Asụsụ Zamucoan

 

Zamucoan (nke a na-akpọkwa Samúkoan) Ọ bụ obere asụsụ ezinụlọ nke Paraguay (n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Chaco) na Bolivia (Ngalaba Santa Cruz Santa).

Ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ amụbeghị ezinụlọ ahụ (dịka nke Adelaar & Muysken 2004) , ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ọmụmụ apụtawo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya (lee: Bertinetto 2009, 2010, 2013; Ciucci 2007/08, 2009, 2010a, 2010b, 2013a, 2013b). Nnyocha ndị e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na asụsụ Zamucoan bụ ihe e ji mara nhazi okwu na-adịghị ahụkebe nke a na-akpọ para-hypotaxis, ebe a na-eji nhazi na ịnọ n'okpuru n'otu oge iji jikọta ahịrịokwu (Bertinetto & Ciucci 2012).

Extant asụsụ Asụsụ ndị dị ugbu a

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Zamucoan nwere asụsụ abụọ dị ndụ:

  • Ayoreo (nke a makwaara dị ka Zamuco, Ayoré, Moro, Ayoréo, Ayoweo, Samuko, Morotoco, Pyeta, Yovai) - ndị ọkà okwu 3,160.
  • Chamacoco (nke a makwaara dị ka Bahía Negra, Ebidoso, Tumarahá, Chamakoko, Ebitoso, Ishiro, Jeywo) - ndị ọkà okwu 2,000

Mmekọrịta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa

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Site na ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Zamucoan, asụsụ Zamucoan dị ndụ yiri ka ha nwere ọtụtụ ndị ikwu, nwụọ ugbu a na-adịghịzi.

Ọ bụghị ihe doro anya ma ọ bụrụ na ndị a bụ asụsụ dị iche iche, ma ọ bụ ọbụna na ha bụ Zamucoan, mana Mason (1950) [1] depụtara ha dị ka ndị a: [2]  

Okwu

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Loukotka (1968) depụtara ihe ndị a bụ isi okwu maka ụdị asụsụ Zamucoan.[3]

ịma mma Zamuco Ayoré Guarañoca Onye na-ere ite Morotoco Siracua Chamacoco Ezigbo ihe Tumrahá
otu Chomara choxmára chumana chumana sumara somraha tohok tonhok
abụọ gar Garra gar ogar gapebe Osia eshara Osia
atọ gadiok gadok adiska oagadioka gaedopebe aorliet pelpe ahriet-tohok
isi ya-toitak Ugbu a ya-toita Ya-ihe niile taa hoté Ọ bụ n'oge a ho
anya unu-eze yeː-do ye-dodia unu-doy ye-do dlyóki-dodye dị ka ya erupi ulu
ntị ya-gorone Ya-gorone ya-noenia Ya-goroné ya-gorod dlyóki-goroni parhi áhre ahri
ire N'oge a lara ezumike nká ya-reta N'oge a lara ezumike nká ya na Arhik orahü kehrik
mmiri yod yot yodite yod yod N'ụzọ dị njọ niogo Niodat
ọkụ piok piok piok piok pioko pió Ierjú erhúe naúsere
nkume kukarat kukarat kukanane kukaranay kukarad kukáni kukret' oysterp kukáni
anyanwụ giede guéde nduzi n'oge gara aga giede gete Ọ gara ebe ahụ dei yite
ọka guehena gueːxnai guexa guehena nduzi geshna taguri takurü okpu

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ Mason (1950). "The languages of South America", in Steward: Handbook of South American Indians. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143, 157–317. 
  2. ↑ Fabre 2007:3–5
  3. ↑ Loukotka (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center. 

Akwụkwọ

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  • Adelaar, Willem F. H.; & Muysken, Pieter C. (2004). Asụsụ ndị dị na Andes. Nnyocha asụsụ Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ayoreo (Zamuco) Ihe osise ụtọ asụsụ. Quaderni del laboratorio di Linguistica 8 n.s. (Online version: <http://linguistica.sns.it/QLL/QLL09.htm>).
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Otu asụsụ Zamuco si emeso ngwaa. Quaderni del Laboratorio di Linguistica 9,1 n.s. (Online version: <http://linguistica.sns.it/QLL/QLL10.htm>).
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ayoreo (Zamuco) dị ka asụsụ na-enweghị ụda. Quaderni del Laboratorio di Linguistica 12 n.s. (Online version: <http://linguistica.sns.it/QLL/QLL13.htm>)
  • Bertinetto, Pier Marco & Luca Ciucci 2012. Parataxis, Hypotaxis na Para-Hypotaxis na Asụsụ Zamucoan. Na: Linguistic Discovery 10.1: 89-111.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1997). Asụsụ ndị American Indian: Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke asụsụ ndị American Indian. New York: Oxford University Press.   ISBN 0-19-509427-1. 
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Indagini sulla morfologia verbale nella lingua ayoreo. Quaderni del Laboratorio di Linguistica della Scuola Normale Superiore 7 n.s. (Online version: <http://linguistica.sns.it/QLL/QLL07_08.htm>)
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Elementi di morfologia verbale nke chamacoco. Quaderni del Laboratorio di Linguistica della Scuola Normale Superiore 8 n.s. (Online version: <http: linguistica.sns.it="" qll="" qll09.htm="">) </http:>
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Beefsione possessiva dell'ayoreo. Quaderni del Laboratorio di Linguistica della Scuola Normale Superiore 9,2 n.s. (Online version: <http: linguistica.sns.it="" qll="" qll10.htm="">) </http:>
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Beensione possessiva nke chamacoco. Quaderni del Laboratorio di Linguistica della Scuola Normale Superiore 9,2 n.s. (Online version: <http: linguistica.sns.it="" qll="" qll10.htm="">) </http:>
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Mgbanwe ọdịdị n'asụsụ Zamucoan. Pisa: Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. Ph.D. Thesis.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Chamacoco lexicographical supplement. Quaderni del Laboratorio di Linguistica della Scuola Normale Superiore 12 n.s. (Online version: <http: linguistica.sns.it="" qll="" qll13.htm="">) </http:>
  • Fabre, Alain (maka ịpụta, 2005). Ndị obodo nke Gran Chaco na asụsụ ha, akụkụ nke anọ: Ndị zamuco. Suplemento Antropológico, Asunción.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1990). Akụkọ asụsụ na South America: Ihe anyị maara na otu esi ama ihe ndị ọzọ. Na D. L. Payne (Ed.), Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages (pp. 13-67).  Austin: Mahadum nke Texas Press.   ISBN 0-292-70414-3. 
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1994). Asụsụ ala nke South America. Na C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46-76).  London: Routledge.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Ishiʹro (Chamacoco) - Spanish, Spanish - Ishiʹro. Asuncion: Misión a Nuevas Tribus Paraguay.

Njikọ ndị dị n'èzí

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Àtụ:Language families