Bokkoms

Bokkoms

obere ụdị nke	cured fish
mba osi	South Africa

Bokkom ha

  Bokkoms (ma ọ bụ Bokkems) bụ mullet zuru oke, nnu na nke akpịrị kpọrọ nkụ (karịsịa Southern mullet, Chelon richardsonii, ụdị azụ a maara na mgbaghara odida anyanwu no na Cape Town nke South Africa dị ka "ndị siri ike"), ọ bụkwa ihe a ma ama na mpaghara West Coast nke South Afrịka.^[1][2] A na-eme ka azụ̀ a na-atọ nnu kpọọ nkụ n'anyanwụ na ifufe ma rie ya mgbe ọ gbasịrị akpụkpọ ahụ. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a na-ese ya. A na-akpọ ya mgbe ụfọdụ "fish biltong".

Mmalite nke okwu ahụ

Okwu bokkom sitere na okwu Dutch bokkem, nke bụ ụdị okwu bokking (ma ọ bụ buckinc na Middle Dutch).^[3] Okwu bokking sitere na okwu bok (okwu Dutch maka buck ma ọ bụ ewu) ma na-ezo aka n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na bokkoms na-echetara ewu, n'ihi na bokkom nwere otu ọdịdị dị ka mpi ewu, siri ike dị ka mpi goat, ma na-esi ísì dị ka mpi nke ewu (ego nwere gland na-esi ụtọ n'azụ mpi ha nke na-eme ka ísì).^[3] Ihe ndekọ mbụ nke ojiji nke okwu ahụ n'asụsụ Afrikaans nke South Africa bụ na Patriot Eventboek na afo 1902 n'ụdị bokkom.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1658, naanị afọ isii mgbe ndị Europe biri na Cape of Good Hope, e nyere ndị obodo anọ nweere onwe ha ikike ibi na Saldanha Bay na West Coast nke Southern Africa. E nyere ha ikike site na Dutch East India Company igbu azụ na mmiri nke Saldanha Bay ma zipụ ha n'ụlọ ahịa ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Cape of Good Hope, ka a ree ha ndị ọzọ nakwa ụgbọ mmiri na-agafe na Table Bay. Ha nwere naanị ikike ịkụ azụ na-enye ego ruo 1711. Otu ụzọ n'ụzọ ise nke ndị e jidere ga-ebute n'ụdị nnu na nke kpọrọ nkụ, nke bụ mmalite nke bokkoms na South Africa. [citation needed]

Nkwadebe

Ihe ndị a na-etinye maka bokkoms nwere obere (onye na-eto eto) mullet (azụ̀), nnu siri ike na mmiri dị ọcha. Ụzọ mbụ nke West Coast nke ịkwadebe bokkoms na-amalite site na ijide obere (ndị na-eto eto) mullets (nke a na-akpọ "harders" na Afrikaans). A na-eji brik ma ọ bụ nkume rụọ nnukwu tankị square nke e ji osisi pickle siri ike mee ihe dị ka kilogram 50 nke nnu na mmiri dị ọcha, nke a na-agbakwunye azụ. Ozugbo agbakwunyere azụ zuru ezu iji ruo n'elu tankị ahụ, a na-agbasa spades abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ jupụtara na nnu kpọrọ nkụ n'elu azụ ahụ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-etinye ọtụtụ azụ na nnu n'elu ruo mgbe a ga-ekpuchi azụ niile na nnu. A na-agbakwunye nnu dị arọ n'elu. A na-ahapụ nke a maka otu ụbọchị. N'ụbọchị nke abụọ, a na-etinye ígwè obibi akwụkwọ e ji osisi mee nke nwere ihe dị arọ n'elu, n'elu azụ ahụ dị na tankị ahụ. Ebumnuche nke obibi akwụkwọ bụ iji hụ na a na-agbanye eriri afọ azụ ahụ ka ọ ghara imebi. Mgbe ụbọchị nke atọ n'ime tankị ahụ gasịrị, a na-ewepụta azụ ahụ ma tinye ya n'ìgwè azụ 10 ruo 25 nke ọ bụla n'otu eriri, na-eji agịga azụ nke a na ebugharị n'anya azụ ahụ. A na-etinye ụyọkọ ahụ ugboro abụọ ruo atọ n'ime mmiri dị ọcha, tupu a kwụnye ha n'elu ihe mkpuchi iji kpọọ nkụ.

