Asụsụ Zenati

Asụsụ Zenati
language family
obere ụdị nkeNorthern Berber languages Dezie
akara alataznatit Dezie
mba/obodoMorocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya Dezie
ụmụ amaala kaNorth Africa Dezie
usoro ederedeTifinagh, Latin script, Arabic alphabet Dezie

 

Asụsụ Zenati bụ alaka nke Ezinụlọ asụsụ Northern Berber nke North Africa. A na-akpọ ha aha site na njikọ agbụrụ Zenata Berber nke oge ochie. A tụpụtara ha na mbụ n'akwụkwọ nke onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ French bụ Edmond Destaing (1915) (1920-23).[1] A na-ekesa olumba Zenata gafee etiti ụwa Berber (Maghreb), site n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Morocco ruo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Algiers, na ugwu Sahara, site na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Algeria gburugburu Bechar ruo Zuwara na Libya. Asụsụ Zenati a na-asụkarị bụ Tmazight nke Rif n'ebe ugwu Morocco na Tashawit Berber n'ebeebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Algeria, nke ọ bụla nwere ihe karịrị nde mmadụ atọ na-asụrụ ya.

Asụsụ

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Kossmann (2013)

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Dị ka -" data-linkid="95" href="./Maarten_Kossmann" id="mwHw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Maarten Kossmann">Kossmann si kwuo (2013: 21-24), [2] Zenati bụ otu ìgwè na-enweghị isi, nke ọ gụnyere ụdị ndị a:

  • Riffian (Riffian Berber, ma ọ bụ Rif-Berber, aha obodo: Tmazi Brandon, n'ebe ugwu Morocco); Gụnyere olumba Arzew_Berber" id="mwKA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Arzew Berber">Arzew, na Arzew na ọdịda anyanwụ Algeria
  • Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Morocco Zenati (n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Morocco)
  • Iznasen
  • Eastern Middle Atlas: Ait Seghrouchen na otu ìgwè asụsụ gụnyere Ait Warain (Ayt Warayn) (n'ebe ugwu nke etiti Morocco)
  • Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Algeria, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Algiers (otu dị iche iche):
    • Asụsụ Beni Snous (Tlemcen), n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Algeria n'akụkụ ókèala
    • Jebel Bissa (nke a na-aghọta na Shenwa)
    • Shenwa (Chenoua), n'etiti Tipasa na Ténès n'ebe ugwu etiti Algeria n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Algiers
    • Beni Messaoud (Shenwa?)
    • Beni Menacer
    • Metmata (nke Algeria; dị iche na Matmata Berber nke Tunisia)
    • wdg (lee isiokwu)
  • Shawiya (Chaouia), gburugburu Batna na Khenchela, ndịda Constantine n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Algeria
  • Mzab-Wargla (ebe ugwu Sahara oasis):
    • South Oran na Figuig, na Ksours n'akụkụ ókè Algeria na Morocco na Figuiguig na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Morocco
    • Gourara Berber (Taznatit) (Gourara, ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Algeria, gburugburu Timimoun)
    • Tidikelt na Tuat (Touat, Algeria)
    • Mozabite aka Mzab, Tumzabt (n'ebe ugwu Algeria Sahara, nso Ghardaia)
    • Wargla (Ouargli aka Tagergrent, Teggargarent), n'ebe ugwu Algeria Sahara, nso Ouargla
    • Oued Righ Berber (gụnyere Touggourt; Aha Ethnologue "Temacine Tamazight") na Oued Right, gburugburu Touggoort na Temacine, Algeria
  • Ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Tunisia-: Djerbi (àgwàetiti Djerba), Matmata_Berber" id="mwbA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Matmata Berber">Matmata Berber (Matmata), Sened na Zuwara_Berber" id="mwbw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Zuwara Berber">Zuwara Berber (Zuwara na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Libya)

Ihe ndị e ji mara ya

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Dị ka Kossmann si kwuo (1999:31-32, 86, 172), [3] ihe ọhụrụ ndị a na-ahụkarị na-akọwa asụsụ Zenati gụnyere:

