Asụsụ Talodi-Heiban

Asụsụ Talodi-Heiban
language family
obere ụdị nkeAsụsụ Atlantic-Congo Dezie

 

Asụsụ Talodi-Heiban bụ alaka a na-atụ aro nke ezinụlọ Niger-Congo, nke a na-asụ na Ugwu Nuba nke Sudan. A na-eche na asụsụ Talodi na Heiban nwere njikọ chiri anya site na Dimmendaal, [1] ọ bụ ezie na Glottolog 4.4 anaghị anabata ịdị n'otu nke Talodi-Heiban na-echere ihe akaebe ọzọ. [2]

Nchịkọta

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Roger Blench (2016) na-ekwu na alaka Talodi na Heiban nwere ọtụtụ ihe yiri ya, mana ihe yiri ya ole na ole. Blench (2016) na-ewere Talodi na Heiban dị ka alaka dị iche iche, nke nwere onwe ya na Niger-Congo nke mechara gbakọta n'ihi mmekọrịta.

Talodi na Heiban bụ otu nke alaka Kordofanian nke Niger-Congo nke Joseph Greenberg (1963) kwuru; A na-akpọkwa Talodi-Masakin, a na-akpọkwara Heiban Koalib ma ọ bụ Koalib-Moro. Roger Blench na-ekwu na ezinụlọ Talodi na Heiban nwere usoro aha nke Atlantic-Congo nke Niger-Congo, mana na Asụsụ Katla (alaka ọzọ nke Kordofanian) enweghị ihe ọ bụla na-egosi na ha nwere usoro dị otú ahụ, ebe Asụsụ Kadu na ụfọdụ n'ime Asụsụ Rashad yiri ka ha nwetara klas aha dị ka akụkụ nke Sprachbund, kama ịnata ha. Ọ kwubiri na asụsụ Kordofanian abụghị otu usoro ọmụmụ, mana na Talodi-Heiban bụ isi Niger-Congo, ebe Katla na Rashad mejupụtara alaka dịpụrụ adịpụ (ma ọ bụ ma eleghị anya alaka) n'akụkụ Mande. Asụsụ Kadu nwere ike ịbụ Nilo-Saharan.

Mmekọrịta

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Nkwekọrịta okwu n'etiti Proto-Heiban na Proto-Talodi dị ka Blench si kwuo (2016): [3]

Nkọwa Proto-Heiban Proto-Talodi
afọ *k-aaRi / ɲ- *C-a[a]rәk / kә-
akọrọ *Ø-undu / k- *Øandu[k] / t~k
ntị *k-ɛɛni / ɲ- *k-ɛ[ɛ]nu / Ø-
ọkụ *iiga *t̪-ɪ[ɪ]k / ḷ-
nye *N-d̪ɛ-d̪í *N-d̪í
afọ *t̪-y / n̪-u *t-u[u]k / n-
nụ *g-aani / n- *g-eenu / w-
oghere *li-buŋul / 33- *t-ʊbʊ / n-
mpi *l-uuba / ŋ- *t~C-uubʊk / n~m-
n'akụkụ aka ekpe *t̪-agur *Ø-gʊlɛ / C-
aha *C-iriɲ *k-әḷәŋaŋ / N~Ø-
ịdọrọ *Ude̪i *aadu
uhie *k- Ubi Ọdịdị
eriri *d̪-aar / ŋw- *t̪-ɔ[ɔ]ḷәk / ḷ-
obere *-itti (ɲ) *ɔt̪t̪ɛ (ŋ)
kpakpando *l-ʊrʊm / ŋ- *C-ɔ[ɔ]d̪ɔt̪ / m
nkume *k-adɔl / y- *p-әd̪ɔk / m
ire *d̪-iŋgәla / r- *t̪-ʊlọn / ḷ-
ezé *l-iŋgat / y- *C-әɲi[t] / k-
nku *k-ibɔ / ̆- *k-ʊbɪ / Ø-

Nkọwapụta aha n'etiti Proto-Heiban na Proto-Talodi dị ka Blench si kwuo (2016): [3]

Aha Proto-Heiban Proto-Talodi
Ndị mmadụ *kw,gw-/l- *p,b-/Ø-
Osisi na osisi *k,g/y- *p-/k-
Ihe ndị gbara gburugburu, akụkụ ahụ dị mkpa *li-/ŋw- * * * * m-
Akụkụ ahụ ndị yiri ibe ha *l-/j- *K-
Ihe ndị dị ogologo, ihe ndị dị arọ *ð-/r- *t/n
Obere ihe, anụmanụ *ŋ-, t-/ɲ- *ŋ-/ɲ-
Mmiri *ŋ- *ŋ-
Ndị a na-apụghị ịgụta ọnụ, [ájá, ahịhịa] *k- *t-

Ihe edeturu

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  1. Gerrit Dimmendaal, 2008. "Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continent", Language and Linguistics Compass 2/5:842.
  2. Güldemann (2018). "Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa", in Güldemann: The Languages and Linguistics of Africa, The World of Linguistics series. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 58–444. DOI:10.1515/9783110421668-002. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 Blench, Roger. 2016. Do Heiban and Talodi form a genetic group and how are they related to Niger-Congo?.

Àtụ:Kordofanian languagesÀtụ:Niger-Congo branches