Ịkpọ nkụ

Ọnọdụ kachasị mma maka ịcha bụ ọtụtụ ifufe na ọ bụghị oke ìhè anyanwụ. N'abalị, a na-ebute azụ ahụ n'okpuru ụlọ iji gbochie ya ịdọrọ na mmiri, n'echi ya, a na èzí ya ọzọ ka ọ kwụ n'anwụ. Usoro ịcha mmiri dum na-ewe ihe dị ka ụbọchị ise. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ndị mmadụ malitere iji "ọkụ" na-akpọ nwụ. Nke a nwere ọnụ ụlọ mechiri emechi nke nwere fan eletrik, ebe a na-akwụnye azụ ahụ. Onye na-ekpo ọkụ na-ebu ikuku na ekpomọkụ n'ime ụlọ. Nke a na-eme ka usoro ịcha dị mfe nke ukwuu, ebe ọ bụ na ọ dịghị mkpa ka ebuga azụ n'ime ụlọ kwa mgbede. Nke a na-enyemaka ohere ka a kpọọ nkụ n'oge ọnwa oyi na-ekpo ọkụ.

Ụlọ ọrụ bokkom

Bokkoms bụ nri dị ụtọ nke dị na Western Cape nke South Africa, na karịsịa West Coast. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ahịa dị mkpa na Western Cape (ebe ọ na-ewu ewu ma nwee ike ịchọta ya na họtel, ụlọ mmanya, ụlọ ahịa karama (na UK: ezumike), ụlọ ahịa azụ na kiosks n'ụsọ osimiri na ebe ezumike), ọ nweghị ike ịghọ ngwaahịa a na-ahụkarị n'akụkụ ka ukwuu nke ebe a na-egbu anụ na ndịda Afrịka, azụ na ụlọ ahịa nri dị ka biltong nwere. Otú ọ dị, ọ dị maka ịnye iwu na mbupu site na ịntanetị na usoro ikuku.^[4]

E nwere ụlọ ọrụ bokkom siri ike na "isi obodo bokkom" nke ụwa, Velddrif, na West Coast nke South Africa.^[5] A na-emepụta ihe dị ka 95% nke bokkoms nke South Africa na Velddrif, n'usoro obere ụlọ ọrụ dị n'akụkụ osimiri Berg.^[5] Ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla nwere obere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke ya n'osimiri n'ihu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. N'oge gara aga, e jidere nnukwu ìgwè mullet n'osimiri ahụ ma jiri jetties mee ihe dị ka ebe a na-eke "bakkies" (obere ụgbọ mmiri) nke ndị ọkụ azụ iji wepụ ihe ha jidere. N'ihi oke igbu azụ, a machibidoro ijide mullet n'osimiri ahụ ugbu a ma a ghaghị ijide ya n'oké osimiri dị nso na Laaiplek.^[5]

Velddrif bụ ebe dị mma maka ụlọ ọrụ bokkom. Ọ nwere ike ịnweta mullet dị nso n'ụsọ oké osimiri, ọnọdụ ihu igwe ya dị mma maka ịcha azụ (oge ọkọchị na mmiri ozuzo dị ala), ọ nwekwara ike ịnweta nnukwu nnu n'oké osimiri ka mmiri ozuzo na-ebugharị oké osimiri n'elu nnukwu nnu (ụlọ ọrụ nnu kachasị ukwuu na South Africa ebe a na-ewepụta nnu na mmiri oké osimiri, ụlọ ọrụ nnu Cerebos, dịkwa n'ebe ahụ).^[5] O nwekwara ike ịnweta mmiri dị ọcha n'ụdị osimiri Berg. Ya mere, ọ bụghị ihe na-emetụta na ụlọ ọrụ bokkom malitere ma ka na-anọgide na Velddrif. "Bokkomlaan" a ma ama (Bokkom avenue) n'akụkụ osimiri Berg na Velddrif bụ ebe ndị njem nleta nwere ike ịhụ ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke bokkoms na-agbanye n'ìgwè n'ahịrị nke ahịhịa ahịhịrị n'akụkụ ụzọ.

Iri nri

Bokkoms bụ nri pụrụ iche, ọdịnala ọdịnala nke West Coast nke South Africa. A na-eji mmanya ọcha, ma ọ bụ achịcha, apricot jam na kọfị ojii, ma enwere ike iji ya mee ihe na ofe na spaghetti, tapenades, ragout ma ọ bụ dịka ịta n'onwe ya.^[6][7][8][9]

Nchegbu banyere gburugburu ebe obibi

Enwere nchegbu banyere mbelata azụ na West Coast nke South Africa. Southern mullet dị na ndepụta oroma nke WWF Southern African Sustainable Seafood Initiative (SASSI) dị ka ụdị na-adịghị adịgide adịgide.^[10][11] Ìgwè a na-agụnye ụdị ndị nwere ihe ndị metụtara nchegbu, ma ọ bụ n'ihi na ụdị ahụ agwụla n'ihi oke igbu azụ ma ghara ịnọgide na-enwe nrụgide ịkụ azụ ugbu a, ma ọ bụkwa n'ihi n'ihi ịkụ azụ ma ọ bụ usoro ọrụ ugbo na-emebi gburugburu ebe obibi na / ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị ndụ nke ụdị ahụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị ike na nrụgide ịkụ azụ̀ dị elu. Ndị na-egbu azụ na ndị na-ere ahịa nwere ike ire ụdị ndị a n'ụzọ iwu. Otú ọ dị, ịrị elu nke ọchịchọ maka ndị a nwere ike imebi nnyefe na-adịgide adịgide.

