Ø-gʊlɛ / C- |
| aha | *C-iriɲ | *k-әḷәŋaŋ / N~Ø- |
| ịdọrọ | *Ude̪i | *aadu |
| uhie | *k- Ubi | Ọdịdị |
| eriri | *d̪-aar / ŋw- | *t̪-ɔ[ɔ]ḷәk / ḷ- |
| obere | *-itti (ɲ) | *ɔt̪t̪ɛ (ŋ) |
| kpakpando | *l-ʊrʊm / ŋ- | *C-ɔ[ɔ]d̪ɔt̪ / m |
| nkume | *k-adɔl / y- | *p-әd̪ɔk / m |
| ire | *d̪-iŋgәla / r- | *t̪-ʊlọn / ḷ- |
| ezé | *l-iŋgat / y- | *C-әɲi[t] / k- |
| nku | *k-ibɔ / ̆- | *k-ʊbɪ / Ø- |
Nkọwapụta aha n'etiti Proto-Heiban na Proto-Talodi dị ka Blench si kwuo (2016): [3]
| Aha | Proto-Heiban | Proto-Talodi |
|---|---|---|
| Ndị mmadụ | *kw,gw-/l- | *p,b-/Ø- |
| Osisi na osisi | *k,g/y- | *p-/k- |
| Ihe ndị gbara gburugburu, akụkụ ahụ dị mkpa | *li-/ŋw- | * * * * m- |
| Akụkụ ahụ ndị yiri ibe ha | *l-/j- | *K- |
| Ihe ndị dị ogologo, ihe ndị dị arọ | *ð-/r- | *t/n |
| Obere ihe, anụmanụ | *ŋ-, t-/ɲ- | *ŋ-/ɲ- |
| Mmiri | *ŋ- | *ŋ- |
| Ndị a na-apụghị ịgụta ọnụ, [ájá, ahịhịa] | *k- | *t- |
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ndị Heiban Nuba
- Ndị Talodi
- Ndepụta nke Proto-Talodi reconstructions (Wiktionary)
- Ndepụta nke Proto-Heiban reconstructions (Wiktionary)
Ihe edeturu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Gerrit Dimmendaal, 2008. "Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continent", Language and Linguistics Compass 2/5:842.
- ↑ Güldemann (2018). "Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa", in Güldemann: The Languages and Linguistics of Africa, The World of Linguistics series. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 58–444. DOI:10.1515/9783110421668-002. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Blench, Roger. 2016. Do Heiban and Talodi form a genetic group and how are they related to Niger-Congo?.
- Roger Blench A naghị ebipụta ya. Kordofanian na Niger-Congo: ihe akaebe ọhụrụ na nke e degharịrị edegharị.
- Roger Blench, 2011, Kpọọrọ Kordofaani nkewa?Kordofaani kwesịrị kewaa?, Nzukọ Nuba Hills, Leiden
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2016. Heiban na Talodi bụ otu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na otu ha si nwee njikọ na Niger-Congo?.