Asụsụ Arhuaco

Arhuaco
Ikʉ
A mụrụ ya  Colombia
Agbụrụ 14,800 Arhuacos (2001) [1]
Ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala
 8,000 (2009)[2] 
Chibchan
  • Arwako-Chimila
    • Asụsụ Arwako
      • Arhuaco
Koodu asụsụ
ISO 639-3 arh
Glottolog arhu1242
ELP Ica
Isiokwu a nwere akara ụdaolu IPA. Enweghị nkwado nsụgharị kwesịrị ekwesị, ị nwere ike ịhụ Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Specials (Unicode block)">akara ajụjụ, igbe, ma ọ bụ akara ndị ọzọ kama mkpụrụedemede Unicode. Maka ntuziaka mmeghe na akara IPA, lee Help:IPA.

Arhuaco, nke a maara dị ka (Arhuaco: Ikʉ), bụ asụsụ Ụmụ amaala America nke Ezinụlọ asụsụ Chibchan, nke Ndị Arhuaco na-asụ na South America.

nwere ndị na-asụ asụsụ 8,000, ha niile nọ na mpaghara Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta nke Colombia, 90% n'ime ha bụ ndị na-ekwu otu asụsụ. Ịgụ na ide bụ 1 ruo 5% n'asụsụ ha. Ụfọdụ [3]-asụ Spanish, na 15 ruo 25% bụ ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ n'asụsụ enyemaka ahụ. Ndị ọrụ ahụ nwere ọdịbendị ọdịnala siri ike [3] jiri ire ha mee ihe nke ọma.

makwaara ya dị ka: Aruaco, Bintuk, Bíntukua, Bintucua, Ica, Ijca, Ijka, Ika, na Ike.

Asụsụ ahụ na-eji usoro ahịrịokwu isiokwu-ihe-okwu (SOV).

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

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Mkpụrụedemede
N'ihu Central Ịlaghachi azụ
N'akụkụ i-agụnye__ibo__ Ihe omuma aỌdịdị N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adịN'ihi ya, ọ bụỌdịdị u bụ na-agụ__ibo__ Akwụkwọ bụ̣̣́ nke a na-akpọ "Spanish"Ọdịdị
N'etiti na-agụnye__ibo__ Ihe omuma aỌdịdị ə'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adịNa-ekwu maka yaỌdịdị o-adịNkọwaỌdịdị
Emeghe n'ihi yaIhe omuma di icheỌdịdị

/ə/ na-ebuli elu ma jikọta ya na /ɨ/ okwu n'ikpeazụ.

Asụsụ a na-edebanye aha ụdaume iri na asaa:

Ọdịdị nke ụdaume

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Ewezuga ụfọdụ, mkpụrụedemede Arhuaco nwere ike ịmalite site na ụdaume abụọ (nke abụọ n'ime ha ga-abụ glide /w j/) ma nwee ike mechie ya site na otu n'ime ụdaume ndị a: /ʔ n r w j/.

Prosody

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Mmetụta Arhuaco na-adaba na nkeji okwu nke abụọ, na nrụgide nke abụọ na-eme na nkeji okwu ọ bụla bu ụzọ, n'ihe gbasara okwu ndị toro ogologo (dịka /ˌunkəˈsia / 'mkpịsị aka nchebe'). [4] E nwere ụfọdụ affixes na enclitics ndị bụ extrametrical ma ghara ịgụ dị ka mkpụrụedemede maka ọrụ nrụgide.

Ọdịdị

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Aha nnọchiaha

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Aha ndị Arhuaco
onye otu ọtụtụ
Nke Mbụ nən niβi
Nke abụọ ma miβi
Nke atọ a Ijiknaʔ

(1985, 34) depụtara nnọchiaha onwe onye isii maka Arhuaco, na otu na ọtụtụ nọmba maka onye mbụ, nke abụọ, na nke atọ ma kwuo na ha "anaghị apụta ugboro ugboro na ederede; ha na-apụta mgbe ụfọdụ na ọnọdụ isiokwu, na-adịkarịghị na ọnọdụ ihe, na ọtụtụ mgbe dị ka ihe nke nnọchianya".

[5][6]'ụzọ a na-adịghị ahụkebe, akara onye na ngwaa Arhuaco agbanweela ka ọ bụrụ ụzọ dị irè iji akara epistemic modality ma ọ bụ evidentiality.

Edensibia

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  Frank, Paul 1985. Asụsụ nke Ika. Akwụkwọ edemede PhD. Mahadum Pennsylvania.

Frank, Paul 2000. Okwu Ika. Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics.

[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2000. Asụsụ Ika. n'asụsụ ụmụ amaala nke Colombia: Otu ọhụụ nkọwa. Bogota: Instituto Caro y Cuervo.

Ihe edeturu

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  1. ↑ Arhuaco language at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009) Closed access icon
  2. ↑ Arhuaco at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named eth
  4. ↑ Landaburu (2000). La lengua Ika. Bogotá: Instituto Caro y Cuervo. 
  5. ↑ Ostler (2000). "The Development of Transitivity in the Chibchan Languages of Colombia", in Smith: Historical Linguistics 1995. Volume 1: General issues and non-Germanic Languages. Selected papers from the 12th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Manchester, August 1995. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins, 279–293. ISBN 978-90-272-3666-1. 
  6. ↑ Bergqvist (2012). "Epistemic marking in Ika (Arwako)". Studies in Language 36 (1): 154–181. DOI:10.1075/sl.36.1.05ber. 

Njikọ mpụga

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Templeeti:Languages of ColombiaTempleeti:Chibchan languages