N'omenala a ma ama

A na-eji okwu bokkoms eme ihe n'asụsụ Afrikaans ma ọ dịkarịa ala ilu atọ:

1. Iji zoo aka na onye na-agwụ ike, nke na-agbasi ike, nke a na-agụghị ike, ya bụ "osisi ochie kpọrọ nkụ", na ahịrịokwu "Ọ bụ n'ụzọ nkịtị ka a sụgharịrị "bokkem kpọrọ nkụ").^[1]
2. Iji zoo aka na onye na-enweghị ike, na-enweghị ikike ịrụ ọrụ ya nke ọma, na-enweghị ike ime ihe kachasị mfe, na ahịrịokwu "hy kan nie bokkom braai nie" (nke a sụgharịrị n'ụzọ nkịtị "ọ nweghị ike isi nri bokkom").^[12]
3. Iji zoo aka na onye dị nnọọ gịrịgịrị ma dị gịrịgharị, na ahịrịokwu "ọ bụ ezigbo bokkom en biltong, maar min vir die jakkalse" (nke a sụgharịrị n'ụzọ nkịtị "ọ bụ naanị bokkom na biltong, mana ọ bụghị ihe dị ukwuu maka nkịta ọhịa").^[12]

A na-ejikwa ya mee ihe dị ka aha maka otu ezinụlọ nke osisi nwere mkpụrụ osisi dị nkọ a hụrụ na South Africa. A na-akpọ osisi ndị a bokkoms n'asụsụ Afrikaans n'ihi na mkpụrụ osisi ahụ yiri bokkoms, ísì ha na-adịghị mma na-echetara ísì azụ siri ike nke bokkoms.^[3]

Ntụnyere na nri ndị yiri ya

Bokkoms yiri herring kpọrọ nkụ, yana bloaters, kippers na buckling. Bloaters (azụ̀ dum), kippers (nkewa) na buckling (isi na eriri afọ wepụrụ) niile na-eme ka nnu dị nro ma na-ese siga maka obere oge. Ọ bụ ezie na usoro maka ime bokkoms nwere ike isi na usoro Europe nke ime herring kpọrọ nkụ, bokkoms na-eji ụdị azụ dị iche iche (mullet) ma ha anaghị eji sịga eme ihe mgbe niile na nkwadebe nke nri dị ụtọ.

Hụkwa

 

Nri ndị yiri ya

Nri ndị yiri bokkom gụnyere:

• dried herring – Forage fish, mostly belonging to the family Clupeidae
• bloaters
• kippers
• buckling
• dried snoek (snook)
• azụ̀ ndị a mịrị amị
• shark biltong

Isiokwu ndị metụtara ya

• Ndepụta nri a mịrị amị
• Ndepụta nri a na-ese siga

Ihe edeturu na ntụaka

1. HAT – Verklarende Handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal, 5de Uitgawe, FF Odendal & RH Gouws (redakteurs), Pearson Education South Africa, Maskew Miller Longman, 2005, p 112
2. Southern mullet – Exhibition – Two Oceans Aquarium Cape Town, South Africa. Aquarium.co.za (18 July 2012). Archived from the original on 9 July 2014. Retrieved on 30 July 2022.
3. Etimologiewoordeboek van Afrikaans, Buro van die Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal, Editor: GJ van Wyk, 2003
4. The Leading Bokkom Site on the Net. BokKOM.com. Archived from the original on 1 July 2012. Retrieved on 21 March 2012.
5. Accommodation in velddrif. Bokkom.co.za (9 April 2007).
6. SA West Coast Route 27 website: https://web.archive.org/web/20130512033740/http://www.route27sa.com/velddrif.html
7. Sardines on toast (11 August 2010). Black olive and bokkom tapenade. Food24.
8. Gutted! (previously, Spaghetti del Mare) |. Blogs.food24.com (1 October 2010). Archived from the original on 28 November 2015. Retrieved on 21 March 2012.
9. Squid and prawns with bean and bokkom ragout by (Prawn, Pulses and Legumes) @FoodNetwork_UK. Foodnetwork.co.uk.
10. Harders – Beach Seine : SEAFOOD DATABASE. Wwf Sassi.
11. The bokkom controversy – a cautionary tale |. Blogs.food24.com (12 November 2010). Archived from the original on 28 November 2015. Retrieved on 21 March 2012.
12. Elektroniese WAT (Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal), Buro van die Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal, Stellenbosch : Buro van die WAT 2008

Njikọ mpụga

Wikimedia Commons nwe ru media dị ikwu nye Bokkoms.