Asụsụ Ngadha

Ngadha
Bahasa Ngaʼda
A mụrụ ya  Indonesia
Ógbè Okooko osisi
Ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala
 (ihe dị ka 65,000 e depụtara 1994-1995) [1]
Koodu asụsụ
ISO 639-3 Ma ọ bụ:nxg - Ngadʼ [sic]nea - Eastern Ngadʼ a [sic]
  
  
Glottolog ngad1261

Ngadha (  [2] [ŋaa], nke a na-asụbu Ngaʼda) bụ Asụsụ Austronesian, otu n'ime asụsụ isii a na-ekwu n'etiti agwaetiti Flores Ndị Indonesia.  Site n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ asụsụ ndị a bụ Ngadha, Nage, Keo, Ende, Lio, na Palu'e. [3] ndị a mejupụtara otu Central Flores nke Asụsụ Sumba-Flores, dị ka Blust si kwuo (2009). [1]

Ngadha bụ otu n'ime asụsụ ole na ole nwere retroflex implosive / .

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

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Usoro ụda nke Ngadha [4] ka ndị a:

Mkpụrụedemede

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Mkpụrụedemede Ngadha
N'ihu Central Ịlaghachi azụ
Elu i u
N'etiti na ə̆ o
Ala Dị Ala a

A na-ede ụdaume dị mkpirikpi /ə̆/ na-esochi consonant okpukpu abụọ, ebe ọ bụ na n'ụda ụda, consonant na-aghọ geminate mgbe /ə̆/. Ọ dịghị mgbe na-adịghị etolite usoro na ụdaume ndị ọzọ ma e wezụga ebe glottal nkwụsị ada ada (eg limaessa 'six', si lima 'ise' na 'essa' otu').

N'ime usoro ụdaume, epenthetic [j] nwere ike ịpụta mgbe ụdaume a na-agbaghị agba (dịka na /eu/, /eo/) na [w] mgbe ụdaume gbara agba (dị ka na /oe/, /oi/). Mkpụrụedemede abụọ bụ usoro. Vowels na-abụkarị ndị na-enweghị olu n'etiti ụdaume na-enweghị ụdaume na pre-pausa mgbe ụdaume na'enweghị ụdaume gasịrị.

Mmetụta dị na nkeji okwu nke abụọ, ọ gwụla ma nke ahụ nwere ụdaume /ə̆/, n'ọnọdụ ahụ, nrụgide dị na nkejiokwu ikpeazụ.

Mkpụrụ okwu

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Mkpụrụ okwu Ngadha
Akpụkpọ ahụ Ezé ezé Alveolar Ọkpụkpụ agbà<br id="mwbw"> Retroflex Velar Mkpịsị aka
Ụgbọ imi m n ŋ
Plosive/Africate
 Enweghị ume b d̪ dʒ ɡọ ʔ
aspirated ph th kh
implosive ɓ Ọdịdị
Ihe na-esiri ike kwuru okwu v z ɣ
enweghị olu f s x
Mmiri n'akụkụ l
trill r

A na-asụpụta ihe ndị na-apụtaghị ìhè na nke a na-akpọ "Sá" na "Sá". A na-asụpụta fricatives velar, ghī.

N'ụzọ intervocalic, a na-ebute okwu ndị na-adịghị mma site na nkwụsị glottal. Mbido /ɓ/ nwere ike ịbụ nke na-enweghị olu mgbe ụdaume na-esonụ bụkwa nke na-agbawa agbawa.

Trill dị mkpụmkpụ, ma nwee ike ịnwe naanị otu ma ọ bụ abụọ kọntaktị.

Nkwụsị nke akpịrị dị iche 'inu efu na ọnọdụ mbụ, dịka na inu 'ịṅụ' vs 'inu 'obere'. N'okwu ngwa ngwa ọ na-adaba n'etiti ụdaolu.

A na-enyocha okwu [#C̩CV] dị ka ndị nwere schwa mbụ. N'ọnọdụ mbido, a na-ekwupụta ụdaume ahụ mgbe niile (ma ọ bụghị ya, schwa ka dị). Ihe atụ bụ emma [mma] 'nna', emmu [mmu] 'mmpu', enna [nna] 'ájá', Ennga [ŋŋa] (aha), ebba [bba] 'swadling sling', ebbu [bbu] 'ndị nne na nna ochie', Ebbo [bbo] (aha, error [rro] 'anyanwụ' - dịkwa n'ọnọdụ dị n'etiti na ụdaume na-enweghị olu, dịka na limaessa [limassa] 'six'.

Edensibia

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na nkeji okwu nke abụọ, ọ gwụla ma nke ahụ nwere ụdaume /ə̆/, n'ọnọdụ ahụ, nrụgide dị na nkejiokwu ikpeazụ.

  1. ↑ Ngadʼa [sic] at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Eastern Ngadʼa [sic] at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ↑ Introduction. Rongga Documentation Project. Archived from the original on 2006-08-24. Retrieved on 2006-12-19.
  3. ↑ Blust (2008). "Is There a Bima-Sumba Subgroup?". Oceanic Linguistics 47 (1): 45–113. DOI:10.1353/ol.0.0006. 
  4. ↑ Djawanai (1983). Ngadha Text Tradition: The Collective Mind of the Ngadha People, Flores, Pacific Linguistics Series D – No. 55. Canberra: Australian National University. 

Njikọ mpụga

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Templeeti:Central Malayo-Polynesian languages