  • A na- ụdaume a- na prefixes aha n'ọtụtụ okwu mgbe ọ na-ebute CV, ebe C bụ otu ụdaume na V bụ ụdaume zuru ezu (na-abụghị schwa). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, fus "aka" na-eji fus dochie anya. (A na-ahụ mmepe yiri nke ahụ n'asụsụ ụfọdụ nke Eastern Berber, mana ọ bụghị Nafusi.)
  • Ngwaa ndị ụdị aorist mbụ ha na-ejedebe na -u ebe ụdị ha zuru oke na-ejikọta na '-a' na aorist, na-ahapụ aorist / ọdịiche zuru oke na ngwaa ndị a. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, *ktu "chefuo", Siwi ttu, na-aghọ Ouargli tta. (Nke a na-emetụtakwa Nafusi.)
  • Ngwaa ndị mejupụtara (n'asụsụ aorist) [4]) nke ụdaume abụọ na-enweghị ụdaume ọzọ karịa schwa na-adaba na klas abụọ ọzọ na Berber: [5] otu ebe ụdaume ikpeazụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na-apụta n'ụdị zuru oke, na otu nke na-aga n'ihu na-enweghị vowel ikpeazụ na nke zuru oke. Na Zenati, a na-ejikọta klas nke ikpeazụ kpamkpam na nke mbụ n'ụzọ zuru oke, ma e wezụga otu ihe zuru oke nke *əɣ s "ọ chọrọ". Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Kabyle (nke na-abụghị Zenati) gər "atụba", pf. -cover (int. -ggar), kwekọrọ na Ouargli (Zenati) gər, pf. -gru. (Gbanwee a na-emetụtakwa Nafusi; Basset (1929:9) na-enye ihe atụ ebe o yiri ka ọ naghị eme na Chenoua. )
  • Proto-Berber *-əβ aghọwo -i na Zenati. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, *arəβ "de" na-aghọ ari. (Gbanwee a na-emekwa n'ụdị dị iche iche gụnyere Central Atlas Tamazight dialect nke Izayan, Nafusi, na Siwi.)
  • Proto-Berber palatalised g">k' na g', kwekọrọ na k na g n'ụdị ndị na-abụghị Zenati, na-aghọ š na ž na Zenati (ọ bụ ezie na a na-ahụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ziri ezi nke nkwekọrịta na-adịghị mma maka nke a.) Dịka ọmụmaatụ, K'ăm "ị (f. sg.) " na-aghọta šəm. (Ngbanwe a na-emekwa na Nafusi na Siwi.)

Na mgk na nkwekọrịta nke k na g na š na ž, Chaker (1972), [6] mgbe ọ na-ekwupụta ejighị n'aka banyere nkwekọrịta asụsụ nke Zenati, na-ekwu dị ka àgwà Zenati:

  • Ihe ngosi proximal "nke a" -u, kama -a
  • -u ikpeazụ n'ime ngwaa zuru oke nke abụọ, kama -a (dịka yə-nsu "ọ na-ehi ụra" kama yə-nsa n'ebe ọzọ)

Njirimara ndị a na-akọwa obere akụkụ nke Berber karịa ndị a kpọtụrụ aha na mbụ, ọkachasị ụdị ndị dị n'ebe ugwu Sahara; ha na-ewepu, dịka ọmụmaatụ, Chaoui [7] na niile ma e wezụga asụsụ Riff kachasị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. [8]

Edensibia

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Zenati a na-asụkarị bụ Tmazight nke Rif n'ebe ugwu Morocco na Tashawit Berber n'ebeebe ugwu ọwụwZenati a na-asụkarị bụ Tmazight nke Rif n'ebe ugwu Morocco na Tashawit Berber n'ebeebe ugwu ọwụw

  1. ↑ Edmond Destaing, "Note sur la conjugaison des verbes de forme C1eC2", Mémoires de la Société Linguistique de Paris, 22 (1920/3), pp. 139-148
  2. ↑ Maarten Kossmann (2013) The Arabic Influence on Northern Berber
  3. ↑ Maarten Kossmann, Essai sur la phonologie du proto-berbère, Rüdiger Köppe:Köln
  4. ↑ André Basset, La langue berbère. Morphologie. Le verbe.-Étude de thèmes. Paris 1929, pp. 9, 58
  5. ↑ Maarten Kossmann, "Note sur la conjugaison des verbes CC à voyelle alternante en berbère", Etudes et Documents Berbères 12, 1994, pp. 17-33
  6. ↑ Salem Chaker, 1972, "La langue berbère au Sahara", Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée 11:11, pp. 163-167
  7. ↑ Penchoen, Th.G., 1973, Etude syntaxique d'un parler berbère (Ait Frah de l'Aurès), Napoli, Istituto Universitario Orientale (= Studi magrebini V). p. 14
  8. ↑ Lafkioui, Mena. 2007. Atlas linguistique des variétés berbères du Rif. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe. pp. 207, 178.

Templeeti:Berber languages